Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The science of health and its maintanance is called ____.
|
Hygiene
|
|
The self-care by which people attend to ADL's is called_____.
|
Personal hygiene.
|
|
The largest organ of the body
|
The skin
|
|
These sweat glands are largely in the axillae and anogenital areas.
|
Appocrine glands
|
|
These sweat glands are of little use in thermoregulation
|
Appocrine glands
|
|
Another name for sweat glands
|
Sudoriferous glands
|
|
This type of sweat glands are the most numerous type and are important to thermoregulation
|
Eccrine glands
|
|
Sweat is made up of:
|
H2O, Na, K, Cl, glucose, urea, and lactate
|
|
Important considerations determination of type of bath for client includes:
|
Client's balance, ability to sit unsupported, activity tolerance, coordination, muscle strength, ROM, vision, cognitive funcitoning, and the client's preferences
|
|
What are the effects of sebum on the integument?
|
-Softens and lubricates skin and hair
-Thermal insulation -Bacteriocidal action -Prevents water loss when humidity is low |
|
These diseases make client's more prone to infection of the feet because of reduced peripheral circulation to the feet.
|
Diabetes and peripheral vascular disease
|
|
Another name for athlete's foot
|
Tinea pedis
|
|
Keratosis caused by friction and pressure from a shoe
|
Corn
|
|
True or False? Clients with diabetes should soak their feet frequently to hydrate them and put lotion between their toes.
|
False
Soaking dries skin out. Furthermore, they should avoid putting lotion between toes and should avoid using perfumed lotion. |
|
Plantar warts are caused by what? They are located where on the body?
|
-The virus papovavirus hominis
-On the sole of the feet |
|
List 7 treatment considerations for clients with dry skin.
|
-use cleansing creams instead of soaps or detergents
-use bath oils - use moisturizing or emollient creams -thoroughly rinse soap and detergent from skin if used -increase fluid intake -humidify air with humidifier or keep a tub or sink of water full -bathe less frequently when temp and humidity are low |
|
When preparing a client for peri-genital care, what preparations must be made?
|
-provide privacy
-explain what you are going to do and why -wash hands, don gloves -place bath towel under hips -position and drape client -clean inner thighs -assess peri-genital area for lesions, swelling or other deviations from normal appearance |
|
another name for diaper rash
|
ammonia dermatitis
|
|
when should oils and lotions be applied and why?
|
ater a bath, not during because the oils make the tub slippery and contribute to falls
|
|
The purpose of a therapeutic bath is what?
|
to soothe irritated skin or to treat an area with medication added to the water
|
|
a therapeutic bath is usually taken in what?
the water is usually around what temperature? |
-a tub one-third to one-half full
-around 100-115 degrees F for adults; 105 degrees F for an infant |
|
A visible, hard deposit of plaque and dead bacteria that forms at the gum line
|
Tartar
|
|
Red swollen gingiva
|
gingivitis
|
|
Another name for dental cavities
|
dental caries
|
|
another name for gum disease
|
periodontal disease
|
|
Advanced periodontal disease is known as_____, and is characterized by_____and______.
|
-pyorrhea
-pus in the gums; loose teeth |
|
Periodontal disease is characterized by_____(4 conditions)
|
-gingivitis
-bleeding -receding gum lines -formation of pockets between teeth and gums |
|
Teeth usually first appear at what age?
|
5-8 months old
|
|
Putting an infant to bed with a bottle of sugar water, formula, milk, or juice might cause what?
|
Baby-bottle syndrome (the decay of all upper teeth and lower-posterior teeth
|
|
By what age do children usually have all 20 temporary teeth?
|
2 years old
|
|
How many permanent teeth are there?
By what age do most people have all of them? |
-32
-25 years old |
|
True or false? Loss of teeth usually occurs because of dental caries.
|
False.
Loss of teeth usually occur because of periodontal disease rather than dental caries. |
|
True or false? The incidence of peiodontal disease increases with pregnancy.
|
True. The rise in female hormornes affects gingival tissue and increases its reaction to bacterial plaque.
|
|
Another name for the gums
|
gingiva
|
|
An invisible, soft film that adheres to the surface of teeth
|
plaque
|
|
What does plaque consist of?
|
bacteria, saliva, remnants of epithelial cells and leukocytes
|
|
Clients at an increased risk or dry oral mucosa include:
|
-those with nasogastric tubes or receiving O2 because they tend to breath through the mouth
-Older adults because of decreased saliva production -Those taking medications which cause dry mouth -Those who've received radiation treatment because the treatment may damags saliva glands -smokers -alcohol use -anxiety -high salt intake |
|
What are some possible risk factors for oral problems?
|
-lack of knowledge
-inability to perform oral hygiene -recent oral or jaw surgery -inadequate nutrition -excessive intake of refined sugar -family history -those with dry oral mucosa |
|
Damage to teeth and jaw structures caused by radiation may occur how long after exposure?
|
years after exposure
|
|
What is stomatitis?
|
Inflammation of the oral mucosa
|
|
What is parotitis?
|
Inflammation of the parotid salivary glands
|
|
What is sordes?
|
Accumulation of foul matter in the mouth
|
|
What is cheilosis?
|
cracking of lips
|
|
What is glossitis?
|
Inflammation of the tongue
|
|
What is halitosis?
|
bad breath
|
|
conditions which indicate a nursing diagnosis of "impaired oral mucous membrane"
|
-coated tongue
-dry mouth -dental caries -halitosis -gingivitis -oral plaque -pain or discomfort -erythema -lesions or ulcers -decreased or lack of salivation |
|
three nursing diagnoses which apply to oral hygiene
|
-Self-Care Deficit
-Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane -Deficient Knowledge |
|
why should those who wear dentures be encouraged to use them?
|
those who do not wear them are prone to shrinkage of the gums which results in further tooth loss.
|
|
The emergence of permanent teeth is guided by what?
|
deciduous teeth
|
|
abnormally placed or lost deciduous teeth can lead to ______.
|
misalignment of permanent teeth
|
|
True or false? Hydrogen peroxide is recommended for use in oral care.
|
False. H2O2 irritates healthy oral mucosa and may alter the microflora of the mouth.
|
|
Describe Fowler's postition.
|
semisitting position in which the head of the bed is raised at least 45 degrees. knees may be flexed or horizontal.
|
|
Describe Trendelenburg's position.
|
Head of bed is lowered and the foot raised in a straight incline.
|
|
Describe Semi-Fowler's position.
|
Head of bed raised 30 degrees.
|
|
True or false? you should hold dirty linens close to your body as a measure of proper body mechanics.
|
False. Hold dirty linens away from your uniform
|
|
Why would you keep the bed in a low postition?
|
to make it easy for the patient to get in and out of bed.
|
|
water used for a shampoo should be at what temp?
|
105 degrees F
|
|
the main disadvantages of dry shampoo are?
|
they dry the hair and the scalp
|
|
What determines the direction of blade in shaving?
|
The hair growth. Shave with the direction of hair growth.
|
|
At what angle should you hold the razor blade when shaving?
|
45 degrees in regards to the skin
|
|
Which clients usually require special hygiene of the eyes?
|
unconscious clients and those recovering from eye surgery or eye injuries, irritations or infections
|
|
3 effects of combing hair
|
-stimulates blood circulation to the scalp
-distributes hair oils and provides a sheen -increases sense of well-being by arranging hair |
|
a client with long hair should have hair brushed how often?
|
at least once per day
|
|
True or false? The shafts of curly and kinky hair have more strength than those of straight hair.
|
False. Straight hair is stronger than curly or kinky hair.
|
|
Many African American people have hair that is naturally curly and can become matted in this amount of time
|
in just 8 hours
|
|
the best type of instrument to stimulate circulation while brushing hair
|
a brush with stiff bristles
|
|
how often should an infant's hair be shampooed?
|
daily to prevent seborrhea
|
|
when cleaning the eyes, you should clean in which direction?
|
from the inner to outer canthus
|
|
hard contact lenses shouldn't be left in for more than?
|
no more than 12 to 14 hours
|
|
to remove hard contact lenses, they must be positioned where?
|
directly over cornea
|
|
Another name for earwax
|
cerumen
|
|
True or False? A cotton-tipped applicator should be used to remove cerumen.
|
False. Use no objects to remove cerumen. It can be loosed by moving the auricle up and back or by irrigation.
|
|
when talking about a mattress, what are "lugs"
|
handles on the sides of the mattress
|
|
True or False? You should not shake soiled linen in the air.
|
True. Shaking can disseminate microorganisms.
|
|
What are bed cradles used for?
|
To keep the top bedclothes off the feet, legs, and even abdomen of the client.
|
|
What are the 5 major functions of the skin?
|
-protect the underlying tissue
-sebum secretion -regulate temperature -transmit sensations -vitamin D production and absorption |
|
when do infants usually develop nails?
|
nails are usually present at birth
|
|
how often might a client be bathed who has very dry skin?
|
bathing is limited to once or twice per week for those with very dry skin because bathing dries the skin out more.
|
|
a bath which uses a quick-drying solution containing a disinfectant, a cleaning agent, and a softening agent which dries quickly and doesn't require drying
|
a "towel bath"
|
|
washclothes in a bag with a nonrinsable claner and water which is warmed in microwave and used to give this type of bath
|
a "bag bath"
|
|
vigorous rubbing or a warm bath have this effect on a person
|
stimulation of circulation
|
|
rub the skin this way to fascilitate venous return in extremities
|
long smooth strokes from distal to proximal end of limb
|
|
this is used instead of soap for those allergic to soap
|
detergent
|