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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Gerota's fascia?
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The renal fascia that encloses the kidneys.
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Where are the adrenal glands located?
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They sit superior and medial to the kidneys.
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What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
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The nephron.
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Which kidney is larger?
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The left.
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Which kidney is lower?
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The right.
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Where are the kidneys located?
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In the retroperitoneal space.
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What is Gerota's capsule?
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Fascia surrounding the kidneys and adrenal glands.
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What is the function of the ureters?
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To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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Which muscle is responsible for emptying the bladder and closing the orifice?
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The detrusor muscle.
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In males, where does the bladder sit?
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On the prostrate gland.
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In females, where does the bladder sit?
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On the pelvic diaphragm.
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What is the trigone of the bladder?
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The smooth triangular area located between the uretheral openings and the uretheral apperture.
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Name the male genital organs.
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testes
ductus deferens seminal vesicles ejaculatory ducts penis |
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What is the external uretheral opening called?
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The meatus.
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What is the foreskin of the penis called?
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The prepuce.
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Is the urethra longer in males or females.
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Males
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What structure does the urethra pass through in males?
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The prostrate.
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Where are the testes located?
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In the scrotum.
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What does UTI stand for?
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Urinary tract infection.
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What is Cushing's Syndrome?
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Condition of the adrenal glands from overproduction of ACTH from the pituitary gland.
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What is Addison's Disease?
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Adrenal hormone insuffiency causing fluid imbalance and blood pressure problems.
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What is Pheochromocytoma?
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Tumor of the adrenal gland causing overproduction of adrenalin.Results in severe hypertension.
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Another name for adrenalin?
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Epinepherine
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Define Hematuria.
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Presence of blood in the urine.
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Treatment for malignant bladder tumor?
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Transuretherally
Partial cystectomy Total cystectomy Radiation and chemotherapy |
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Another name for urinary calculi?
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Urinary stones.
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Where do urinary calculi form?
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In the kidneys.
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What is ESWL and what is it used for?
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Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.Use of sound waves to break up kidney stones.
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Diabetic Nephropathy
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Glomerular sclerosis
Kidneys cannot filter blood May lead to dialysis or transplant |
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When does End Stage Renal Disease occur?
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When the kidneys function at less than 10%.
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What is a requirement in order to perform dialysis?
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To establish vascular access; dual-lumen catheter
AV fistula |
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Where is an AV fistula or shunt placed?
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In non-dominate forarm between cephalic vein and radial artery.
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What is the hemodialysis solution called?
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Dialysate
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Name the types of peritoneal hemodialysis.
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CAPD
CCPD IPD |
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Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma.
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cigarette smoking
heredity end stage renal disease and on dialysis |
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Describe Wilm's Tumor.
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Congenital nephroblastoma
Between age 3-4 |
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What is phimosis?
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Condition where the forskin of penis will not retract.
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Describe hypospadias in males and females.
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Males-uretheral opening on underside of penis or on perineum.
Female-opening in vagina or perineum |
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Describe epispadias.
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Absence of anterior wall of urethra resulting in opening on dorsal side of penis.
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What causes BPH?
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Benign prostatic hypertrophy is caused by aging and hormonal changes.
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How is prostrate cancer diagnosed?
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PSA
Biopsy |
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What is a surgical treatment for BPH?
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TURP
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What does TURP stand for?
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transuretheral resection of the prostrate
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This may be performed in conjunction with a radical prostatectomy.
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pelvic lymph node removal
orchiectomy |
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Define cryptorchidism.
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Failure of testes to decend into scrotum before age 1.
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What is torsion of the testicle?
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Twisting of the spermatic cord
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Surgical treatment for testicular torsion.
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Orchiopexy
orchiectomy |
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Treatment for testicular cancer?
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orchiectomy
radiation chemotherapy |
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Why would a PSA test be performed after a prostatectomy for cancer?
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To rule out metasis.
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What is the most important diagnostic test in urology?
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Urinanylsis
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What kind of specimen is needed for urinanylsis for suspected infection?
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clean catch
or catheter specimen |
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What is a red Robinson?
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A non-retaining urinary catheter also called straight cath
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What is a KUB?
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AP radiographic view of kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
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What is IVU?
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Contrast meduim injected into vein to visualize entire urological system.
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What is retrograde urogram?
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Contrast medium injected via a catheter with a scope into the ureters because of obstruction.
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What is the only way to accurately determine malignancy and cell type?
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Biopsy
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Another name for transuretheral endoscopy?
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cystoscopy
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Describe a cysto table?
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OR bed in cysto to accomodate lithotomy position, has built-in x-ray, drain, IV poles, is adjustable.
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What is a catheter guide?
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A metal guide inserted into catheter, to help insert the catheter, then removed.
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Name some solutions used for visualization during cystoscopy.
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glycine
sorbitol water saline |
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What is a bridge used for?
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accomodate extra length of scope,extra ports for instruments, catheters, etc
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What is a resectoscope?
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Scope with a working element to facilitate use of electrode to resect tissue.
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Is there an alternative method to chest tube placement?
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Pursestring suture placed around red robinson, Valsalva performed,suture tightened as catheter removed.
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Ellik evacuator or Toomey syringe are used for what?
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To remove resected tumor pieces and tissue.
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3 main positions used for genitourinary surgery.
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lithotomy
supine lateral and variations of |
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Incisions used for genitourinary surgery.
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inguinal
scrotal abdominal Gibson flank lumbar |
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inguinal incision used for?
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access scrotal contents
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Describe a Gibson incision and its uses.
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oblique incision used for access to the lower portion of the ureter.
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When using a flank incision during genitourinary surgery, is the peritoneum entered?
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no
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Name the different types of flank incisions.
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subcostal
transcostal intercostal |