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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-from Greek: oikos "household" and logos , "knowledge". - study of the interaction between organism and environment. |
Ecology |
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-includes all living organism living in an area (in the form of bacteria, plants, and animals) and the physical environment (that includes water, soil and climate) with which these organism interact. |
Ecosystem |
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-is the study of the interactions among the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment. |
Environmental Science |
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Can be defined as an undesirable addition of constituents to water, land, or air which adversely affect human life, species, living resources. |
Pollution |
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refers to any physical, chemical and biological change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dustand smoke which affect the plant, animals , and human drastically. |
Air Pollution |
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I T S M A I N S O U R C E I S F U E L C O M B I N A T I O N F R O M E N G I N E S A N D V E H I C L E S . I T R E D U C E S T H E A M O U N T O F O X Y G E N , A G G R A V A T E H E A R T D I S E A S E , C H E S T P A I N . |
Carbon Monoxide |
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I T R E L E A S E F R O M M E T A L R E F I N E R I E S A N D O T H E R M E T A L I N D U S T R I E S , W A S T E I N C I N E R A T O R S . I T I M P A C T S O N O U R N E R V O U S S Y S T E M , R E S U L T I N I Q L O S S , C A R D I O V A S C U L A R A N D R E N A L E F F E C T S I N A D U L T , E F F E C T S R E L A T E D T O A N E M I A . |
Lead |
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I T R E L E A S E I N E N V I R O N M E N T D U E T O F U E L C O M B U S T I O N , W O O D B U R N I N G . I T ' S M A I N L Y I M P A C T O U R L U N G , L U N G D I S E A S E S L E A D I N G T O R E S P I R A T O R Y S Y M P T O M S I N C R E A S E SS U S C E P T I B I L I T Y T O R E S P I R A T O R Y I N F E C T I O N |
Nitrogen oxide |
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I T R E L E A S E D U E T O F U E L C O M B U S T I O N A S W E L L A S N A T U R A L O C C U R R E N C E S L I K E V O L C A N O E S . I T C A U S E S A S T H M A A N D B R E A T H I N G D I F F I C U L T Y . |
Sulfur Dioxide |
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Effect of Water Pollution |
1.Death of aquatic animals. 2. Irrigation by polluted wateraffect plants resulting in yellowishcoloration and defoliation. 3. Diseases- hepatitis, cholera,typhoid, jaundice, diarrhea andskin diseases. 4. Disruption of food chains.Destruction of ecosystems. |
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the collection, processing, andrecycling or deposition of waste material ofhuman society. |
Waste Disposal |
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is a type of landdegradation in dry lands inwhich biological productivity islost due to natural processes orinduced by human activitieswhere by fertile areas becomeincreasingly more arid. |
Desertification |
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if there are too much animals that that are overgrazing incertain spots it makes it difficult for the plant grow back, which hunts thebiome and make it loss its former green glory. |
Overgrazing |
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wood extraction, and infrastructure expansion such asroad building and urbanization, then it contributing to problems relatedto desertification. |
Deforestation |
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some farmers do not know how to use the landeffectively. They may essentially strips the land of everything that it hasbefore moving the another plot of land. |
Farming Practice |
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inorganic, transparent, tasteless,odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is themain constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of allknown living organisms. |
Water |
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Thecontamination of water sources by substance makes the water unusable fordrinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Pollutants includechemical ,trash,bacteria,and parasites.All form of pollution eventually maketheir way to water. |
Water Pollutants |
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s therelease of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially themarine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. |
Oil Spill |
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isa type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people. It is typicallytransportedthrough a sewer system. |
Sewage |
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fromfacilities that create nuclear energy can be extremely hazardous to theenvironment and must be disposed of properly. |
Radioactive Waste |
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aims to protectthe country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industriesand commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). |
The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275) |
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Act prohibits of 9275 |
1.Dischargingor depositing any water pollutant to the water body, or such which will impedenatural flow in the water body 2.Discharging,injecting or allowing to enter into the soil, anything that would pollutegroundwater 3.Operatingfacilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without the valid requiredpermits 4.Disposalof potentially infectious medical waste into sea by vessels 5.Unauthorizedtransport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid waste. |
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Power derived from the utilization ofphysical or chemical resources,especially to provide light and heat orto work machines. |
Energy |
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are limitedin supply and cannot be usedsustainably. There are four major typesof nonrenewable resources: oil,natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy.Oil, natural gas, and coal arecollectively called fossil fuels. |
Non-renewable |
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Oil is originally found as a solidmaterial between layers ofsedimentary rock, like shale. Thismaterial is heated in order to producethe thick oil that can be used to makegasoline. |
Crude Oil |
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is usually found inpockets above oil deposits. It canalso be found in sedimentary rocklayers that don’t contain oil. Naturalgas is primarily made up ofmethane. |
natural gas |
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a material usually found insedimentary rock deposits whererock and dead plant and animalmatter are piled up in layers. Morethan 50 percent of a piece of coal’sweight must be from fossilizedplants |
Coal |
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energy in thenucleus, or core, of an atom.Nuclear energy can be used tocreate electricity, but it must firstbe released from the atom. In theprocess of nuclear fission, atoms aresplit to release that energy. |
Nuclear Energy |
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The wind, the sun, and Earth aresources of renewable energy. Theseenergy sources naturally renew, orreplenish themselves. Some examplesof renewable energy are solar energy,hydropower, wind energy, geothermalenrgy and biomass energy |
Renewable Energy |
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uses the sun’s light andheat to generate renewable or ‘green’power. The most common form ofsolar energy is harnessed by solarpanels, or photovoltaic cells. |
Solar Energy |
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renewable source ofenergy that consists of organicmaterial that comes from plantsand animals. Biomass containsstored energy from the sun andwhen burned the energy is releasedas heat. Different kinds of biomasssuch as corn, wood chips, logs, barkand even garbage is used toproduce electricity. |
Biomass |
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renewable source of energy thatgenerates power by using a dam ordiversion structure to alter the naturalflow of a river or other body of water. |
Hydropower |
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Fission occurs when a neutron slamsinto a larger atom, forcing it to exciteand split into two smaller atoms—alsoknown as fission products. Additionalneutrons are also released that caninitiate a chain reaction. When eachatom splits, a tremendous amount ofenergy is released. |
Nuclear Fisson |
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is the effect caused by undesirable changes inour surroundings that have harmful impacts on plants, animals, and humanbeings. |
Environmental Pollutants |
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the uppermost region of Earth'satmosphere as it gradually fades into the vacuum of space. The air in theexosphere is extremely thin - in many ways it is almost the same as the airlessvoid of outer space. |
Exosphere |
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directly abovethe mesosphere and below the exosphere. |
Thermospere |
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is a layer of Earth'satmosphere. The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere andbelow the thermosphere. It extends from about 50 to 85 km (31 to 53 miles)above our planet. |
Mesosphere |
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Ozone anunusual type of oxygen molecule that is relatively abundant in thestratosphere, heats this layer as it absorbs energy from incoming ultravioletradiation from the Sun. |
Stratosphere |
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is the lowest layerof Earth's atmosphere.Most of the mass (about 75-80%) of the atmosphere is in the troposphere. Mosttypes of clouds are found in the troposphere, and almost all weather occurswithin this layer. The troposphere is by far the wettest layer of theatmosphere (all of the other layers contain very little moisture). |
Troposphere |
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•microorganisms,plants and animals (including humans) - are its biological community |
Living part of ecosystem |
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•-is a group of potentially interbreeding and interacting individuals of the samespecies living in the same place at the same time. |
Population |
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•isthe statistical analysis and description of population aggregates withreference to the distribution, age, sex and related factors. |
Demography |
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size of the population per unit of space |
density |
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•(Birthrate) it is the natural ability of a population to grow in number. |
Natality |
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•Deathrate) is the decrease in population due to death of individuals. |
Mortality |
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•itdescribes how the total population of a country is divided into different agegroups starting from the youngest to the oldest individuals. |
Age Distribution |
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•itis the inherent ability of a given population group to reproduce and tosurvive. |
Biotic Potential |
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•itrefers to the movement of people/species into or out of a particular place at agiven time. |
Population Dispersal |
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•itdescribes how the total population of a place is dispersed. |
Pattern Distribution |
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•Theability of animals to migrate or of seeds to disperse to similar habitats inother regions •Theability to adapt to and invade new habitats in addition to the one originallyoccupied •Defensemechanisms •Resistance to adverse conditions and disease |
BIOTIC POTENTIALS Factorsthat influence population growth and geographic distribution |
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AbioticFactors •unfavorabletemperature •amountof available water parasites pH •salinity |
BioticFactors •predators •parasites •diseaseorganisms •lackof sufficient food |
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•-Number of individuals per unit area. |
Population Density |
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Describes where the population is found,such as even or clumped. |
Spatial Dispersal |
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•Movementof individuals into new areas. |
Dispersal |
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•(Births+ Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration) |
Population Change |
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birthsper 1000 people in population per year |
Crude Birth rate |
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deaths per 1000 people in population peryear |
Crude Death Rate |
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•Numberof children a woman has during her lifetime, averaged for population. |
Total Fertility Rate |
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•Numberof children needed to replace everyone in the population. •variesbetween regions •withlow infant mortality •withhigh infant mortality |
Replacement Level fertility |
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•Relativenumber of males and females in a population |
Sex ratio |
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•Numberof individuals of each age in a population |
Age Distribution |
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•Severalfactors determine the impact of a society on natural resources. •Populationsize •Populationdensity •Degreeof technological development |
Human Population Isssue |
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•Childrenin Labor Force •Costof raising and educating children •Urbanization•Educationand employment for women •Infantmortality rate•Average marrying age •Abortion•Availabilityof birth control |
Factors Affecting Birth Rates and Total FertilityRates |
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•Earlymarriages foster high fertility rates. •Lackof education opportunities for women reduces their options. •Whenlevel of education increases, fertility rates fall. •Themost important factor is the ability of women to control the size of theirfamily. •Accessto birth control is key. |
Major social factor determining family size is therole of women in society. |
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•Traditionallove for large families •Fatalisticattitude (bahala na;GOD will provide) •Sexquestions ( e.g. when all children are girls, parents wants to have another,but a baby boy. •Themacho image – a value prevalent to males•Ineffectivefamily planning program •RomanCatholic Church disagreement with certain family planning methods •TheOther factors: absence of electricity in rural areas, no forms ofentertainment, and use of mosquito nets. |
Causes of Rapid Population Growth in the Philippines |
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•Economicproblems (increased unemployment, inflation) •Socialproblems (poverty, crimes, drug addiction, juvenile delinquency, suicides, andprostitutions) •Environmentalproblems ( congestions, pollution: land, air, water, noise) •Health problems (communicable diseases and epidemics, ineffective andinsufficient health and medical services, and malnutrition) |
Population boom leads to; |
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•Lossof crop land, forest land, and wetlands•Fragmentingfish and wildlife habitats •Increasedimpervious surfaces means more flooding and soil erosion •Largerecological footprint |
Undesirable Impacts of Urban Sprawl |
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•Familyplanning •Improve healthcare • Elevate thestatus of women •Increaseeducation •Involve men inparenting •Reduce poverty •Sustainability |
Cutting Global Population Growth |
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is a process in which groundwaterids extracted in excess of the equilibrium yield of the aquifer that is pumping orthe excessive pulling up of groundwater from underground aquifers. Itsdepletion causes desertification. |
Over drafting of Groundwater |
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play a huge role in desertification. As the daysget warmer and periods of drought become more frequent, desertificationbecomes more and more eminent. Unless climate change is slowed down, hugeareas of land will become desert. |
Climate Change |
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involves water crisis, water shortage, waterdeficit or water stress. Water scarcity can be due to physicalwater scarcity and economic water scarcity. |
Water Scarcity |
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industries frequentlydispose of their industrial garbage into near byriver and lakes since it is an easy and cheapway to get rid of this waste. It leads to seriouswater pollution, which may result in severalwater scarcity for their local people. |
Illegal Dumping |
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is, in short, an areaespecially hot and dry, which is not gettingenough rainfall to be able to sustain the lifethat is residing there. |
Drought |
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be define asspecies that is very likely to be extinct innear future. The number of endangeredspecies has dramatically risen over time.As of 2020, there are 6,811 species thatare considered to be critically endangered. |
endangered species |
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is the unusually rapid increase inearth's average temperature over the past centuryprimarily due to the greenhouse gases released bypeople burning fossil fuels. Global warming occurswhen carbon dioxide |
Global Warming |
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Human activity influences global warming: ·First issue is industrial revolution. Industrial have been usingfossil fuels for power machines. Everything that we use isinvolved in fossil fuel. |
Carbon Concentration |
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believes that there is an unlimitednumber of resources on earth. Resources can befound elsewhere if they run out in one place. |
frontier Ethics (whollyanthropocentric (human-centered). |
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an environmental ethic by which people treat theearth as if its resources are limited. This ethic ispredicated on the notion that the earth's resources arefinite and that people must utilize and conserveresources in a way that will ensure their ongoing usagein the future. |
Sustainable Ethics |
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The earth has a limited supply of resources.• Humans must conserve resources.• Humans share the earth’s resources with other livingthings.• Growth is not sustainable.Humans are a part of nature.• Humans are affected by natural laws.• Humans succeed best when they maintain theintegrity of natural processes sand cooperate withnature. |
Sustainable Ethics Includes Following Tenets |
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ARE THESTANDARDS OR BENCHMARKSAGAINST WHICH WE CAN EVALUATEOUR ACTIONS; SIGNPOSTS TOORIENT US TOWARD THEDIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIGHT ANDWRONG, ESPECIALLY INCONDITIONS WHERE THERE AREMULTIPLE PROBLEMS, AND THEINTERESTS OF MORE THAN ONEPARTY |
Ethical Principles |
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1. THOU SHALT LOVE AND HONOR THE EARTH,FOR IT BLESSES THY LIFE AND GOVERNS THY SURVIVAL.2. THOU SHALT KEEP EACH DAY SACRED TO THE EARTHAND CELEBRATE THE TURNING OF ITS SEASONS. 3. THOU SHALT NOT HOLD THYSELF ABOVE OTHER LIVINGTHINGSNOR DRIVE THEM TO EXTINCTION. 4. THOU SHALT GIVE THANKS FOR THY FOODTO THE CREATURES AND PLANTS THAT NOURISH THEE. 5. THOU SHALT LIMIT THY OFFSPRINGFOR MULTITUDES OF PEOPLE ARE A BURDEN UNTO THE EARTH. |
Earth's Ten Commandments |
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6. THOU SHALT NOT KILLnor waste Earth's riches upon weapons of war. 7. Thou shalt not pursue profit at the Earth's expense,but strive to restore ITS damaged majesty. 8. Thou shalt not hide from thyself or othersthe consequences of thy actions upon the Earth. 9. Thou shalt not steal from future generationsby IMPOVERISHING or poisoning the Earth. 10. Thou shalt consume material goods in moderationso all may share Earth's bounty. |
Earth's Ten Commandments |
