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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All the following are important electrolytes in the body except:
A) potassium ions B) carbon ions C) chloride ions D) sodium ions |
B) carbon ions
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A base may be defined as a chemical compound that:
A) removes hydrogen ions from a solution B) adds sodium chloride to a solution C) adds hydrogen ions to a solution D) eliminates sodium ions from a solution |
A) removes hydrogen ions from a solution
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The intracellular fluid compartment refers to all the water found in:
A) the bones of the body B) areas outside the body cells C) areas within the gastrointestinal tract D) all cells of the body |
D) all cells of the body
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Approximately one-third of the body water exists in the
A) kidneys and urinary bladder B) blood C) extracellular fluid compartment D) transcellular fluid compartment |
C) extracellular fluid compartment
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The interstitial fluid is generally poor while the plasma is generally rich in:
A) hydrogen ions B) sodium and chloride ions C) protein D) carbohydrates |
C) protein
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Water leaves the body by all the following mechanisms except:
A) through air expired from the lungs B) through metabolic reactions taking place in the cells C) through sweat given off at the skin D) from feces eliminated from the intestine |
B) through metabolic reactions taking place in the cells
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In the process of osmosis:
A) water moves from a region of high solute concentration to a region of low solute concentration B) water moves from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration C) sodium ions move through a semipermeable membrane D) chloride ions follow the movement of sodium ions ot a region of low concentration |
B) water moves from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration
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When the concentration of solutes is the same on both inside and outside cells, then:
A) water leaves the cells B) water rushes into the cells C) water flows out of the cells into the transcellular environment D) the osmotic pressure is zero |
D) the osmotic pressure is zero
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Osmoreceptors detect a decreased blood volume and increased blood concentration of salt and stimulate:
A) increased kidney activity B) increased salivary secretions C) thirst D) increased secretion of progesterone |
C) thirst
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The hormones aldosterone and ADH both have an important function in:
A) fluid balance in the body B) the regulation of acid concentrationin the body C) stimulation of a conscious desire for water D) the activity of buffer systems |
A) fluid balance in the body
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Starling's law of the capillaries indicates:
A) the directions fluid flows between interstitial fluid and capillary B) how much protein will be found in the plasma of the blood C) the effectiveness of the substance renin D) the flow of sodium and chloride ions through the capillary walls |
A) the directions fluid flows between interstitial fluid and capillary
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At the venule end of the capillary, water enters the capillary:
A) because the hydrostatic pressure exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure B) because potassium ions are located within the capillary C) because the higher acid concentration is found in the interstitial fluid D) because the colloid osmotic pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure |
D) because the colloid osmotic pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure
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Which of the folowing may be a possible cause of edema in the tissues?
A) decreased blood pressure B) decreased level of proteins in the plasma C) the ingestion of a large amount of carbohydrates in the diet D) reduced temperature at the skin surface |
B) decreased level of proteins in the plasma
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Ninety percent of the cations in the extracellular fluids consist of:
A) hydroxyl ions B) calcium ions C) sodium ions D) bicarbonate ions |
C) sodium ions
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The release of aldosterone form the adrenal cortex is related to the presence of:
A) angiotensin II produced in the lung B) renin produced in the bone marrow C) parathyroid hormone produced in the parathyroid gland D) estrogen and progesterone, the sex hormones |
A) angiotensin II produced in the lung
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A low concentration of sodium in the blood stimulates the production of:
A) potassium ions from potassium hydroxide B) hydrogen ions from strong acids C) renin from the nephron of the kidney D) lymnph from the lymphatic channels |
C) renin from the nephron of the kidney
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The concentration of potassium in the blood is regulated by:
A) the enzyme potassium B) the hormone aldosterone C) the level of plasma proteins D) the acidic content of the blood |
B) the hormone aldosterone
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Excessive amount of potassium in the body may lead to:
A) arrhythmia of the heart B) poor muscle contraction C) accumulation of acid in the body D) fibrillations of the heart |
D) fibrillations of the heart
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Gastric juice contains:
A) calcium B) albumin proteins C) angiotensin D) chloride ions |
D) chloride ions
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An example of a strong acid found in the body is:
A) carbonic acid B) propionic acid C) acetic acid D) hydrochloric acid |
D) hydrochloric acid
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A buffer system generally contains:
A) a strong acid and its accompanying base B) a strong acid and its accompanying salt C) a weak acid and a strong base D) a weak acid and a salt of that acid |
D) a weak acid and a strong base
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The carboxyl groups of amino acids in proteins:
A) function as bases B) take up hydrogen ions from the surrounding environment C) increase the acidity of the surrounding environments D) react with amino acids in the protein |
C) increase the acidity of the surrounding environments
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The rate and depth of breathing has a regulatory influence on the:
A) acid/base balance of the body B) protein metabolism of the body C) amount of water taken into the body D) rate at which fats are broken down in the body |
A) acid/base balance of the body
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The loss of bicarbonate ions from the body through urine excretion:
A) relieves the alkaline condition of the blood B) increases the excretion of protein from the blood C) has an effect on the nerve conduction system D) changes the temperature at the body surface |
A) relieves the alkaline condition of the blood
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The normal pH of the venous blood and interstitial fluid is slightly:
A) more basic than arterial blood B) neutral as compared to arterial blood C) more acidic than arterial blood D) the same as arterial blood |
C) more acidic than arterial blood
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