Flagellates And Hemoflagellates

Front 1

Giardia lamblia

Back 1

STOOL:
Macroscopic: Offensive odour, pale, colourless, fatty and floats in water.
Microscopic: Cysts and trophozoites in Saline and Iodine wet mounts.
ETEROTEST: String test.
SEROLOGICAL TESTS:
An (GAS-65): ELISA, IIF.
Ab: ELISA, IIF
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS: DNA probes, PCR.

Hint 1

Tennis racket, causes diarrhoea.

Front 2

Trichomonas vaginalis

Back 2

MICRO:
Specimen: vaginal, urethral discharge (in females) urine or prostatic secretions (in males).
Saline wet mount: jerky and twitching motility.
Fixed smears: Acridine orange, Papnicolau, Giemsa.
Direct Fluorescent Antibody(DFA).
CULTURE: (gold stand)
Cysteine-peptone-liver-maltose (CPLM) medium.
Plastic envelope medium. (PEM)
SEROLOGY: ELISA
MOLECULAR: PCR and DNA hybridisation.

Hint 2

Strawberry mucosa, female genital tract.

Front 3

Tryoansomiasis

Back 3

MICRO:
Detection of Trypanosomes in:
-Wet mount preps (LN aspirate)
-Giemsa (thick peripheral smear)
-Wet mount, stained smear of CSF.
CULTURE: Weinman's or Tobie's
IMAGING:
CT: cerebral edema.
MRI: White matter enhancement.
SERODIAGNOSIS:
-Card agglutination trypanosomiasis test (CATT), IHA, IIF, ELISA, CFT. (Ab)
-ELISA (An)
MOLECULAR: PCR
OTHERS:
Animal inoculation: White mice.
Blood: Anemia, monocytosis, raised ESR, reversed albumin-globulin ratio.

Hint 3

Trypomastigote (long and short stumpy) and Epimastigite.

Front 4

Trypanosoma cruzi

Back 4

MICRO:
Buffy coat smear, Fresh anticoagulated blood, wet mount: Mobile trypanosomes.
Giemsa
Microhematocrit with Acridine orange.
CULTURE:
Novy, Neal, Nicole medium.
ANIMAL INOCULATION: Guinea pig or mice with blood, CSF, LN aspirate.
XENODIAGNOSIS: Reduviid bugs reared.
H&E: LNs and Skeletal muscles, aspirate from Chagoma: Amastigotes.
SEROLOGY:
Ab: IHA, CFT(Machado-Guerreiro test), ELISA, IHA, DAT, Chaga's radioimmuno precipitation assay (RIPA)
INTRADERMAL: Cruzin
MOLECULAR: PCR
OTHERS: ECG, Chest X-ray, Endoscopy.

Front 5

Leishmania donovani

Back 5

DIRECT:
Demonstration of LD bodies:
Stained thick blood smear, splenic, bone marrow, and LN aspirate using Giemsa, Leishman, or Wright's stain.
Culture: NNN, or Schneider's drosophila tissue culture medium.
Animal inoculation: Chinese golden hamster.
INDIRECT:
Serodiagnosis: ELISA (An)
Ab:
CFT with WKK An
DAT
IFAT
CIEP
DOT-ELISA
ICT using rk39 An.
Molecular: PCR, DNA probes.
Nonspecific: Aldehyde test, Chopra's antimony test.
Skin: Leishmanin or Montenegro.
Blood: Anemia, Progressive leucopenia, reverse albumin-goobulin ratio.