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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Costal Zone |
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Coast |
Where land meets sea |
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Swash |
Forward movement up a beach |
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Backwash |
Backward movement down a beach |
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Fetch |
The stretch of open water over which the wind blows. The longer the fetch the more powerful the wave |
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Weathering |
The disintegration of rock in their original place at or close to the surface |
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Physical Weathering |
The disintegration of rock without any chemical changes taking place |
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Chemical weathering |
Chemical changes occur when weathering takes place. |
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Biological weathering |
Plants and roots grow and expand cracks. |
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Sub-arial Process |
Includes weathering and mass movement |
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Hydraulic power |
The weight and impact of water and air trapped in cracks, increasing pressure and cause the rock to break off |
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Abrasion |
Sand and pebbles are thrown against rock face, causing pieces to break off and cause undercutting |
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Attrition |
Particles carried by waves are reduced in size as they collide |
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Solution |
Chemical action of rocks by sea water, rocks dissolve and carried by solution |
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1- Suspension 2-Traction 3-Solution 4- Saltation |
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Hows does LSD occur |
Material move up the beach at an angle in the swash controlled by prevailing wind, the material carried down the beach in the backwash |
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Where do wave-cut notches occur |
Base of a cliff |
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What is a Bar |
A bar is a spit which has grown right across a bay |
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Mass movement |
Downhill movement of material due to gravity |
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Constructive waves |
Strong swash, weak backwash |
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Destructive waves |
Weak swash, strong backwash |
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Slumping |
Downhill movement along a curved surface |
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Spit |
Finger of new land made of sand jutting into sea. |
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Salt marsh |
Low-lying costal marshes |
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Wave-cut notch |
A small cut in a cliff |
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Wave-cut platform |
A wide gently sloping rocky surface at the foot of a cliff |
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Why are the Holderness cliffs collapsing |
Made from soft rock, (boulder clay) Beach is very narrow and thin ( wave-cut notch) Destructive waves Boulder clay is impermeable |
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Boulder clay |
Soft clay left behind after glaciers |
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Impermeable |
Doesn't allow water to soak through |
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Managing retreat
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controlled flooding of low lying costal areas |
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Revetment |
Rock armour |
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Some causes of rising sea levels |
Global warming Thermal expansion enhanced green house effect |
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Problems caused by rising sea levels |
Costal flooding islands already disappeared storm surges salt water pools |
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Abiotic |
Non-living organisms |
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Biotic |
Living organisms |
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Conditions needed for the development of sand dunes |
Regular supply of sediments Wide sandy beach Onshore winds Vegetation |
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whats a psammosere? |
sand dune succsession |
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1- Embryo dune 2- Fore dune 3- Yellow dune 4- Grey dune 5- Dune slack 6- Mature dune |
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Some management strategies of Studland Heath |
close some areas for study only educating people about how dunes are fragile no BBQ's no noisy leisure activities |
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Invader species |
Species which invade the pioneer species |
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Pioneer species |
The first plant species to colonies an area |