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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What the components of a balanced diet? |
Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water
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Why does your body need carbohydrates?
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Carbohydrates give the required energy |
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Why does your body need fats?
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Fats is used to provide insulation and as an energy store
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Why does your body need proteins?
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Protein is used for growth and repair
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Why does your body need vitamins and
minerals? |
To enable the body to work healthily and to prevent deficiency diseases
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Name two side effects of over eating
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Overweight/obesity/ increased BMI. Type 2 diabetes. High blood pressure. Cardiovascular disease. High cholesterol. Arthritis. |
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Describe how daily exercise helps a person to loose mass |
Exercise increases metabolic rate Exercise uses more energy This energy comes from the food This results in less energy converted into fat. |
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What is metabolic rate?
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Metabolic rate is the rate of chemical reactions in our cells |
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Why do men have a higher metabolic rate?
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Men have a higher proportion of muscle to fat than women
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Describe two factors that affect the
metabolic rate. |
Amount of physical activity. The proportion of muscle to fat in our body. The higher the proportion higher the metabolic rate
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Give two inherited factors that can affect your health. |
Metabolic rate. Cholesterol level |
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When does a person become over weight? |
When the energy content of the food is more than the energy used in daily life |
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Name 4 health problems linked to obesity |
Arthritis. Type2 diabetes. High blood pressure. Heart disease.
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State two ways a person can lose mass.
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Reduce the amount of energy by reducing the intake of energy-rich foods. Increase the amount of exercise thereby using up more energy. |
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How does exercise makes a person healthier?
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It increases the amount of energy used by the body. It increases the proportion of muscle to fat
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Define malnourished |
Lack of a balanced diet |
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Why do you need cholesterol in your body? |
To form our cell membranes . To make important hormones.
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What are the risks of eating a diet rich in fat
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High cholesterol levels. Increased risk of heart disease. |
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What are pathogens?
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Organisms that cause disease
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Name two pathogens
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Virus. Bacteria
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How do viruses cause illness? |
Viruses enter the body cells damage cells
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How do bacteria cause illness?
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Bacteria produce toxins and damage the cells
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Give two reasons why pathogens make us feel ill.
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Pathogens produce toxins. Pathogens damage cells
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State three ways by which white blood cells protect us against pathogens
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Produce antibodies. Produce antitoxins. Engulf pathogens. |
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What is antibody?
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These are the substances made by white blood cells to kill the pathogens |
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What is a pandemic? |
A disease affecting people in many countries |
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What is an antibiotic? |
A medicine used to kill bacteria |
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Why will antibiotics not get rid of flu? |
Antibiotics only kill bacteria and flu is a virus |
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Name a medicine that will relieve symptoms of flu
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Painkillers
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Give one reason why antibiotics should not be overused
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Overuse of antibiotics might speed up the development of resistant strains of bacteria
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Describe how antibiotic-resistant strains develop. |
There exists a variation in the bacteria population. Most bacteria are killed by the antibiotics. Some bacteria survive the antibiotics. These antibiotic-resistant strains breed and produce more antibiotic-resistant bacteria |
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Why are MRSA strains difficult to treat?
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MRSA strains are resistant to antibiotics
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What is a vaccine?
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Vaccine contains the dead/inactive form of the pathogen
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Explain how vaccination makes a person immune to a disease
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The dead or inactive form of the pathogen is injected in the body. This stimulates the white blood cells to produce antibodies. The pathogen is killed by these antibodies. If the person is infected by this pathogen again in future the antibodies are produced quickly. |
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Name one advantage of vaccinating a larger proportion of the population against a disease? |
It reduces the spread of infection |
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Name the three diseases that the MMR vaccine protects people against |
Measles. Mumps. Rubella.
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Describe the aseptic techniques used to grow microorganisms |
Sterilise petri dish that is used to grow microorganisms. The nutrient agar which will provide their food must be sterilised. This will kill of any unwanted microorganisms. Inoculate the sterile agar with the microorganisms that you want to grow. Seal the petri dish and incubate at 25 degrees C to allow the microorganisms to grow. |