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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 2 ways fluoride can be incorporated in the teeth? |
topically systemically |
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what is the best way to get fluoride? |
in small amounts frequently |
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Where can you get fluoride? |
water supplements food and beverages Toothpaste, rinses |
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where does fluoride absorb systemically? |
GI (sm. intestine) and bloodstream |
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what does fluoride distribution and retention depend on? |
acid, but is usually though the system in an hour |
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where is fluoride excreted? |
through kidneys small amounts in feces, and sweat glands |
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T/F: fluoride is the least effective therapeutic agent for caries. |
false: most effective |
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what kind of fluoride incorporation is needed for pre-erupted teeth? |
systemic |
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how does fluoride effect the pre-erupted tooth? |
harder tooth surface reduces occlusal groove height |
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how is fluoride incorporated in posteruptive teeth? |
water dentifrice rinses other surface exposures |
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what can fluoride inhibit? |
initiation and progression of dental caries |
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how many times should the teeth be exposed to fluoride a day? |
at least 2 times, optimal is 5 times |
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when is the greatest uptake of fluoride? |
30 minutes |
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how much fluoride is in dentin compared to enable? |
greater if dentin is exposed |
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how much fluoride is in cementum, and when does it increase? |
high, increases with age |
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what are the e mechanisms of action of fluoride? |
systemically topically: to enhance remineralization topically: to reduce acid |
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what mechanism has the greatest effect on reducing and preventing decay? |
topical |
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why is water fluoridation the most effective delivery? |
populations consume it throughout the day |
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fluoride concentration in plaque is how many times higher than saliva? |
50-100 |
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what does fluoride inhibit and help? |
inhibits demineralization helps remineralization |
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what is the most cost effective preventive dental program available? |
water fluoridation |
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what is the optimal level of fluoride concentration in water? |
0.7ppm |
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what did WHO identify fluoride as? |
a nutrient important for health
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how does water fluoridation level vary? |
by geographical location according to temperature |
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what is good about fluoridation? |
benefits all ages socially equitable continuous protection doesnt require individuals to access care not costly no painful inoculations |
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what is fluorosis? |
mottled enamel from too much fluoride |
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who discovered mottled enamel? when? |
Frederick McKay in 1901 |
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what did people who had mottled enamel also have? |
less decay |
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what term replaced mottled enamel? |
fluorosis |
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What did Dr. H Trendley Dean do? |
mapped out prevalence of mottled enamel across the country and good for ways to reduce or eliminate it developed Community Fluorosis Index |
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what city was the first to fluoridate its drinking water? when? |
Grand Rapids, Michigan
1945 |
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what happened to the rate of caries in grand rapids after 11 years of fluoridation? |
declined by 50 to 63% |
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what percent of people have fewer caries with use of fluoridation since birth? (for permanent teeth) |
40-65% |
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with fluoridation, what teeth have more protection ? |
anteriors |
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what are the risks of fluoride? |
can cause enamel fluorosis |
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what does enamel fluorosis result from? |
hypo mineralization of teeth exposed to fluoride ingested during enamel formation |
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what did the safe drinking water act establish? |
primary and secondary standards for natural fluoride levels in public drinking water |
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what is the primary standard? |
max concentration allowed in drinking water systems (4 ppm of fluoride) |
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what is the secondary standard? |
2 ppm to protect kids from enamel fluorosis |
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should fluoride supplements be limited to children who are at high risk for developing decay? |
yes |
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what are the 3 additives used in fluoridation of water? |
Sodium fluoride sodium silicofluoride hydrofluosilicic acid |
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which is the most common water additive? least common? |
most is sodium silicofluoride least is sodium fluoride |
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t/f: fluoride can affect the taste, odor, color or turbidity of water? |
false |
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what does the cost of water fluoridation depend on? |
size and complexity of system purchase of equipment and installation purchase of fluoride, maintenance and labor |
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how much does water fluoridation cost for a large community? |
50 cents/person |
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how much does water fluoridation cost for a small community? |
3.17/person |
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what is partial defluoridation? |
doesnt meet requirements |
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what is school fluoridation? |
fluoridation in schools |
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what is discontinued fluoridation? |
taken out of water |
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what foods have fluoride? |
salt milk halo effect bottled water |
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what is the halo effect? |
food and beverages made in a fluoridated area and sent to other areas |
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what are the forms of fluoride dietary supplements? |
tablets, lozenges swish and swallow rinses drops |
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what are the guidelines of fluoride prescriptions? |
how much you can prescribe to a household |
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how much of the population is topical fluoride available to? |
2/3 |
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what are the types of topical fluoridation? |
rinse toothpaste gel foam varnish |
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when does fluoride uptake from food and water sources occur? |
during enamel formation |
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where do fluoride ions fit? |
in hydroxyapatite crystals |
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where is the greatest concentration of fluoride in the tooth? |
surface enamel |
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when should professional topical fluoride be applied? |
after polishing high risk caries |
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what are the 3 types of topical fluoride? |
sodium fluoride stannous fluoride acidulated phosphate fluoride |
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who shouldn't get acidulated fluoride? |
patient with restorations |
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after a varnish, is it okay to eat? |
yes, but no hard or hot food |
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what type of application is recommended for kids? |
varnish |
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what are the objectives of topical fluoride? |
prevent caries remineralize desensitation |
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how long should tray fluoride be applied? |
4 minutes |
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can you eat or drink after tray application? |
not for 30 minutes |
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how often should people with low caries risk have a fluoride treatment? |
6-12 months |
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who should have a custom tray for self applied fluorides? |
people with xerostomia |
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what are the indications for home applications? |
rampant root caries xerostomia radiaton therapy root surface hypersensitivity |
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what are the indications for mouthrinses? |
increase caries risk demineralization root exposure biofilm retentive appliances xerostomia |
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who shouldn't use mouthrinses? |
kids under 6 people with facial muscle disabilities |
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what is the good thing about mouthrinses? |
quicker and gets interproximal |
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what are the indications for fluoride toothpastes? |
caries protection all patients |
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t/f: no single fluoride treatment provides total protection against caries |
true
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what are the disadvantages of fluoride treatments? |
esthetic reasons strong, metallic taste possibility of etching ceramic or porcelain surfaces |
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what are the types of toxicity? |
acute chronic accidental ingestion |
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what is the certain lethal dose for children? |
.5 to 1g |
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what is the certain lethal dose for adults? |
5-10g |
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what is the safely tolerated dose? |
1/4th of certain lethal dose |
