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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two types of phagocytes |
Macrophages, neutrophils |
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What are toll-like receptors? |
Recognises pathogens and activates the macrophage |
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What are properties of activated phagocytes? |
Increased metabolic rate, increased predator properties, secretes cytokines |
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What is interleukin 1(IL-1)? |
A cytokine |
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What is tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha)? |
A cytokine |
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What do cytokines do? |
Activate other inflammatory cells, increase permeability of capillaries |
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What are complement proteins? |
Recognise microbes and bind to them, starting a cascade. |
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Where are complement proteins found? |
In the blood and tissue fluids |
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What are the functions of complement proteins, C3a and C5a? |
They diffuse into extra cellular fluid and activate phagocytes, attract inflammatory cells by chemotaxis and degranulate mast cells. |
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Functions of complement proteins C3b? |
Attached to bacterial cell wall and acts as an opsonin. |
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What’s an opsonin? |
Binds to microbes, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis. |
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What is the function of complement protein C9? |
It creates a hole in the microbial cell membrane which disrupts its osmotic balance and kills it. |
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What is C9 assembled with? |
C5b, C6, C7 & C8 |
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What is the membrane attacke complex? |
Complement proteins C9 made of C5b, C6, C7, C8. |
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Where are mast cells found? |
In the tissues |
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Function of histamine? |
Increases permeability of small blood vessels |
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Function of prostaglandins? |
Stimulate pain receptors and increase permeability of small blood vessels |
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What inflammatory mediators do mast cell granules contain? |
Histamine, prostaglandins and chemotactic factors. |
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What is mast cell degranulation? |
When the granule membrane fuses with the outer cell membrane to release its contents. |
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What stimulates mast cell degranulation? |
Trauma heat&cold some chemicals/drugs activated complement proteins: C3a & C5a Cytokines |
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What type of mediators inhibit inflammation? |
Anti-inflammatory |
