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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the result of adding a large positive number and a smaller negative number. |
The result is a smaller positive number. |
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How do you convert a fraction into a decimal? |
Divide the top by the bottom number. |
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What is the key step that must be performed in order to add or subtract unlike fraction? |
Finding the lowest common denominator. |
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How do you divide one fraction by another? |
Invert the divisor and multiply numerators together and the denominators together. |
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How can you convert a decimal into a percent? |
Multiply the decimal by 100 and add a percent sign, move the decimal point two places the the right and add a percent sign. |
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How do you convert a fraction into a percent? |
Convert it to decimal, move decimal point two places to the right and add percent sign. |
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How do you change a decimal into the nearest equivalent fraction? |
Multiply the decimal by the desired denominator. |
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What is a proportion? |
Statement of equality between two or more ratios. |
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What is meant by the root of a number? |
It's two or more equal smaller numbers that when multiplied together equal the specified number. |
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How do you find the square of a number? |
Multiply the number by itself. Example: 4x4=16, 7x7=49. |
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How is 100,000 expressed as a power of 10? |
10 to the fifth power. |
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What formula is used to find the area of a rectangle and of a triangle? |
Rectangle: length x height Triangle: base x height divided by 2. |
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Define pi? |
Relationship between circumference and diameter of a circle, 3.14 |
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Describe a trapezoid. |
Four sided figure with two parallel sides and two that or not. |
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Define matter. |
Anything that occupies space and mass. |
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Define kinetic energy. |
Energy in motion. |
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Work is the product of what two factors? |
Force and distance moved. |
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What are the parts of a level? |
A rigid bar and a pivot point, also called a fulcrum. |
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A wheelbarrow is an example of what class of level? |
Second class lever. |
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Name the three methods of heat transfer? |
Conduction, convention, radiation. |
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What term defines the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases? |
Absolute zero. |
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What are the customary units used to express hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in the United States? |
PSI, pounds per square inch. |
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Describe how pressure is transmitted when a force is applied to a confined liquid. |
Equally in all directions. |
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What formula expresses the relationship between force, pressure and area? |
FAP, force = area x pressure. |
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What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level on a standard day? |
29.92 inches of mercury. |
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On a standard day at sea level, what is the value for temperature? |
59F, 15C. |
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What are the factors that determine density altitude? |
Temperature and atmospheric pressure. |
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What are the four principle forces acting on an airplane in flight? |
Lift, Gravity, thrust, drag. |
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What is the term that describes the angle between the relative wind and the cord line of an airfoil? |
Angle of attack. |
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What are the factors that cause an airplane wing to stall? |
When airflow separates from the upper surface and becomes turbulent. |
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What are the principle effects that result from lowering the flaps while in flight? |
Lift and drag increase, stall speed decreases. |
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What is the function of a wing mounted vortex generator? |
Keeps airflow from separating from upper surface of a wing. |
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What is friction? |
Two object in contact with each other moving in opposite directions. |
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One kilowatt is equal to how many watts? |
1,000 watts. |
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What are the three elements of ohm's law? |
Voltage, current, resistance. |
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In DC circuits, what unit measures power? |
Watts. |
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DC circuits can take one of three forms or types. What are they? |
Series, parallel, complex. |
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A 24 volt lead acid battery has how many cells? |
12. |
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You must apply a correction to the specific gravity reading of the electrolyte of a lead acid battery when then temperature is outside of what two values? |
Less than 70F and more than 90F. |
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What is the reason for having desperate facilities for storing and servicing nickel cadmium and lead acid batteries? |
Prevent contamination. |
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What is the principal advantage of AC current over DC current? |
Power can be transmitted over long distances more efficiently with smaller wires. |
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What are the three causes of opposition to current flow in an AC circuit? |
Resistance, inductive reactance, capacitive reactance. |
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Define inductance. |
An induced voltage which is opposite in direction to the applied voltage. |
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How does a capacitor store electricity? |
It's stored in the form of electrostatic charge. |
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What property of an AC circuit is defined by the term "impedance"? |
Total opposition to current flow. |
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What electrical values are measured by a typical multimeter? |
Voltage, current, resistance. |
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How many views are required to represent the important details of most aircraft parts? |
I,2 or 3. |
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What is the purpose of schematic diagram? |
For troubleshooting. |
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Describe an orthographic projection. |
It's three different views top, side and front. |
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Why do manufacturers use symbols on aircraft drawing? |
Form of shorthand and are used to convey the characteristics of a component with a minimum of drawing. |
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What is the difference between an "allowance" and a "tolerance"? |
Allowance is the difference between the normal dimension and the maximum and minimum permissible sizes, Tolerance is the difference between the extreme permissible dimensions. |
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What is meant by "clearance" when used on aircraft drawings? |
Allowable dimension between two parts. |
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What information is contained in a "bill of materials"? |
List of materials and parts needed to fabricate or assemble the component shown in the drawing. |
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If all the records for an aircraft are missing, how would you determine the empty weight and empty weight CG? |
The aircraft has to be re-weighed with new paper work. |
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If a piece of the equipment such as a radio is added to an aircraft, how can you determine the effect the weight and balance without re-weighing the aircraft? |
By computation. |
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Why is control of the weight and balance of an aircraft important? |
For safety. |
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What is datum of an aircraft and what is its function? |
A vertical plane where all horizontal measurements are taken. |
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How do you determine the moment of an item of equipment? |
Multiply weight times arm. |
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What should be done to obtain a positive (plus) moment aft of the datum? |
Add weight. |
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What should be done to obtain a negative (minus) moment aft of the datum? |
Remove weight. |
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As you prepare an aircraft for weighing, you determine that there is equipment aboard that is not permanently installed and recorded on the equipment list. What should you do with this equipment? |
If not listed?, it should be removed. |
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How should you account for fuel when weighing an aircraft to determine weight and balance? |
Drain until usable fuel remains, or fill tanks and subtract usable fuel. |
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Where are leveling instructions found, and describe one method of leveling an aircraft? |
Found on type certificate data sheet, leveled with a plum bob. |
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Define the term "mean aerodynamic cord" or MAC. |
A cord drawn through the center of the wing, distance between leading edge and trailing edge. |
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Describe the two most common ways of showing the C.G. Location and/or C.G range. |
In inches from datum or in percent of MAC. |
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What is the purpose of an aircraft loading graph? |
To show how to distribute the load and to keep the CG in limits. |
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What is ballast, and why would you use it in an airplane? |
It's weight, used to bring CG in limits. |
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Installation of serial new radios in the nose of the aircraft causes the forward CG limits to be exceeded. How can you correct this problem without removing the new equipment? |
Install ballast to move CG aft. |
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How do you work harden a piece of metal? |
Cold working. |
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Describe the primary difference between s thermosetting and a thermoplastic resin. |
Thermosetting doesn't soften and chars and burns, thermoplastic becomes soft and pliable and hardens when cooled. |
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Name one of the types of resin commonly used as a matrix material for aircraft composite laminates. |
Epoxy resin. |
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What are some of the materials that are commonly used as reinforcing component in a composite structure? |
Fiberglass, Kevlar, carbon fiber. |
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What is indicated by the markings on the heads of solid shank rivets? |
Material, strength. |
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What is the grip length of a bolt? |
Unthreaded portion of the shank. |
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In what way are AN standard steel bolts identified? |
Code markings on the head. |
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For what type of applications are self locking nuts not allowed? |
When subject to rotation. |
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What is most commonly used type of aircraft control cable? |
Extra flexible 7x19 stainless steal. |
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What type of precision measuring instruments can be used to measure the outside dimensions of aircraft parts? |
Outside micrometer or vernier caliper. |
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For what reasons should a micrometer be periodically calibrated? |
If dropped, if over tightened. |
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What are two types of fluid lines commonly found in aircraft? |
Ridged, flexible. |
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Describe the method of classifying metal tubes according to size. |
According to wall thickness and outside diameter. |
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When installing stainless steel tubing, what type of fitting should be used? |
Same... Stainless. |
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Describe the two types of flares commonly used on aircraft tubing. |
Single and double flared. |
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How can you determine if a fitting is AN type rather than an AC type? |
AN have a shoulder between flare come and end of threads, AC do not. |
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What are the names of the parts of a flare less tube fitting? |
But and sleeve. |
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What is the effects of over tightening a flare type fitting? |
The seal may be damaged or flare cut off. |
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In addition to being securely clamped, what is an additional requirement for installing metal fuel, oil and hydraulic lines? |
Electrically bonded. |
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What are some of the important advantages of Teflon tubing? |
Compatible with every fluid, wide temperature range, low resistance to fluid flow. |
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Describe the identification markings commonly found on flexible hoses. |
Lay line, mil spec number, manufacturers name or symbol, size and date code. |
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How are flexible hose sizes designated? |
By inside diameter. |
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Describe the operation of quick disconnect couplings. |
Both have vales that are open when connected and spring loaded closed when not. |
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If you fabricate a replacement for a flexible hose, what percentage of the total length must be added to allow for movement under pressure? |
5 to 8%. |
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Describe the steps involved in a dye penetrant inspection. |
Clean surface, add penetrant and allowed dwell, remove penetrant, dried and apply developer, then inspected. |
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What are some of the non-destructive testing methods that may be used on aluminum parts? |
Visual, dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic. |
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A correctly made butt weld will have what bead width and how much penetration? |
3 to 5 times the thickness of base metal, 100% penetration. |
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Describe the basic steps for conducting a magnetic particle inspections. |
Magnetize part, coat surface with ferromagnetic particles, if defect is present it will form a visible pattern. |
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Is there any requirement for cleaning an aircraft prior to an annual or 100 hour inspection? |
It's common sense and it's required by the FAR part 43, appendix D. |
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What materials are commonly used as heavy duty cleaners? |
Solvents and emulsions. |
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Name at least 3 forms of corrosion. |
Fretting, galvanic, pitting, filliform. |
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Name at least one cause of filliform corrosion. |
Improper curing of primer, acidic contamination. |
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What are the signs of filliform corrosion? |
Blistering. |
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What are the visible signs of fretting corrosion? |
It has dark smoky appearance. |
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What is the best way to protect piano hinges from corrosion? |
Keep clean and lubricate. |
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What is the purpose of alodine? |
It's a chemical process that deposits a protective film on aluminum alloy. |
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What is the most general used knot for tiring down small aircraft? |
Bowline. |
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If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedures should be followed to extinguish the fire? |
Keep running engine to suck the fire. |
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What procedure should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and/or prevent a hydraulic lock in the cylinder? |
Pull prop through by hand 3 or 4 revolutions, resistance to the prop indicates possible hydraulic lock. |
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When towing an aircraft, should you use the tow vehicle or aircraft brakes to stop the aircraft? |
Tow vehicle, unless emergency, then the aircraft's. |
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What does the number 100 signify in 100LL aviation gasoline? |
Octane rating. |
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What are some of the possible outcomes of using lower grade of avgas than the specified grade? |
Engine damage by detonation, loss of engine power, overheating. |
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Part 23.973 of the FAA regulations specifies the certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings. What markings are used for reciprocating engine-powered airplanes? |
Fuel grade and the words AVGAS. |
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Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling an aircraft. |
Correct fuel, aircraft and fueling unit grounded, and damage to aircraft from hose and nozzle. |
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The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR23.1157. What markings are required by piston engine powered airplanes? |
The word "OIL" and grade. |
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Where can the standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found? |
Aeronautical information manual (AIM). |
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What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after straining a sample from the fuel sump? |
Cloudy or hazy, water slugs. |
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What federal aviation regulation prescribes the requirements for issuance of a type certificate? |
FAR part 21. |
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What part of FARs describes the airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes? |
FAR part 25. |
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What part of the FARs describes the performance characteristics that a small aircraft must demonstrate in order to be airworthy? |
FAR part 23. |
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Why are airworthiness directives issued? |
To correct unsafe conditions. |
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If a mechanic wishes to develop a checklist for an annual or 100 hour inspection, what publication contains the guidelines for the required inspection items? |
FAR part 43, appendix D. |
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How can you determine if the repair of damage is a major or minor repair? |
FAR part 43, appendix A... Defines major and minor repairs. |
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What publication might you consult for guidance when maintaining an old aircraft for which no maintenance manuals exists? |
AC 43.13-1B. |
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What publication would you consult to determine an aircraft's (or engine's or propeller's) type design and its limitations? |
Type certificate data sheet, aircraft specifications. |
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Under what circumstances is compliance with a manufacturer's service bulletin mandatory? |
When it's with an AD. |
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What kind of publications are used by aircraft manufacturers to notify owners of design defects and product improvement? |
Service bulletin,service letter, service instructions. |
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Records of major alteration must be made in what two places? |
Maintenance record, and 337. |
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When completion of FAA form 337 is required, how many copies are normally prepared and what is their distribution? |
Two signed copies, one for the owner, one to FAA flight standard within 48 hours. |
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For what period of time must an aircraft owner maintain the records of a 100 hour inspection? |
One year after inspection. |
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In what publication may a mechanic find an example of a maintenance record entry for a 100 hour inspection? |
FAR part 43.11. |
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What items must be entered into the aircraft records after maintenance is performed? |
Description of work performed and a reference, date of completion, signature, certificate number and rating. |
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What documents must be prepared when a required inspection is performed and defects are found which render the aircraft or engine unairworthy? |
List of discrepancies, unairworthy items must be furnished to owner. |
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What regulation authorizes a certificated mechanic who holds an inspection authorization to approve or disapprove a major repair or alteration? |
FAR 65.95. |
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Are there any circumstances when more than two copies of form 337 are required, and if so, when? |
Yes, 3 copies are required if fuel tanks are installed in the passenger or baggage compartment. |
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How do regulations define "time in service" in regard to maintenance record entries? |
It begins when the plane leaves the surface of the earth and until landing. |
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What persons are authorized to make the required maintenance entry approving the return to service after a progressive inspection is performed at a location other than the aircraft's home base? |
Certificated mechanic, repair station, aircraft manufacturer. |
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What is the difference between the terms "overhauled" and "rebuilding" as as they pertain to aircraft engine maintenance records? |
"Overhauled" engines must be approved technical data, "rebuilt" engines must be tested to the same limits as new engines. |
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When performing an inspection required by FAR part 91, what rotorcraft system must be inspected in accordance with the manufacturer's maintenance manual or instructions for continued airworthiness? |
Drive shaft, main rotor gearbox,main rotor head, auxiliary rotor. |
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What publication should a mechanic consult to determine if a repair is considered major or minor? |
FAR part 43, appendix A. |
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Where in the FARs will you find the certification requirements for mechanics? |
FAR part 65. |
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What type of work may a certificated mechanic perform? |
Maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations. |
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What are the requirements for recent experience in order to exercise the privileges of your mechanic's certificate or rating? |
Must have worked as a mechanic for at least 6 months in the past 24 months. |
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What are the privileges of an A&P mechanic regarding inspections? |
Mechanic can approve for return to service an airframe or engine following a 100 hour inspection. |
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What is the duration of a airmanship certificate? |
120 days. |
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What are the requirements as an aircraft mechanic when you have a change of address? |
Notify FAA within 30 days. |
