Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The ingredient list for this Pumpkin Pie Quest Bar® includes soluble corn fiber.Soluble corn fiber is a _____________ fiber. a. dietary apple b. functional egg c. lignin d. natural |
b. functional egg |
|
|
Which of these ingredients in Activia® Peach & CerealLowfat Yogurt cannot be digested? a. corn starch b. inulin c. reduced fat milk d. sugar |
b. insulin |
|
|
One of four “nutrients of concern” identified by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines forAmericans a. amylose b. dietary fiber c. protein d. riboflavin |
b. dietary fiber |
|
|
Adequate Intake (AI) values for dietary fiber are based on intakes linked to theprevention of ________________. a. colon cancer b. heart disease c. obesity d. type 2 diabetes |
b. heart disease |
|
|
Adequate Intake (AI) values for dietary fiber are based on intakes linked to theprevention of ________________. a. colon cancer b. heart disease c. obesity d. type 2 diabetes |
d. type 2 diabetes |
|
|
In teens, lower fiber intakes are linked to a. inflammation. b. metabolic syndrome. c. visceral (belly) fat. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
Which is NOT an excellent source of insoluble fiber? a. almonds b. applesauce c. bran d. sunflower seeds |
b. applesauce |
|
|
This measurement is used to screen for excess visceral (belly) fat. a. bioelectrical impedance b. skinfold thickness c. underwater weighing d. waist circumference |
d. waist circumference |
|
|
This carbohydrate does not require digestion before it can be absorbed in the small intestine. a. fiber b. glucose c. lactose d. maltose |
b. glucose |
|
|
Your ____________ secretes amylase needed to digest starch. a. gallbladder b. liver c. pancreas d. stomach |
c. pancreas |
|
|
In response to high blood glucose levels after a meal, your pancreas secretes a. glucagon. b. insulin. c. ketones. d. leptin. |
b. insulin |
|
|
Your ____________ removes excess glucose arriving from the small intestineand stores it as glycogen. a. gallbladder b. liver c. muscle d. pancreas |
b. liver |
|
|
When blood glucose levels fall overnight or between meals, new glucose is produced from noncarbohydrates by your ____________. a. gallbladder b. liver c. muscle d. pancreas |
b. liver |
|
|
In response to a drop in blood glucose levels between meals, your pancreas secretes a. glucagon. b. insulin. c. ketones. d. leptin. |
a. glucagon |
|
|
If your diet is severely deficient in carbohydrates, you will develop ____________due to a change in fat metabolism. a. fatty liver b. gallstones c. glycogen storage disease d. ketosis |
d. ketosis |
|
|
If your diet is deficient in carbohydrates, amino acids for the production of glucose will be supplied by the breakdown of ____________ in blood and tissues. a. fats b. ketone bodies c. proteins d. pyruvate |
c. proteins |
|
|
An important energy source for your brain a. amino acids b. fatty acids c. fructose d. glucose |
d. glucose |
|
|
Side effects of ketosis include a. fruity smell on the breath. b. headache c. suppressed hunger. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
A Harvard study described in class found that animal-based low-carb diets werelinked to increased risks of a. dying from cancer. b. dying from heart disease. c. overall death. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
A healthy (moderately) low-carb approach to weight loss a. Choose healthy carbs such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. b. Choose healthy proteins such as legumes, nuts, lean meats, fish, and poultry. c. Substitute healthy fats such as unsaturated vegetable oils for saturated fat and trans fat. d. all of the above |
d. all of the above |
|
|
These do NOT count as a plant source of protein. a. black-eyed peas b. chickpeas c. green peas d. split peas |
c. green peas |
|
|
About 1 out of every _____ people in the U.S. has diabetes. a. 4 b. 6 c. 11 d. 20 |
c. 11 |
|
|
People who have diabetes are at higher risk of serious complications including a. blindness. b. heart disease. c. stroke. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
This is an autoimmune disease. a. gestational diabetes b. prediabetes c. type 1 diabetes d. type 2 diabetes |
c. type 1 diabetes |
|
|
The most common form of diabetes in children and teens a. gestational diabetes b. prediabetes c. type 1 diabetes d. type 2 diabetes |
c. type 1 diabetes |
|
|
This form of diabetes always begins with the pancreas secreting less insulin. a. gestational diabetes b. prediabetes c. type 1 diabetes d. type 2 diabetes |
c. type 1 diabetes |
|
|
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include a. central obesity. b. family history of type 2 diabetes. c. having diabetes while pregnant. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
Insulin resistance is characterized by loss of sensitivity to insulin by a. fat cells. b. liver cells. c. muscle cells. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
When insulin binds to its receptor on the cell surface, ectopic fat is believed to a. be converted into glucose. b. block the signal that causes the cell to take up glucose. c. stimulate the release of glucose into the bloodstream. d. trigger the breakdown of glycogen. |
b. block the signal that causes the cell to take up the glucose |
|
|
When a person with type 1 diabetes does not take insulin, ketone bodies accumulate to dangerous levels in the blood. What is the source of the ketone bodies? a. amino acids b. fat c. glucagon d. peptides |
b. fat |
|
|
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects about _____ percent of the U.S. population. a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 30 |
d. 30 |
|
|
_____________ has/have been shown to make fatty livers more sensitive toinsulin. a. High carbohydrate diets b. Insulin injections c. Modest weight loss d. Low fiber diets |
c. Modest weight loss |
|
|
As described in a video shown in class, researchers compared various treatmentsin overweight teens who had type 2 diabetes. What did they find? a. Teens did not respond as well as adults to a common oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. b. Teens responded as well as adults to a common oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. c. Teens responded better than adults to a common oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. d. Teens responded better than adults to lifestyle changes (diet and weight loss) used to treat type 2 diabetes. |
a. Teens did not respond as well as adults to a common oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. |
|
|
The type of fat removed by liposuction a. ectopic b. omental c. subcutaneous d. visceral (belly) fat |
c. subcutaneous |
|
|
Which is most common in U.S. adults? a. gestational diabetes b. prediabetes c. type 1 diabetes d. type 2 diabetes |
b. prediabetes |
|
|
_____ out of 10 people with prediabetes do not know they have it. a. 1 b. 3 c. 6 d. 9 |
d. 9 |
|
|
Prediabetes increases the risk of a. heart disease. b. stroke. c. type 2 diabetes. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
The A1C test measures the attachment of glucose to a. albumin. b. collagen. c. hemoglobin. d. insulin receptors. |
c. hemoglobin |
|
|
An advantage of using the A1C test compared to fasting plasma glucose levelwhen screening for prediabetes a. The A1C test identifies prediabetes versus type 2 diabetes. b. The A1C test indicates average blood glucose levels over previous months. c. The A1C test measures the response to an oral glucose challenge. d. The A1C test must be performed by a physician. |
b. The A1C test indicates average blood glucose levels over previous months. |
|
|
When combined with modest weight loss, _____ minutes per day of moderatephysical activity is often effective in preventing prediabetes from progressing totype 2 diabetes. a. 15 b. 30 c. 45 d. 60 |
b. 30 |
|
|
To prevent type 2 diabetes a. adopt a physically active lifestyle. b. avoid refined carbohydrates. c. lose at least a modest amount of excess weight. d. all of the above. |
To prevent type 2 diabetes a. adopt a physically active lifestyle. b. avoid refined carbohydrates. c. lose at least a modest amount of excess weight. d. all of the above. |
|
|
The order of amino acids in a protein is based on instructions contained in a. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), b. peroxisomes. c. proteasomes. d. ribosomes. |
a. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), |
|
|
Protein quality is a measure of how good a protein in a food is at providing the______________ amino acids the body needs to make proteins. a. conditionally essential b. dispensable c. essential d. nonessential |
c. dispensable |
|
|
This plant protein has high quality similar to that of the proteins in egg or milk. a. chickpea b. kidney bean c. peanut d. quinoa |
d. quinoa |
|
|
In rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa, protein is often provided primarily by asingle plant source such as corn meal. Such diets do not meet requirements for____________ amino acids. a. conditionally essential b. dispensable c. essential d. nonessential |
c. essential |
|
|
When estimating portion sizes, a deck of cards represents about _____ ounces of meat. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 |
c. 3 |
|
|
In a study of over 500,000 members of AARP, those who ate the most red meat had about a 30% higher rate of ____________ compared with those who ate the least. a. cancer b. death c. heart attack d. type 2 diabetes |
b. death |
|
|
The World Health Organization recently declared that processed meats cause a. colon cancer. b. heart disease. c. obesity. d. type 2 diabetes. |
a. colon cancer |
|
|
To decrease cancer risk, the American Cancer Society recommends a. choose fish, poultry or beans as an alternative to red meat. b. if you eat red meat, eat smaller portions. c. minimize your intake of processed meats. d. all of the above. |
d. all of the above |
|
|
As discussed in class, young adults in the CARDIA study who ate ____________had less calcium buildup in their coronary arteries 20 years later. a. less processed meat b. less red meat c. more fruits and vegetables d. more seafood |
c. more fruits and vegetables |
|
|
Where (in which nutrients) is the energy in food? |
Carbohydrates |
|
|
Categorize carbohydrates by size/structure. Which type of carbohydrate doesnot provide energy? Which type of carbohydrate does not require digestion andis absorbed intact in the small intestine? |
Carb Categories: simple carbohydrates (sugars) and complex carbohydrates Complex carbs don't provide energy. Sugar doesn't require digestion. |
|
|
List 3 common sugars. Where are they found in the diet? What is the leadingsource of added sugars in the U.S. diet? What is the leading source offructose? |
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose Leading source: soft drinks Leading source of fructose: beverages |
|
|
Describe trends in beverage consumption in the U.S. Which age group isleading the decline in soft drink consumption? According to the DietaryGuidelines for Americans, what should we drink instead? What is a provenhealth benefit of switching to water? |
71% of U.S. adults eat too much added sugar Leading the decline : young people What to drink instead? Water Proven health benefit: reduction of added sugar |
|
|
Define “empty calories”. Other than added sugars, what other foods provideempty calories? |
Calories from solid fats and/or added sugars. These add calories to foods but few or no nutrients. |
|
|
Why are soft drinks implicated in the obesity epidemic? Describe a key studythat showed people do not compensate for liquid calories by decreasing theirintake of other foods. |
A surplus of as littler as 110-165 calories per day can result in a gain of 10 or more pounds over one year. |
|
|
Why are soft drinks implicated in the epidemic of type 2 diabetes? Is the effectof soft drinks mediated only by obesity? |
Soft drinks are the single leading source of added sugars for children, adolescence, and adults When people drink soft drinks they are likely to consume more calories There is strong evidence that sugar-sweetened beverages lead to weight gain because people tend to compensate for liquid calories by reducing calories elsewhere |
|
|
List risk factors for heart disease that are linked to high intakes of soft drinks orother foods containing added sugars. Which age groups are affected? What isthe position of the American Heart Association? |
Risk Factors: high blood levels of triglycerides, higher blood levels of small, dense LDL, lower blood levels of HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol) and high blood pressure. Age GroupL U.S. Teens AHA: Recommends 6 tsp of added sugars per day for women and 9 tsp of added sugar for men |
|
|
What is fatty liver disease? What is ectopic fat? What are the healthconsequences of ectopic fat in the liver? What evidence links high soft drinkintakes to fatty liver? |
fatty liver disease: build up of fat in the liver Ectopic fat: Fat in organs Evidence: high sugar intakes are linked to belly and liver fat. |
|
|
Is high fructose corn syrup worse than sugar? Why or why not? |
No. They are not much different. |
|
|
List 3 types of complex carbohydrates. |
Fiber Starch Glycogen |
|
|
List health benefits of consuming foods naturally high fiber. Which healthbenefit provides the basis for the Adequate Intake (AI) values for fiber? |
Benefits: High nutrient density, help provide satiety, promote healthy cholesterol levels, improve blood glucose levels, and ensure normal gastrointestinal function |
|
|
Which type of fiber slows stomach emptying, slows glucose absorption, andbinds cholesterol and bile to decrease their absorption? Which type of fiberserves as a food source for beneficial bacteria in the large intestine? |
Soluble fiber |
|
|
Identify the anatomical site where carbohydrate digestion begins. What is therole of salivary amylase? |
Begins in mouth Salivary amylase breaks down the starch into smaller units and the disaccharide, maltose |
|
|
Identify the anatomical site where the majority of starch digestion occurs. Whatare the roles of amylase secreted by the pancreas and digestive enzymes onthe lining of the small intestine? |
Small intestine. Pancreatic amylase completes the breakdown of starch into maltose. |
|
|
List functions of carbohydrates (other than fiber). |
supply energy to the body supply energy to the brain prevent the breakdown of proteins for energy |
|
|
What is the storage form of glucose in liver and muscle? |
glycogen |
|
|
How does your body respond when you skip a meal and blood glucose levelsbegin to drop? |
The pancreas releases another hormone, glucagon, which directs the release of glucose from _____ to help raise your blood glucose levels. |
|
|
What happens if you follow a low-carb weight loss diet that is severely deficientin carbohydrates? |
the body will begin to burn fat to meet energy needs. Without carbohydrate, fat is converted to ketone bodies. |
|
|
In the U.S., diabetes affects about 1 out of every ____ people. What are the two major types of diabetes? Which type is more common in adults? |
1 out of 4
Type 1 and Type 2
Type 2 is more common |
|
|
For each type of diabetes, what accounts for the inability to regulate bloodglucose? What happens if a person with type 1 diabetes does not take his orher insulin? What is insulin resistance? |
Inability to regulate blood glucose: Type 1: Inability to produce insulin Type 2: Body cannot use insulin proberly Type 1 doesn't take insulin: Insulin resistance: a disorder in which cells primarily within muscles, liver, and fat tissues lose their sensitivity to insulin |
|
|
What aspects of the American lifestyle contribute to the high prevalence of type2 diabetes in the United States? |
unhealthy habits |
|
|
About 30% of the U.S. population has fatty liver disease. Which lifestylechanges can decrease accumulated fat in the liver? |
weight loss and eating healthy |
|
|
What disorder has been called America’s largest healthcare epidemic? Why isit important to detect prediabetes as well as diabetes? Which 3 blood tests areused to screen for prediabetes? What are advantages of the A1C test? |
Pre-diabetes is america's largest healthcare epidemic. Important to detect because 15-30% of those with it will develop type 2 diabetes. Tests: fasting plasma glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test, and A1C level. Advantages of A1C: provies information about a person's average levels of blood glucose over the previous 2-3 months |
|
|
What steps can be taken to prevent type 2 diabetes? |
Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle |
