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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
At the molecular level, a definition of a _____ is a segment of DNA that is used to make a functional product, either an RNA molecule or a polypeptide
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gene
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The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence
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transcription
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______ ______ encode the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
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Structural genes
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Becomes part of a functional protein that contributes to an organism's traits
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Polypeptide
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The usual flow of genetic information is from ____ to _____ to _____.
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DNA, mRNA, polypeptide
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When a structural gene is transcribed, the first product is an RNA molecule known as ______.
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
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The sequence of _______ within the mRNA determines the sequence of ______ _______ in a polypeptide
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nucleotides, amino acids
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_____ ______ _____ define the beginning and ending of a gene and also play a role in regulating the level of RNA synthesis
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Short base sequences
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DNA sequences called _______ ______ influence whether a gene is being turned on or off.
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regulatory sequences
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Overall process by which the information within a gene is used to produce a functional product, s/a a polypeptide.
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gene expression
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site for RNA polymerase binding; signals the beginning of transcription
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promoter
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signals the end of transcription
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terminator
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The base sequence in the RNA _______ _______ transcript is complementary to the of DNA
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template strand
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For genes that encode proteins, the non-template DNA strand is called the _____ _____
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coding or sense strand
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A category of proteins called _____ _____ recognize base sequences in the DNA and controls transcription.
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transcription factors
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Some transcription factors recognize ______ ______, while others bond directly to promoters to facilitate transcription
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regulatory sequences
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site for ribosomal binding: translation begins near this site in the mRNA. In eukaryotes, the ribosome scans the mRNA for a start codon
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ribosomal binding site
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specifies the 1st amino acid in a polypeptide sequence, usually a formylmethionine (bacteria) or a methionine (euks)
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start codon
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3-nucleotide sequences w/in the mRNA that specify particular amino acids.
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codon
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specifies the end of polypeptide synthesis
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stop codon
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