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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
FIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE FOOT |
-Load-Bearing (vertical and shear forces) |
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During locomotion, the foot is in what line of defense for force absorption... |
The first line of defense |
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What creates a force couple of the foot during gait? |
The tibialis anterior and posterior by drawing the arch proximally & superiorly (supination of the foot) |
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Categorize the motions of pronation and supination |
Composite motions since the talocrural, subtalar, midtarsal joints and the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis contribute to these motions |
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Describe the foot when in supination |
plantarflexion + adduction + inversion (ankle rolls away from center, heel turns towards center) |
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Describe the foot when in pronation |
dorsiflexion + abduction + eversion (heel rotates away from center, ankle rolls towards center) |
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Define Closed Kinetic Change |
distal segment of |
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Implications of Pronation |
Pronation of foot & ankle complex |
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Implications of Supination |
Supination of foot & ankle complex |
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What is Morton's Foot (Morton's Toe)? |
-Shortened 1st MT (giving -Increases weight bearing through the 2nd toe/MT -10% of the pop |
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Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis |
pain at origin of PF pain/stiffness when waking up
heel pain during/after activity
pain with passive ankle dorsiflexion pain in DF with passive toe extension |
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Treatment of Plantar Fascitis |
‐stretching of foot/gastroc‐soleus complex (5 min, 2‐3xday)
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Hallux Rigidus |
“Stiff great toe”
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Hallux Rigidus S/S |
‐ limited DF of |
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Hallux Rigidus Tx |
‐Passive ROM and joint mobilization techniques |
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Define Hallux Valgus |
progressive degeneration and |
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Hallus Valgus TX |
‐appropriate shoes |
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Define Turf Toe |
Sprain of the 1st MTP joint |
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Turf Toe MOI |
foot is planted and ankle forcibly dorsiflexed, |
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Turf Toe S/S |
‐pain during toe‐off (push‐off) during gait or quick |
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Turf Toe TX |
‐rest and NWB‐PWB in acute stages (cam walker) |
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Where can stress fractures occur? |
distal tibia, midshaft of tibia, distal fibula |
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Stress Fracture S/S |
‐focal pain on bone |
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Stress Fracture TX |
‐rest! |
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Lisfranc Injuries -joint involved? -type of injuries? -fracture dislocation? - |
tarso-metatarsal joint Sprain, dislocation, fracture-dislocation T-MT joint can be dislocated w/o fx |
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Lisfranc MOI |
high energy axial loading of foot while distal segment is fixed |
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Lisfranc Injury S/S |
range to from subtle to obvious (pain, swelling, deformity, ecchymosis |
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Lisfranc Injury Tx |
Conservative: |
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Medial Ankle Spains prevented by? ligaments affected? |
static stabilizers and joint configuration prevent excessive ankle eversion
deltoid ligament sprain = 3-15% can be associated with syndesmosis injuries or malleolar fractures |
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Medial Ankle Sprains S/S |
‐TTP medial joint line |
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Medial Ankle Sprains R/O |
‐medial malleolus fracture (‘knock‐off fx’) |
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Lateral Ankle Sprain MOI (most common) |
‐typically result of excessive supination (can injure talocrural and subtalar joints) |
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Ligaments involved in lateral ankle sprains |
Anterior talofibular ligament most often injured (taut during ankle supination) |
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Lateral Ankle Sprain S/S |
‐popping sound at time of injury? |
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Lateral Ankle Sprain R/O |
‐fracture (fibula, tibia, talus) |
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Mechanical Instability |
gross laxity of the talocrural or subtalar joints with clinical examination |
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Functional Instability |
Hx of repeated ankle sprains but normal findings during ligamentous stress tests |
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Maisonneuve Fracture |
R/o fx of superior portion of fibula with ankle sprains |
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Morton's Neuroma |
= Intermetatarsal neuroma |
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MOI for Morton's Neuroma |
prolonged pressure of nerve resulting in formation of fibrotic nodules and |
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S/S for Morton's Neuroma |
‐pain in transverse (metatarsal) arch of foot, radiating to toes ‐increased pain/numbness when pressure is increased in forefoot (standing
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Tx for Morton's Neuroma |
metatarsal arch pad |
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Achilles Tendinopathy |
‐AT poor vascularity “distal avascular zone” |
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What is Partenon? |
highly vascularized layer surrounding AT |
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Tendinosis |
degeneration of tendon midsubstance (often ‘silent’) |
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Precipitating Factors for Achilles Tendinopathy |
‐previous ankle sprain? |
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S/S for achilles tendinopathy |
‐burning pain during activity |
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Tx for achilles tendinopathy |
Eccentric training! |
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Define Achilles Rupture |
Achilles tendinosis or paratendinitis may lead to rupture, but not necessary as precipitating factor MOI: forceful contraction (landing from a jump, sudden changes in direction) |
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S/S of an Achilles Rupture |
‐loud pop (gunshot) at time of injury |
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Achilles Rupture Management |
Conservative: |
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Chronic Onset of Exertional Compartment Syndrome |
‐S/S during or after exercise |
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‐same s/s as chronic w/o prior symptoms or history of |
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Exertional Compartment Syndrome S/S |
‐pain localized in compartment |
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When is fasciotomy required? |
Resting pressure > 15mm Hg (compared bilaterally if a unilateral problem) |
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Define Traumatic Compartment Syndrome |
Medical emergency! S/S: related to the 5 P’s |
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S/S for Traumatic Compartment Syndrome |
‐visibly swollen compartment, skin may appear shiny |