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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fluid balance
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water gained=water lost
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water gain from?
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- primarily from digestive system: food, drinking fluid
- small amt from metabolic activity |
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water lost?
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primarily through urinary system;
loss is abt. 2.5 L/day via feces, urine, perspiration - fever - lungs |
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electrolytes
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ions from breakdown of INORGANIC compounds
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water percentage:
males? females? |
60% male body weight
50% female body weight |
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ECF subdivide into 2:
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1. interstitial fluid of tissues
2. plasma in blood |
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ICF subdivide into:
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Minor:
1. lymph 2. CSF 3. synovial fluid 4. serous fluid 5. aqueous humor |
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type of solid that makes up most of the body?
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proteins
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ICF composition
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water --84.7 lbs
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ECF composition
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- mostly interstitial fluid
- plasma - other |
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major cation in ECF
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Na+
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major anion in ECF
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Cl-
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major cation in ICF
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K+
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major anion in ICF
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HPO4(2-)
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T/F: All homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust body fluid composition respond to changes in the ECF, not in ICF.
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True
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T/F: No receptors directly monitor fluid or electrolyte balance.
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True
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T/F: Cells use active transport to move water molecules across the cell membrane.
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False---water moves via osmosis- PASSIVE
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Hormones affecting fluid & electrolyte balance
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- ADH
- Aldosterone - ANP (natriuretic peptides) |
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ADH function
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- water retained at kidneys
- concentrated urine - triggers thirst center in hypothalamus --promoting fluid intake - osmoreceptors in hypo. monitor [osmotic] of ECF; they secrete ADH |
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Aldosterone
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- secreted by adrenal cortex in response to rising K+ or falling Na+ levels in blood
- determines rate of Na+ absorption or K+ loss along DCT and collecting ducts of nephrons - high plasma [aldosterone] causes kidneys to conserve Na+ thus stimulating water retention |
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if ECF [osmotic] incr.
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fluid becomes hypertonic to ECF
water: ICF -> ECF |
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if ECF [osmotic] decr.
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fluid becomes hypotonic to ICF
water: ECF -> ICF |
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if ICF volume > ECF volume
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ICF acts as water reserve
prevents large osmotic changes in ECF |
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homeostatic response to severe water loss
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physiological - ADH secretion
behavioural - incr. fluid intake |