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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the grouping of objects or information based on similarities
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classification
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the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics
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taxonomy
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two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus
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binomial nomenclature
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consists of a group of similar species (first word)
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genus (genera)
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describes a characteristic of the organism (second word)
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specific epithet
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consists of a group of similar genera
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family
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a taxon of similar families
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order
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a taxon of similar orders
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class
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a taxon of similar classes
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phylum (phyla)
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a taxon of similar of classes, used for plants
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division
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a taxon of similar phyla or divisions
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kingdom
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the evolutionary history of a species
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phylogeny
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assumes that as groups of organisms diverge and evolve from a common ancestral group, they retain some unique inherited characteristics that taxonomists call derived traits
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cladistics
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a model of the phylogeny of a species
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cladogram
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bacteria that have very strong cell walls and a less complex genetic makeup than found in archaebacteria or eukaryotes
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eubacteria
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a eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist environments
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protist
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either a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment
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fungus
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composed of nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat and are smaller than the smallest bacterium
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virus
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a cell in which a virus replicates
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host cell
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a virus that infects a bacterium
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bacteriophage
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viruses have this, an outer peotein coat
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capsid
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provirus leaves the chromosome, viral nucleic acid and proteins are made, the cell breaks open releasing viruses
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lytic cycle
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a replication cycle in which the virus's nucleic acid is integrated into the host cell's chromosome
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lysogenic cycle
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viral DNA that is integrated into the host cell's chromosome
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provirus
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the RNA virus with the most complex replication cycle
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retrovirus
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an enzyme that helps a retrovirus make double-stranded DNA from its RNA... that DNA is integrated into the host cell's chromosome and becomes a provirus
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reverse transcriptase
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composed of proteins but have no nucleic acid to carry genetic information
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prions
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composed of a single circular strand of RNA with no protein coat
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viroids
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process in which chemosynthetic bacteria break down and release the energy of inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen
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chemosynthesis
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bacterial asexual reproduction
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binary fission
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bacterial sexual reproduction
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conjugation
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bacteria that need oxygen for respiration
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obligate aerobes
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bacterial that are killed by oxygen
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obligate anaerobes
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a tiny structure that contains a bacteriums's DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a tough outer covering that resists drying out, temperature extremes, and harsh chemicals
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endospore
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process where bacteria use enzymes that convert N^2 into ammonia (NH^3)
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nitrogen fixation
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a powerful and deadly poison that bacteria are capable of creating
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toxin
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animal-like protists
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protozoa
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plantlike protists
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algae (singular, alga)
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the extensions of some protozoans' plasma membranes that they use to move and feed
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pseudopodia
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used by amoebas, a single parent produces one or more identical offspring by dividing into two cells
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asexual reproduction
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protozoans with one or more flagellla
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flagellates
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the roughly 8000 members of the protist phylum Ciliophora that use the cilia that cover their bodies to move
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ciliates
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protists in the phylum Sporozoa are often called this because most produce spores
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sporozoans
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composed of a single circular strand of RNA with no protein coat
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viroids
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process in which chemosynthetic bacteria break down and release the energy of inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen
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chemosynthesis
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bacterial asexual reproduction
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binary fission
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bacterial sexual reproduction
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conjugation
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bacteria that need oxygen for respiration
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obligate aerobes
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bacterial that are killed by oxygen
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obligate anaerobes
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a tiny structure that contains a bacteriums's DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a tough outer covering that resists drying out, temperature extremes, and harsh chemicals
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endospore
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process where bacteria use enzymes that convert N^2 into ammonia (NH^3)
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nitrogen fixation
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a powerful and deadly poison that bacteria are capable of creating
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toxin
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animal-like protists
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protozoa
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plantlike protists
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algae (singular, alga)
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extensions of some protozoans' plasma membranes used to move and feed
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pseudopodia
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most amoebas use this, a single parent produces one or more identical offspring by dividing into two cells
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asexual reproduction
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protists in the Zoomastigina phylum with one or more flagella
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flagellates
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the roughly 8000 members of the phylum Ciliophora, known as this, use the cilia that cover their bodies to move
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ciliates
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protists in the phylum Sporozoa are called this because most produce spores
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sporozoans
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a reproductive cell that forms without fertilization and produces a new organism
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spore
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the body of a seaweed and some other plants and organisms is called this because it lacks roots, stems, and leaves
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thallus
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a group of cells that lives together in close association
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colony
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during this process, an individual breaks up into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual
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fragmentation
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an organism with this pattern alternates between existing as a haploid and a diploid organism, creating two different generations
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alternation of generations
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the haploid form of the organism is called this because it produces gametes
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gametophyte
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the gametes fuse to form a zygote from which the diploid form of the organism, which is called this, develops
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sporophyte
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a mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes
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plasmodium
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