Fire Officers Handbook Of Tactics John Norman Chapters 1-21 Completebook

Front 1

way to reduce life hazards in a fire?
coordinated attack

Back 1

remove all victims,
vent to draw fire away from victims,
confine fire to isolated area

Front 2

when a unit first arrives to a fire their first action is to ______and then?

Back 2

locate the seat of fire,
confine,
extinguishment

Front 3

letting circumstances dictate procedures means you cant specify what ?

Back 3

you cant specify in advance of every scenario

last rule of ff

Front 4

COALWASWEALTH?

Back 4

c onstruction
o ccupancy,
a pparatus and manpower,
l ife hazard,
w ater supply,
a uxillary appliances,
s treet conditions,
w eather,
e xposures,
a rea
l ocation and extent,
t ime,
h eight

Front 5

combination of events that endanger victims?

Back 5

time of day
occupancy location
extent of fire

Front 6

methods of reducing life safety hazards before they occur?

the best choice is?

Back 6

imposing occupancy load restrictions
improving exits
specify fire doors and partitions
install complete wet pipe sprinkler(best choice)

Front 7

____% of all civilian fire deaths occur in residential fires?

Back 7

80% occur in residential fires

Front 8

_____ff's die in vacant building fires each year?

Back 8

18ff's

Front 9

cad messages can be transmitted in the field in what ways?

Back 9

by dispatch as part of alert message
,flash it on video display terminal,
teletype to each unit( best method)
have message repeated 1 min after dispatched

Front 10

sizing up potential collapse relies heavily upon?

Back 10

experience, close observations and reporting by all members

Front 11

a fire venting from one or 2 windows usually means?

for how long?

Back 11

fire is confined to one room and has been at flashover stage for 1-5 minutes

Front 12

a system used to track time during a fire?

Back 12

time mark system

Front 13

time mark systems reports serve what purposes?

Back 13

allows supervisors to monitor conditions. allows additional responding units to use information

Front 14

time marks biggest purpose is?

Back 14

to force IC to recognize that time is passing and requires him to evaluated and verbalize what progress is or isnt being made

Front 15

The first building contstruction implication is the degree of compartmentalization of a bldng which can promote or thwart?

Back 15

fire spread

Front 16

2nd implication is the degree that a building adds?

Back 16

to the fire load itself

Front 17

a type of metal construction that does add to fire load is?

Back 17

metal deck roof fire. underside gets hot and heats up/melts the tar (water proofing agent) between metal decking layers which gives off combustible gases to the point the gases ignite and rains down melted tar balls on everything below.

Front 18

3rd concern related to building construction is number of?

Back 18

hidden voids

Front 19

fire in _______is responsible for the destruction of more buildings than anything else?

Back 19

fire in voids

Front 20

4th concern with building construction is?

Back 20

the ability of a building to resist collapse

Front 21

non combustible building refers to?

Back 21

(Type 2 building) fuel contributed by structural components, not its resistance to fire spread

Front 22

majority of brick bldngs are made of?

Back 22

ordinary construction (Type 3)

Front 23

heavy timber construction (Type 4) exterior walls are made of ?

Back 23

brick and masonry with 2 hour resistant rating

Front 24

the floor and roofs of heavy timbers buildings are made of?

Back 24

3x6 planks

Front 25

why are the height and area of a building a concern during size up?

Back 25

indicate a maximum potential for fire area

Front 26

one way to determine depth of a structure is to?

Back 26

look at the roof for party walls

Front 27

What location(s) in buildings create special hazards?

Back 27

top floors of ordinary const,

below grade,

fire spread beyond reach of ladder for vent or access

Front 28

normally any floor with smoke on it will be?

Back 28

at or above fire floor

Front 29

libraries have a fire load of ____-to______lbs per square feet?

Back 29

25-30Lbs

Front 30

each pound of ordinary combustibles give off between _____and ________btus?

Back 30

7000 & 10, 000 BTUS

Front 31

each gallon of water absorbs _______btu's when heat from ___degrees to steam?

Back 31

9275 btus
from 70 degrees to steam

Front 32

one gallon of water will cool ____pounds of fuel

Back 32

5lbs of fuel

Front 33

in areas with a light fire load _____gpms for each square foot is sufficient

Back 33

10gpm per 100 square feet????

Front 34

light fire loads include?

Back 34

residential, classrooms, offices

Front 35

for ordinary hazard areas like commercial occupancies a flow of ______to______ per _______is recommended?

Back 35

20-30gpms per 100 square feet

Front 36

for high fire loads____to____gpms per square feet is required

Back 36

30-50gpms per 100 square feet

Front 37

modern 1 1/2- 1 3/4 nozzles flow?

Back 37

1 1/2 flow 125 gpm
1 3/4 flow 150-200 gpm

Front 38

two ways to ensure you dont have a loss due to inadequate water supply?

Back 38

survey area in advance to determine required flows, ensure built in sprinklers

Front 39

while on a fire if you find an out of service auxiliary appliance you should ?

Back 39

call an extra alarm

Front 40

ff scenarios should follow

Back 40

?? chapt 12

Front 41

the most serious issue in a multistory fire?

Back 41

??ch 12

Front 42

2nd most serious issue in a multistory fire

Back 42

?? ch 12

Front 43

most private dwelling fires require _____lines?

Back 43

2 lines

3 are rare (plan for 3)

Front 44

fire streams have what other uses?

Back 44

controlled burns
protect exposures
flush flamable liquids and gases
absorb toxic fumes

Front 45

each stage of fire is characterized by the room?

Back 45

temperature and atmospheric composition

Front 46

on an incipient fire use what kind of attack and stream?

Back 46

direct attack with strait or narrow fog stream

Front 47

in a well involved room ceiling temps are > than?

Back 47

1300 degrees

Front 48

before actual fire attack begins the nozzle team must find?

Back 48

occupant
way to the fire
what is burning

Front 49

the safe areas where you can advance a dry hose line in an ordinary construction building?

Back 49

entrance of fire floor
front door on ground floor apt
stairwell or landing
at top of stair on below grade fires

Front 50

the nozzle team should not start down a stairwell when?

Back 50

Never during a working fire

Without a charged hose line

Front 51

in an advanced multi room fire the nozzle man should set up what pattern

Back 51

a steady pattern with stream z pattern

Front 52

an alternative stream that can be used in an advanced fire is?

Back 52

clockwise rotating from the ceiling to rt wall to floor to left wall and back to ceiling

Front 53

ceiling temps in a fire room can reach?

Back 53

1200-1500 degrees

Front 54

after the fire is darkened down the smoke and steam will?

Back 54

lift a few feet off the floor

Front 55

2 errors made in a combo attack?

Back 55

nozzle man forgets to set stream pattern
leaving the stream on ceiling to long w/o dropping the angle

Front 56

the smoldering stage limits the amount of o2 and causes an overabundance of?

Back 56

of heat > 1000 degrees
due to lack of o2

Front 57

a rainroof adds undesigned weights to structure and creates?

Back 57

a second hidden void area impenetrable from below

prevents ventilation

Front 58

if roof ventilation is not possible or will take too long you should consider?

Back 58

indirect attack

Front 59

requirements for an indirect attack

Back 59

high heat
limited ventilation
point to inject 30 degree fog pattern

Front 60

each gallon of water can expand to _____-______ gallons of steam?

Back 60

1500-2000 gallons

Front 61

four key requirements of indirect attack?

Back 61

no occupants
limited ventilation
high heat
limited size of fire

Front 62

the application of water in a back draft should be timed to occur?

Back 62

after topside ventilation

Front 63

after hose streams have been operating for _______seconds chances of backdraft are?

Back 63

small

Front 64

when creating the first hole in a sealed area all personnel should be out of?

Back 64

possible collapse and blast zone with a 2 1/2

Front 65

some advantages of indirect method of attack are?

Back 65

reduces exposure to possible back draft
extinguishes unaccessible fire
uses less water
less water damage

Front 66

disadvantages of indirect attack

Back 66

cant use in occupied building
presence of ventilation opening will dilute effect
discharge of less than critical volume can push fire ahead of steam
cant view interior layout until fire is out
increase water damage to area not threatened by fire

Front 67

three overall fire strategies/

Back 67

initiate offensive attack
establish defensive attack
take no action

Front 68

an offensive attack proceeds on the assumption that sufficient resources?

Back 68

are available to perform
threat to exposures are minimal or controlled

Front 69

what influences the time it takes to position a hoseline?

Back 69

number of personnel available
height and area of structure
location of fire
distraction of other operations

Front 70

if flame is holding you back you request increase in?

Back 70

pump pressure with automatic fog nozzles or commit a second fog line

Front 71

Rule of thumb when adding a second line is to?

Back 71

back up 2nd line with a line at least as big or bigger than original line

Front 72

when a effective offensive attack isnt possilble or hasnt worked within ______min you should__________?

Back 72

with in 20 min or you should start defensive psoiitons

Front 73

if a fire in a house or apt hasnt darkened down with _______min or hose line operations you should consider something is wrong?

Back 73

10 minute

Front 74

when forced into a defensive mode consider possible effects of?

Back 74

total involvement of structure

Front 75

a master stream from a platform aerial can cover how much frontage?

Back 75

100' long and 3 stories high

Front 76

flow rates of ______to______gpms are available for interior handlines

Back 76

12-325gpm

Front 77

what has a direct bearing on hoseline placement?

Back 77

building occupancy
construction
height and area
location and extent of fire

Front 78

the method of hose stretch is determined by?

Back 78

presence of standpipes
open stairwells
usable courtyard windows

Front 79

two criteria that helps to determine whether a fire will be extinguished are?

Back 79

amount of water discharged is sufficient volume to remove heat

water actually reaches seat of fire without being carried away by steam or convected currents

Front 80

one pound of wrapping paper fives off _____btu's?

Back 80

7100 btus

Front 81

one pound of styrene give off ________btu's?

Back 81

18,000

Front 82

water absorbs __________btus per gallon when raised?

Back 82

9275 btu's when raised from 70 degrees to a vapor

Front 83

larger size hose has what advantage over smaller lines?

Back 83

reach of stream
and affect it has

Front 84

more than _____% of deaths occur is residential fires?

Back 84

75% die in residential fires

Front 85

three characteristics that play role in selection of hoeslines in residential fires?

Back 85

need for speed
low fire load

Front 86

in hi rises partitions or dividing walls reduce the ?

Back 86

extent of involement

known comparmentalization

Front 87

due to residential homes being more confined you need _______hose?

Back 87

more maneuverable hose

Front 88

if a residential fire is past flashover a hose of _________is required?

Back 88

1 1/2

Front 89

units faced with larger homes or with basements should use?

Back 89

1 3/4 or 2 inch minimum

Front 90

an 1 3/4 provides enough knock down to handle ?

Back 90

4-5 rooms

Front 91

Nozzle flow for?
1 1/2
1 3/4
2

Back 91

1 1/2 flows 125gpm
1 3/4 flows 180gpm
2" flows 225gpm

Front 92

1 1/4 solid tip nozzle flows equivalent of ?

Back 92

two 1 3/4 line with better reach

Front 93

a 2 1/2 inch line flowing 325gpm through 1 1/4 tip can be handled by______ff?

Back 93

2 ff can handle
3 ff to move it

4 people needed for two 1 3/4 lines

Front 94

rule of thumb
4 lengths or 200' 1 1/2 is maximum length if you want to flow____gpms?

Back 94

125 gpms for 1 1/2
190 gpms for 2"

6 lengths for 1 3/4

Front 95

a fire requiring a 2 1/2 hose is a major operation already past?

Back 95

flashover

Front 96

when estimating amount of hose needed for commercial structure you should add?

Back 96

length and depth of building

Front 97

to avoid stretching hoseline short you should stretch enough hose to cover?

Back 97

entire floor area
floor above equal width and depth plus one link for floor above or below

Front 98

a good way to ensure you have a correct amount of hose is?

Back 98

have nozzle team arrive at fire area w/1-2 extra lengths
train all members to estimate properly

Front 99

after nozzleman has removed his working length he should?

Back 99

step off 2-3 paces and paused to allow next member to remove his folds(2nd member should remove remaining amt quickly)

Front 100

when using lines advanced in a stairwell you should charge it only if you have?

Back 100

enough to secure a hose rope tool below the next coupling.

Front 101

the nozzle team should carry the line in______when stretching up the stairs?

Back 101

over the rail in the well to save effort

Front 102

when using the rope to haul up a line from outside you need how many people and what items?

Back 102

2 members with light nylon rope

Front 103

what saves you from tying knots in the rope used for hauling hose lines up?

Back 103

snaplinks or clips

Front 104

hauling hoselines up the outsides of buildings has what advantages?

Back 104

speed
requires less to be put in place
ready means to stretch out hose
keeps stairs clear for egress

Front 105

using a hauled up line on a fire escaped isnt?

Back 105

should not be the first option you should use

using line from fire escape can push fire back into the building

Front 106

a key criterion when spotting teh apparatus at a scene is the/

Back 106

scrub area. the area a platform can physically touch at a given distance from the building

Front 107

it may be acceptable to use the fire escape for fire fighting when?

Back 107

wind is pushing through from fire escape side pushing fire toward interior access to fight the fire

Front 108

primary function of a ladder?

Back 108

upper floor entry and egress
heavy streams
roof entry

Front 109

you should only use the line of the end of a ladder for what purpose?

Back 109

overhaul

Front 110

the ultimate destination of hose should be the area where it has the?

Back 110

greatest effect on the fire

Front 111

in deciding where to position the hose line remember?

Back 111

protect human life
confine the fire
extinguish the fire

Front 112

the highest priority for hoseline position is?

Back 112

between the fire and the victims

Front 113

in any multi level building the main priority is?

Back 113

position the hoselines to protect the stairwells

Front 114

what does protecting the stairwells provide?

Back 114

protection occupants from fire
confines the fire
protects means for bringing up personnel and equipment

Front 115

when using rope stretch method the hose is brought back into the building where?

Back 115

mid point between the fire floor window and on floor below

Front 116

many fires that occur in stairways are result of?

Back 116

arson and involve accelarants

Front 117

two phrases used to define exposures?

Back 117

most severe exposure
most severely threatend

Front 118

factors to consider when determining whether to commit first line to interior ops or exposure protection?

Back 118

extent of fire
attack capabilities of unit
construction of building

Front 119

other than direct flame contact the most severe threat to exposures is from?

Back 119

radiant heat
travels in straight lines

Front 120

the ideal arrangements for spread of fire is two?

Back 120

closely facing vertical surfaces

Front 121

radian heat can ignite fire considerably ?

Back 121

far away

Front 122

in the normal position a nozzle is in?

Back 122

fully open position?

Front 123

to maintain control you can do what to the nozzle?

Back 123

throttle down on handle as driver decreases pressure

Front 124

rule of thumb : is that no nozzles should have an opening?

Back 124

greater than 1/2 the diameter of the supply line

Front 125

ball valves regulate?

Back 125

the amount of water flowing past opening

Front 126

you can make water travel faster by?

Back 126

reducing the size of the opening

Front 127

the third function of a nozzle is to?

Back 127

give stream its shape

Front 128

a peripheral fog nozzle creates a hollow center pattern that?

Back 128

spreads water around the center baffles

Front 129

what nozzles are designed to provide a compact, cohesive stream with a max reach?

Back 129

solid stream nozzles

Front 130

a fixed cone shaped spray would be used for?

Back 130

high voltage electricity

Front 131

the most versatile nozzle is?>

Back 131

variable pattern
peripheral fog.
select any stream by rotating barrel

Front 132

a solid stream tip is favored?

Back 132

in overcrowded tenants with tight bends and long stretches

allows for max penetration
no clouds of steam
allows for 50 psi more engine pressure to be used for Floss on nozzle pressure

Front 133

a large bulk oil terminal should have what nozzles on preconnect?

Back 133

peripheral fog nozzles

Front 134

a propane cylinder fire should have what kind of nozzle?

Back 134

adjustable fog

Front 135

what type of nozzles would not be obvious for use as first line nozzle?

Back 135

foam aspirating
piercing
bayonet
cellar nozzles

Front 136

to make nozzles easy to take change out they should be?

Back 136

break apart design with male threads on discharge side of handle

Front 137

two types of fog nozzles?

Back 137

constant pressure
constant gallonage

Front 138

constant gallonage only remains constant as long as?

Back 138

pressure remains the same

Front 139

constant gallonage nozzles deliver a specified gallonage when np is?

Back 139

100psi

Front 140

raising pressure above or below 100 psi in a constant gallonage nozzle does what?

Back 140

counter productive, increases reach
poor reach poor power

Front 141

low pressure fog nozzles deliver rated flows at?

Back 141

50-75psi

Front 142

low pressure nozzles are good for ?

Back 142

reducing work of nozzle man

standpipe ops where 100psi isnt available

Front 143

the most recent improvement in nozzle design is the?

Back 143

automatic nozzle

Front 144

the constant pressure/automatic nozzle uses what to allow discharge to open?

Back 144

a spring

Front 145

as pressure increases with constant pressure nozzles flow can vary from?

Back 145

60-350gpm

Front 146

the quantity of water is gpm's does what?

Back 146

puts the fire out not the pressure

Front 147

automatic nozzles are dangerous because?>

Back 147

they appear to have a good stream with reach by not gallonage

Front 148

a fire in vertical shaft can spread quickly and pose what dangers??

Back 148

falling objectS

Front 149

cellar nozzles and distributors are considered?

Back 149

last resort devices for applying water where entrance is impossible or impractical

Front 150

cellar nozzle and distributors have been removed from active duty due to?

Back 150

advent of scbas, power saws, high exp foam

Front 151

what are difficulties in using cellar nozzles?

Back 151

area to place nozzle may be untenable
(may need protective hoseline)
structure stability of first floor

Front 152

cellar pipes and baker pipes apply water how

Back 152

1-2 directions at a time so they must be constantly manned to change direction

Front 153

cellar pipes and baker pipes have a reach of?

Back 153

50' of reach or more

Front 154

revolving nozzles such as the bresnan distributor has a range of?

Back 154

15-20'

Front 155

high expansion foam is replacing cellar nozzles because?

Back 155

it can be applied from a distance
(defensive tool)

Front 156

when hi expansion foam is placed in a area you must?

Back 156

provide an opening near the upper spaces to vent (opposite from foam hole)

Front 157

hi expansion foam expands to ?

Back 157

400:1 upto 1000:1

Front 158

Hi expansion foam must be applied to floor below while floor above is?

Back 158

tenable,

Front 159

Hi expansion foam must be able to reach?

Back 159

seat of fire

Front 160

hi expansion foam muffles sound with in?
Light travels how far?

Back 160

3-4 feet
a few feet

Front 161

working in hi expansion foam?

Back 161

??/
life saving
fire containment
must have scbas, pass activated, constant contact w/rope/hoseline
lead member must use pike pole/hook to probe
move slowly or crawl
shut down electricity
rit on standby
use straight stream only
sweep ceiling well ahead of nozzle team advance

Front 162

wet water was the description given to additives used to reduce?

Back 162

surface tension

Front 163

wet water was introduced in ?

Back 163

1970

Front 164

union carbide invented rapid water to improve?

Back 164

flow of water through a hoseline

(polyox)

Front 165

class A foam combines the lower surface tension of the wetting agent with a?

Back 165

bubble forming surfactant for use during forest fires

Front 166

what was one of first class A foams developed?

Back 166

high expansion

Front 167

early class A foams are designed to be used with what nozzles?

Back 167

existing nozzles and appliances

Front 168

class A and B foams were designed to be discharge from what type of nozzles?

Back 168

no aspirating nozzles

Front 169

Fog nozzles cause what expansion

Back 169

2:1-3:1 expansion

Front 170

air aspiration nozzles cause what expansion?

Back 170

7:1-10:1

Front 171

hi expansion foam applies a thicker?

Back 171

blanket, causing longer soaking times

Front 172

Class A foams was used to coat?exterior with foam as what approached?

Back 172

wildfires

helped prevent ignition

Front 173

commercial compressed aire foam systems injects?

Back 173

a measured amount of foam right at pump

Front 174

all CAFS require what components?

Back 174

foam concentrate supply
injection device to proportion
source of compressed air

Front 175

water extinguishes by cooling, CAFS use_______% of water?

Back 175

99.5% water

Front 176

all the foam is suppose to do is?

Back 176

allow water to penetrate deeper into porous material

Front 177

Situatuions with greatest benefit from foam use of applicator pipe is?

Back 177

extreme wind driven conditions in class I high rise

Gas truck fire (shield from heat)

Front 178

bent pipe is useful on what fires?

Back 178

flammable liquid fires
gas trucks

Front 179

Flammable liquid fires can be put out with?

Back 179

AFFF with applicatior pipe
low velocity

Front 180

protein foam requires a deal of ________to work?

Back 180

agitation

Front 181

bent tip device gives an application stream of?

Back 181

90 degrees

Front 182

two way flow meters pay off?

Back 182

kink in line show drop in flow

Front 183

splitting flow between 2 lines results in friciton loss of?
between 3 lines?

Back 183

25-35 % of same flows
10-15% of same flows

Front 184

water supply is concerned primarily with?

Back 184

ensuring proper volume of water is available on fire ground

Front 185

hydraulics is a study of?

Back 185

factors that influence how water gets to fireground

Front 186

water can not be compressed by?

Back 186

applying pressure

Front 187

one cubic foot of water weighs?

Back 187

62.5 lbs
7.5 gallons

Front 188

fluid pressure is perpendicular to?

Back 188

the surface in which it acts

Front 189

pressure in a confined body at rest is the same?

Back 189

at all points

Front 190

pressure of a fluid in an open container is proportional to?

Back 190

to its depth

Front 191

pressure of water in a container is independent of?

Back 191

its shape and volume

Front 192

for every foot water rises it exerts what pressure?

Back 192

.434 psi

Front 193

water exerts .434 psi for every foot it rises. this is called?

Back 193

head pressure

Front 194

water pressure increases 1 psi for every ?

Back 194

2.3' of depth

Front 195

pressure of a fluid is proportional to?

Back 195

its density

Front 196

the maximum height water can be siphoned or drafted is?

Back 196

33.9

Front 197

Air is a fluid that has?

Back 197

weight

Front 198

pressure on a confined fluid is transmitted?

Back 198

equally through out

Front 199

resistance to fire flow can be due to?

Back 199

friciton loss
head pressure
kinks

Front 200

Friction loss is mainly due to?

Back 200

turbulence within the stream
(inside of hose)

Front 201

laminar flow is?

Back 201

low flows without turbulence
all water molecules moves smoothly

Front 202

doubling the length of a hose does what to friction loss?

Back 202

doubles it

Front 203

the larger the diameter of hose the friction loss?

Back 203

the less

Front 204

static pressure is of what use for ff?

Back 204

little use

Front 205

static pressure is not an indicatior of ?

Back 205

volume of water available at a hydrant

Front 206

when residual pressure drops below 10 psi you can do what?

Back 206

reduce discharge
increase supply

Front 207

low residual pressures are common with?

Back 207

when inline pumper is used with 2.5-3" hose as supply

Front 208

in line pumping from a hydrant to a fire has what advatage?

Back 208

in line attack can begin with preconnect/master streams upon arrival to building

Front 209

class A pumpers deliver?
100% at____psi
70% at_____psi
50% at ______psi

Back 209

150psi
200psi
250psi

Front 210

impellars can do two things?

Back 210

give a little bit of water but with strong push
or give alot of water with smaller push

Front 211

gas trucks were limited to _____gallons in 1950? and are now?

Back 211

3000gallons

1450gallon

Front 212

fire loads located in building with large amounts of plastics is?

Back 212

double that of same building with oridinary combustible

Front 213

three sizes of LDH?

Back 213

4"
5"
6"

Front 214

FL in as single 4" is almost the sames as FL in?

Back 214

two 3" lines

Front 215

pumpers of 1250-1500 gpm are best supplied with?

Back 215

5" supply hose or dual 4" lines

Front 216

advantage of LDH?

Back 216

rapid deployment
faster return to service

Front 217

hosel as big as 5" may be for flows upto?

Back 217

1500gpm
fl= 1 5 psi per 100'

Front 218

to take advantage of low friction loss and low maximum discharge pressures you use ldh for?

Back 218

in line supply

Front 219

to properly use an aerial device you must hit?

Back 219

fuel not the flame(seat of fire)

Front 220

aerials are brought into fires due to ?

Back 220

extension into cocklofts

Front 221

the most maneuverable fire master stream is?

Back 221

at end of tower ladder basket

Front 222

telescopic boom flows?

Back 222

1000gpm

Front 223

ladder pipes flow?

Back 223

600gpms

Front 224

definite advantage of platforms is?

Back 224

range of motion stream

Front 225

ladder pipes are restricted to a narrow range of?

Back 225

lateral movement away from centerline

Front 226

when supplying water thiefs/maifolds it is best to?

Back 226

supply one type of device with similar characteristics

Front 227

L
O
V
E
R
S
U

Back 227

Laddering
Overhaul
Ventilation
Entry
Rescue
Utilities

Front 228

Having a plan does what?

Back 228

formalizes thinking
assign a degree of prioity

Front 229

an operational plan is quite general but should provide for?

Back 229

number of people comitted to each area
tools to be provided
scope of duties

Front 230

when assigning personnel to an area you should always use what system?

Back 230

buddy system

Front 231

when assigning a memeber to operate alone you should consider?

Back 231

using experienced memeber with radio

Front 232

locating the fire is often considered a______duty?

Back 232

truck

Front 233

an interior ladder team must have what tools?

Back 233

force entry
iron, flat head axe, hook
portable radio
flashlight (including personal)

Front 234

roofman performs what duties?

Back 234

ventilation
entering
searching
(2nd floor bedrooms from the exterior)

Front 235

regardless the time of day a high priority is place on searching?

Back 235

bedrooms and means of egress

Front 236

Chaufuer carries what tools?

Back 236

chaufuer has Axe
partner has hook and halligan

Front 237

roofman has what tools?

Back 237

hook for venting
Haligan for prying

Front 238

establish duties and assignments based upon?

Back 238

priorities

Front 239

assign the duties to the what position?

Back 239

riding position?

Front 240

what factors affect selection and placement of a ladder?

Back 240

reach, weight, nested stored length material constructed

Front 241

an added benefit of selecting an extension ladder is?

Back 241

inexperienced member will select a ladder that will do the job

Front 242

best position of a ladder when ventilating?

Back 242

even with top of window frame
up wind

Front 243

FF with a a pak on is __wide?

Back 243

20"

Front 244

ladders are normally _____wide?

Back 244

16" wide

Front 245

the only visisble evidence of loss of strength in an aluminum ladder may be?

Back 245

bluing

Front 246

Nfpa 1932 requires what kind of label on a ladder?

Back 246

a heat indicating lable on each section of new aluminum and fiberglass ladders that change colors at 300 degrees

Front 247

since 1984 ladder widths increased ?

Back 247

6" were 12" wide??

Front 248

use proper length /type of ladder and dont improvise unless

Back 248

trying to save a life`

Front 249

when using a ladder one person should keep the tip of ladder?

Back 249

under constant surveillance

Front 250

always retract an extension ladder before?

Back 250

moving it

Front 251

dont position ladder in front of?

Back 251

egress/ingress areas
areas needing ventialtion

Front 252

always have one hand where when climibing a ladder?

when climbing with a tool you should?

Back 252

one on ladder

can use hand on ladder behind the beam with wrist cocked

Front 253

to secure yourself to a ladder you should use?

Back 253

ladder locks or belts

Front 254

if leaving a ladder unattended it should be secured?

Back 254

at the TIP
especially light weight ladders

Front 255

aerial devives add to a units capabilities by?

Back 255

z????

not replacements for portable ladders

Front 256

a tower ladder is a platform?

Back 256

attached to a boom with waterway and sideless escape ladder

Front 257

a ladder tower is a platform?

Back 257

platform attached to end of aerial ladde with waterway

Front 258

ladder towers have a ________capacity than tower ladders?

Back 258

lower platform capacity

Front 259

ladder tower have restiction of master streams at?

Back 259

lower angles

Front 260

a tower ladder has what kind of restriction for master streams?

Back 260

unrestricted master stream use at any angle/extension

Front 261

tower ladder platform capacity upto?

Back 261

1000#

Front 262

aerial ladders and telescopic platform require a clear line of sight from?

Back 262

turn table to object

Front 263

aerial ladders should be extended __rungs over the room line?

Back 263

5 rungs

makes it easier to find and mount and dismount

Front 264

articulating platform must be able to reach over obstrucitons keeping__' away form wires

Back 264

10'

Front 265

the ladder should remain_______to______ from building square?

Back 265

1-2" out

Front 266

it the aerial ladded is not square to the building the ladder will?

Back 266

twist giving it a torsional load

Front 267

A bldng with a parapet wall of 3-6' should have the platform basket placed?

if great than 6' you should?

Back 267

TOP RAIL just slightly above the top of parapet wall

easier to climb in and out


use attic ladder or relocate platform

Front 268

the best position to place the platform to rescue someone from a window is?

Back 268

close to building as possilbe w/basket in line with the window

Front 269

place the basket from the platform where at a window?

Back 269

the front corner of basket at window

Front 270

dont use baskeet gates unless?

Back 270

top rail is level with window sill

Front 271

the tip of an aerial ladder is ______wide?

Back 271

20-24' wide

Front 272

an aerial can be used to ventilate from the turntable by?

Back 272

putting the tip through the top pane and lower ladder

dont over extend or attack steel framed or casement windows

never rotate in a window

Front 273

generally the greater working height of the ladder the more?

Back 273

area it can cover

Front 274

when placing a ladder for operating on the lower 3 floors you should be aware of?

Back 274

verticle profile and how it affects movement of aerial device

Front 275

when positioning midship mount devices the best scrub area is?

angle the cab how?

Back 275

just off and parallel to the objective

anglesd 15-20 degrees away

Front 276

best scrub area for rear mounted units?

Back 276

back in (not practical)
spot to maximize benefit of device

Front 277

in absence of any special requirements position aerial apparatus?

Back 277

turntable 15' just past corner of building

Front 278

overhaul in a broad sense may be considered any action taken to?

Back 278

expose hidden fire and ensure extinguishment

Front 279

nearly all of the openings made should be justifiable to?

Back 279

occupant

Front 280

what kind of fire would require emphasis on examing interior portions fo a structure?

Back 280

brick with wood joist

Front 281

post control overhaul is a_________examination?

Back 281

more detailed

Front 282

openings made in post control overhaul are more?

Back 282

thorough paying attention to reducing unecessary damage

Front 283

openings made during post control overhaul must be justifiable to?

Back 283

owner, ff

Front 284

Class A combustibles that show white or gray ashes?

Back 284

on the surface area
turn black when hit with water

Front 285

what must ff use to dertermine the right size opening when overhauling?

Back 285

sight
hearing
touch
smell
common sense

Front 286

if a ff makes a mistake it should be done on the side of?

Back 286

safety

Front 287

3 statements of caution when transporting matresses outdoors?

Back 287

becareful, full we, roll to lessen air exp
wear scba
never use elevator
dont throw smoldering debris out the window in areas inacessible

Front 288

when seeking hidden fire in a room just knocked down by the hose streams, the first openings made should be?

Back 288

made near man made openings around pipes, lights, switch plates

Front 289

if fire is found in chases, lights, switch plates etc... you should?

Back 289

open adjoining bays must be examined between joist

Front 290

when pulling ceiling safe practices involve?

Back 290

wearing full scba
keep egress in mind

Front 291

shutting down sprinkler system and other utilities are usually done by?

Back 291

ladder companies

Front 292

proper procedure is to have________people to shut down utilities?

Back 292

2 people with force enty
dont rely on line gloves, sleeves, mats

Front 293

a working fire on top floor of any large area flat roof requires what resources?

Back 293

4 men
2 power saw
2 6-8' hooks
haligan
axe
portable radio
experienced officer

Front 294

immediately upon arrival to roof memebers should?

Back 294

vent any verticle shaft
lean over and vent top floor windows

Front 295

you can cut the roof after?

Back 295

initially ventilating verticle shaft top floor windows

Front 296

texts advocate the proper size hole for roof ventilation?

Back 296

8x8

Front 297

the first step in making any vetnialtion opening is to locate ?

Back 297

the fire, vent directly over if possible

Front 298

locating the seat of fire is often determined by?

Back 298

observing conditions

Front 299

fire venting out of windows is a good indicator of?

Back 299

seat of fire
smoke is not as reliable

Front 300

other ways to locate seat of fire?

Back 300

communicate with interior crew
feel soil pipes
look at roof for bubble/heat
examinatio holes

Front 301

2 types of examination holes made with saws are?

Back 301

Kerf cuts

triangular opening

Front 302

the easiest repair/cut to make on a roof is?

Back 302

kerf cutt

Front 303

kerf cutts arent a good cut to determine?

Back 303

location of fire


you cant see side to side

Front 304

before making a cut you must consider?

Back 304

means of escape
especially on smaller roofs

Front 305

never cut a hole that interferes with?

Back 305

egress

Front 306

locate roof cut so if fire vents it doesnt?

Back 306

endanger exposures

Front 307

the roof hole should be cut ino pieces ______x______?

Back 307

4x4 maximum

Front 308

if 2 saws are available it is best to______--before pulling?

Back 308

complete all cuts due to possible change in wind direction

Front 309

2 reasons to extend original hole is?

Back 309

you know you are in the right locale

takes less cutting

Front 310

joists act as draft?

Back 310

curtains???

Front 311

rain roofs are encounted on type roofs?>

Back 311

curved
peaked
standard or truss

Front 312

both flat an pitched roofs may be constructed with what 2 classes of supports?

Back 312

standard or
lightweight

Front 313

using standard wood beams the maximum length that can be spanned is?

Back 313

25' w/o supports

used in gyms

Front 314

lightweight construction makes the best use of?

Back 314

truss design

Front 315

a second problem trusses are?

Back 315

connectors conduct heat
gusset plates
metal pins
through bolts

Front 316

bowstring trusses use ____x____ web and chords

Back 316

2x10
20' apart

Front 317

open web truss's creat large void spaces called?

Back 317

truss lofts

Front 318

plywood I beams are constructed with?

Back 318

1 1/2x2" plywood

3/8 web

Front 319

many of the new roof systems fail in less than ___minutes?

Back 319

10min

Front 320

as a guide on a lightweight roof try to determine whether fire has?

Back 320

penetrated void

Front 321

if fire has reached the voids ffing should be done?

Back 321

by using reach of the streams

Front 322

opening up sidewalls is effective means of ffighting by directing a stream into truss loft with?

Back 322

tower ladders

Front 323

roof deck sheets dimensions?

held togther by

Back 323

1/8" thick
6' wide
20' long
Tack welded in place over 3" ruberr or felt

Front 324

using large hose streams with metal roofs sweeping ahead of fires will do what?

Back 324

cooling the steel returning it to original strength

Front 325

cutting a isulpan roof should only be done from?

Back 325

from basket of eplatform

Front 326

the most logical place to stop a fire in a cockloft or multiwing bldng is?

Back 326

the throat

Front 327

a trench cut is used as a_____-tactic?

Back 327

defensive tactic
trench cut-strip ventilation

Front 328

to be efficient with the trench cut the ff must remove?

Back 328

the ceiling below to open trench

Front 329

a major problem w/trench cut is?

Back 329

used improperly
sometimes cut before primary vent hole is cut

Front 330

cutting a trench cut is divided into ___steps?

Back 330

locating trench
cutting inspection holes
cutting trench
pulling trench

Front 331

cutting the trench should not be done until?

except?

Back 331

main vent hole is cut
4 or more saws are immediately available

Front 332

What should be considered when choosing a location for a trench cut?

Back 332

must be far enough away to give time to complete the cut

20-25 from main????

Front 333

locate the vent hole by taking advantage of?

Back 333

building construction to reduce cutting as much as possible
cutting at narrowest point

Front 334

the final consideration is deciding where to put a trench cut?

Back 334

likely spread of fire

Front 335

most likely spread of fire is on a pitched roof?

Back 335

downwind side of pitched roof

Front 336

when making examination holes they should be located?

Back 336

on the fire side 5-6' from edge of trench

Front 337

if no fire is seen in exam hole you can make what cuts?

Back 337

cut trench parralled 3' apart (no narrower) from outwall to outerwall

Front 338

_____hoselines shold be placed where during a trench cut?

Back 338

1 or more postioned directly below the trench

committed early seperate from attack

Front 339

you must wait to pull trench cut roof until fire shows?

Back 339

fire shows at examination holes

Front 340

once interior forces on fire side of treanch are withdrawn its ok to?

Back 340

to use hoselines from the roof or below to drive away fire

Front 341

candidates for trench cuts are?

Back 341

H type and Garden type bldngs

Front 342

the key to initial protective action is?

Back 342

awareness to fellow ff especially

Front 343

if a saw has to be gunned to keep running you should?

Back 343

clear out area

Front 344

critical items the roof team must report to IC

Back 344

visible life safety hazard
size and shape of building
construciton
condition
fire showing through roof
weights resting on roof
location of parapet walls
shaft and setbacks

Front 345

what helps determine how you enter a structure?

Back 345

need for speed
type of door and lock (deciding factor)
manpower and tools available
degree of possible damage

Front 346

the last factor and one that should be of last concern on forceable entry is?

Back 346

personnel and resources

Front 347

4 basic rules for force entry?

Back 347

try before you pry
dont ignore the obvious
if possible force door that people will exit from
maintain door integrity

Front 348

by forcing a door the occupants regularly use you may find?

Back 348

they are less secured than others
leave door intact to protect o2

Front 349

forcible entry size up begins?

Back 349

with the alarm information

Front 350

when going into a fire resisitive building you should bring what size sledge?

Back 350

8-10#

Front 351

before grabbing the door knob to enter a structure make sure?

Back 351

everyone is ready to proceed
off to one side
crouching or kneeling

Front 352

key cylinders are located where?

Back 352

1-3" from edge of the door

Front 353

the more experienced ff should use what tool for force entry?

Back 353

halligan

Front 354

to brach an inward opening door place fork end?

Back 354

6" above or below the lock

Front 355

if a door has 2 locking devices place hallagan where?

Back 355

midway between the two locks

Front 356

when forcing a door , initially place tool parallel to the door at what angle?

Back 356

15-20 degree angle from doors

Front 357

remmeber to use what end to exert more force?

Back 357

the far end of tool

Front 358

attacking the hinge side of a door should only be used ?

Back 358

as a last resort
Violates rule (4) maintaing door integrity

Front 359

you can use the pointed end of a halligan when?

Back 359

when you lack a driving tool

Front 360

if you must break the hinges start with?

Back 360

top hinge

Front 361

throught the lock entry is indicated when ?

Back 361

light fire conditons
specific doors
specific locks

Front 362

the easiest lock to conquer is?

Back 362

rim lock like car trunk

Front 363

ff's have more difficulty with __locks?

Back 363

mortise locks due to unfamiliarity

Front 364

the reason you would go through a mortise lock, police lock, fox lock, pivoting deadbolts?

Back 364

minor emergencies, minor fire like food on stove

Front 365

most store are using ____doors equipped with what locks?

Back 365

narrow stile doors with dead bolts 1 1/4 long or longer

Front 366

when lookin in the cylinder of narrow stile door look for ?

Back 366

light bulb shape and depress spring loaded cam located at its base

Front 367

the fox lock requires you to go through the lock which looks like?

Back 367

steel plate in center of door shielding the cylinder

Front 368

fox locks have 2 3/4 inch steel bars extending ___into jamb?

Back 368

2"

Front 369

through the lock method takes _______or ________min to open versus?

Back 369

3-4 min through the lock or
8-10 min to force

Front 370

when fox lock cylinder is exposed you can remove it with?

Back 370

lock puller
sunilla tool
adze or claw

Front 371

example when through the lock method is unacceptable?

Back 371

poor visibility

Front 372

most effective solution to force entry in poor visibility?

Back 372

HFT hydraulic devices

Front 373

Hydraulic force entry tools weigh?

Back 373

25#
new ones 10#

Front 374

advatages of HFT tools?

Back 374

speed
8000psi
works in low visibility

Front 375

you shouldnt use hft when?

Back 375

when damage is a concern and speed isnt

Front 376

the most difficult force entry challenge is?

Back 376

multi locks

Front 377

the multi lock comes together in what package?

Back 377

the door
lock (mortise type)
jamb

Front 378

multi lock is installed in what material>

Back 378

masonry

Front 379

the multi lock has ___"diameter projecting __"into jamb?

Back 379

1/2 diameter projecting into jamb

Front 380

what choices do you have for forcing a multi lock?

Back 380

find key
find another way in
destroy 1500.00 door

Front 381

the fastest way into a multilock door?

Back 381

cut traingle shape hole in lower half of door

Front 382

gates are classified into what 3 types?

Back 382

manual
electrical]
mechanical

Front 383

the most common gate doors are?

Back 383

mechcanical
manual

Front 384

the key to forcing a roll up gate is?

Back 384

knowing padlocks types and methods of removal

Front 385

padlocks fall into what 2 categories?

Back 385

low 1/4 bow
high security 3/8 case hardend bow

Front 386

to cut case hardend locks yo need what size cutters?

Back 386

36"

Front 387

case hardend locks have poor?

Back 387

shear strength when pulled in opposite direction

Front 388

a commecial tool used to open locks is called?

Back 388

duck bill lock breaker

or use
36" pipe wrench and 3 ' cheater bar

Front 389

fastest means for force entry multiple locks?

Back 389

power tools- circular saw with carbided blades
torch

Front 390

when using the saw to cut bows on a lock you should?

Back 390

cut both

Front 391

an americak 2000 gate lock is forcible with?

Back 391

36" pipe wrench and cheater bar

Front 392

when cutting american 2000 whre on lock?

Back 392

2/3 of height away from keyway

Front 393

2 saws ready to go are needed on scene for?

Back 393

force entry
ventilation

Front 394

first disadvantage in cutting a gate door is?

Back 394

12-15 cutts take longer than cutting locks

Front 395

2 conditons warranting cutting the door?

Back 395

heavy fire that needs water asap
door can be opened (damage or electric

Front 396

when making an inverted U cut start where on gate door?

Back 396

at highest point you can safely operate the saw

Front 397

one drawback to inverted U or teepee cuts?

Back 397

small wind tabs at the end of slats that interlock with steel guide rails

Front 398

the 3 cut method for gate doors works well and is prefered when you intend?

Back 398

intend to enter

Front 399

the first cut of th 3 cut method on a gate door is located?

Back 399

close to edge as possible from maximum height to minimum

Front 400

make cut on gate door ___" to____ of edge due to?

Back 400

body of saw???????

Front 401

on a wide gate door to keep slats from binding make the cuts?

Back 401

2' high every 5-6'

Front 402

all cuts made on a gate door should be through?

Back 402

the same slat

Front 403

what factors affect the need for ventilation?

Back 403

reduced staffing
enegy conservation
increase propert conservation
improved fans
heavy fuel loads

Front 404

ventilaion is defined as?

Back 404

removing products of combustion and replacing them with fresh air

Front 405

when distinguishing between vent for life or vent for fire the key factor is?

Back 405

timing of the ventilation

Front 406

venting should be done so it draws fire from?

Back 406

life hazard

Front 407

immediate verticle ventilation should be a primary tactic at?

Back 407

no fire proof multiple dwellings

Front 408

venting of windows is called?

Back 408

horizontal ventilation used to vent fire and saving life

Front 409

horizontal venting for a life safety hazard must be coordinated with?

Back 409

immediate rescue effort

Front 410

venting to early will allow?
to late?

Back 410

fire to extend
subject ff to heat

Front 411

ventilation should take place when hoselines?

Back 411

begin attack

Front 412

venting is best coordinated with?

Back 412

radio

Front 413

when encountering energy efficient windows you should vent?

Back 413

as soon as possible while attack team is in safe area

Front 414

factors that influence choice of verticle horizontal venting?

Back 414

size of fire
location
construction of building
effects of wind

Front 415

vertical ventilation often determines whether a fire is?

Back 415

stopped or continues to expand

Front 416

mechanial ventilation can involve?

Back 416

hoselines
portable fans
building vent system

Front 417

venting with a fog stream reliles on the fact spray of water entraps?

Back 417

air with it

Front 418

factors that affect how much air and smoke is moved with a fog nozzle are?

Back 418

volume of water flowing
velocity of water stream

30 degree fog

Front 419

optimum fog pattern used for ventilation is?

Back 419

30 degrees- 35
6-8 feet from window

Front 420

adjust the fog pattern when ventilating to just cover?

Back 420

opening using venturi effect

Front 421

fanning a smoldering fire back into flame is a problem with what types of ventilation?

Back 421

mechanical

Front 422

dis advanatage of mechanical ventilation using a hoseline?

Back 422

cant be used at minor fires
cant use up water supply
cant be used in freezing temps

Front 423

smoke ejectors , fans suffer no drawbacks of hoseline ventilation except?

Back 423

it may force a draft over smoldering embers

Front 424

disavantages of smoke ejecting exhaust fans is?

Back 424

power supply
man power
storage space
explosive atmosphere

Front 425

negative pressure fans that sucked out air prove to be ineffective due to?

Back 425

fans dont fit openings
blocked intake screens
hanging in doorways

Front 426

fans designed to be explosive proof may not be after?

Back 426

5 years

Front 427

positive pressure fans are setup with air stream?

Back 427

8-12' away from door
fully covering door

Front 428

a fan blowing in can move___-the volume of smoke a negative pressure fan moves?

Back 428

twice the volume especially if churning occurs

Front 429

in setting up fans you should take into acct for?

Back 429

wind

Front 430

positive pressure fans work best in __Fires?

Back 430

minor to moderate not advanced fires that have self vented.

Front 431

prime candidates for PPV are?

Back 431

matress, chairs, fire extinguished by sprinkler systems

Front 432

When using ppv fans ff's should not enter the building ?

Back 432

anywhere fan isnt working

Front 433

a basic tenant for interior ff is a search for a life hazard is to?

Back 433

vent as you move provided the fire wont be extended by venting

Front 434

any decsion to use ppv should be made only after considering what factors?

Back 434

life hazard
extent of fire
availability of hose lines
degree of confinement
environmental factor (dust,sand)
available equipment and power supply

Front 435

the mushroom effect is when gas?

Back 435

is heated and expands horizontally

Front 436

the answer to fire in voids is?

Back 436

total ventilation

Front 437

flat roofs are often found?

Back 437

in larger buildings such as stores, factories, schools, aprtments

Front 438

flat roofs are much stronger than?

Back 438

pitched roofs

Front 439

2 types of older style flat roofs?

Back 439

standard flat roofs
inverted flat roof

Front 440

standard flat roof has main joist where?

Back 440

at roof level
roof boards nailed directly to joist

Front 441

inverted roof has roof boards?

Back 441

nailed to framework of 2x4 raised several feet above main joist

Front 442

older flat roofs joist and board dimensions?

Back 442

2x10 beams or
3x12
16" spacing
20' limited to span

Front 443

nailed to roof beams is the decking of a flat roof usually___to____ tongue and groove?

Back 443

1x6 with tar paper on top 3-4" thick

Front 444

gravel is put on flat roofs to be used as?

Back 444

retardents

Front 445

life span of a flat roof is?

Back 445

20-30 years

Front 446

before roof joist subcomb to fire the _____will burn first?

Back 446

1x6 roof board
catastrophic failure not a concern

Front 447

a fire in a cockloft or occupied floor may be ventilated by?

Back 447

cutting a hole directly over the fire and pushing down ceiling

no other way to vent this area

Front 448

to be efficient all searches must be?

Back 448

planned events

Front 449

each member that performs search functions must?

Back 449

know what to look for
where to look
how to look

Front 450

primary search is a quick once over of?

Back 450

entire accesible area where you could likely find victims

Front 451

the first action taken on entry into a fire building is?

Back 451

primary search

routine event

Front 452

when manpower is limited primary search could be performed by?

Back 452

the nozzleman

Front 453

if nozzleman were to find a victim he should?

Back 453

make a rescue attempt

Front 454

members assigned to sar should be experiened at?

Back 454

being able to extricating themelves in a dangerous situation

Front 455

each search team member should have?

Back 455

force entry tools
radio
light on a sling

Front 456

allo members performing interior ops should be taught what maneuvers with scba?

Back 456

reduced profile
quick release

Front 457

avg front to back profile of a ff is ______"

Back 457

18-20"

studs are usually 16" on center

Front 458

when making a primary search it is best to check where first?

Back 458

as close to the fire as it is safe

Front 459

all those directly over the fire floor ar threatend by?

Back 459

gases on fire floor and fire

Front 460

emphasis on searching is put on?

Back 460

searching routes people normally use

Front 461

pay special attention to where when searching?

Back 461

below windows
behind doors

Front 462

the best way to conduct a search is with what program?

Back 462

V ent Program
E nter
S earch

Front 463

a better way to prevent duplicat searches is?

Back 463

use latch straps
indicates search and keeps door from locking behind you

Front 464

not moving furiniture during a search can help?

Back 464

You remember you way out

Front 465

ventilate as you conduct?

Back 465

searches

Front 466

what areas should a secondary search include?

Back 466

perimeter of building
roof tops
set backs
areas beneath windows

Front 467

a excellent policy is to have___people conduct primary and secondary searches

Back 467

different

Front 468

even routine fires should require searches of?

Back 468

all areas above and accessible areas below

Front 469

areas_________or more below the fire doesnt warrant?

Back 469

2 floors doesnt warranty force entry
except below grade areas

Front 470

rule of thumb for a search team is?

Back 470

2 men for a moderate sized area of each apt or dwelling

Front 471

in heavy smoke conditions you should use____--when searching?

Back 471

Tag line

Front 472

when using a tag line for searching you need a plan that is?

Back 472

understood by all people

Front 473

what size rope is the tag line usually?

Back 473

1/4-3/8 nylon
200-300'

Front 474

positon a large light in the entry way to use as ?

Back 474

a beacon

Front 475

the rope used in a search should be carried by who?

Back 475

one person designated by the officer and should be taught

Front 476

when using a rope to search memebers dont have to be in touch with rope if?

Back 476

they are intouch with member who has the rope

Front 477

when used as a tether all members are?

Back 477

required to maintain contact with rope or personal rope attached to it

Front 478

search teams should be made up of minimum of?

Back 478

6 prefer 7 members

Front 479

when using search team on a rope one member is the?

Back 479

control man remaining at area rope is secured

Front 480

control man must have?

Back 480

portable radio as well as all team members

Front 481

search teams should be on what radio channels?

Back 481

on seperate channel from ops

Front 482

TED emitts a series of high decibles chirps every?

Back 482

4 times every 2 seconds followed by 10 sec silence

Front 483

control mans job is to monitor?

Back 483

how many people enter search area

Front 484

by assigning 20 minute submergence (maximum) for a 30 min bottle the control man can?

Back 484

indicate a 10min interval or halfway point for members to return

Front 485

one hour bottles provide how much work time?

Back 485

20 min work
20 min return

Front 486

search teams consist of a leader and minimum of?

Back 486

2 members
max 4
always even???????????

Front 487

the team leader should be secured to?

Back 487

main rope and pay out as he goes

Front 488

another large search light should be taken if for?

Back 488

to light up area and be a beacon for returning crews

Front 489

each additonal searcher must be attached to main guide rope with?

Back 489

25'50' section of rope attached with snap hooks just behind leader

Front 490

if the search starts at entrance the 2 searchers remain on what sides?

Back 490

opposite sides of guide ropes

Front 491

what equipment should search team carry with them?

Back 491

spare scba
stokes
hardware
lifesaving rope

Front 492

you should always secure rope to ?

Back 492

substantial object when making a change of direction

Front 493

when deploying search rope you should?

Back 493

attach it to outside of the structure or inside the stairwell on upper floors regardless of conditions

Front 494

to use FAR other radios need to be?

Back 494

off or on another channel

Front 495

to use FAR you take 2 radios making feedback with mics?

Back 495

1-2" apart away from scene

Front 496

when using FAR dont use?

Back 496

moblile or base station radios due to their long range

Front 497

2 portable radios can produce feedback for upto mile?

Back 497

half mile

Front 498

drawbacks to FAR and pager assisted rescue?

Back 498

manual operation
requires recognizing someone is missing
time consuming

Front 499

pass device alert with pre alarms when someone lays motionless for?

full alarm is ___to____later?

Back 499

30 sec
5-10 sec full alarm

Front 500

solid tip nozzles operate as low as ____psi?

Back 500

40psi

Front 501

hi rise companies prefer a 18" pipe wrench because?

Back 501

it is the smallest wrench with a large enough jaw to fit around a 2.5" coupling

Front 502

minimum items needed for hi rise fire on the fire floor?

Back 502

as a minimum
flat head axe
halligan tool
k tool

Front 503

the discharge valve on a standpipe should be inspected by?

Back 503

looking in it
and or opening it

Front 504

by nature an operational plan should provide for what specifics?

Back 504

the number of people to be committed initially to each area
tools to be provided
scope of duties

Front 505

the areas of highest life hazard regardless the time of day?

Back 505

areas of egress
bedrooms regardless time of day

Front 506

the height a ladder will reach above grade?

Back 506

working length

Front 507

you should always tie of the base of a ladder or tip when>

Back 507

tie tip off when leaving ladder unattended

Front 508

immediate vertical ventilation should be a primary tactic?

Back 508

at most low rise non fire proof dwellings

Front 509

venting for fire is normally delayed until?

Back 509

resources are in place to attack

Front 510

horizontal ventilation for a life hazard much be coupled with?

Back 510

immediate rescue effort

Front 511

fire venting through an opening in a roof is a good sign because?

Back 511

it means the fire spread under the roof is being slowed?

Front 512

a fog stream ventilation is improved with increased?

Back 512

velocity and volume of water

Front 513

the second most common vertical avenue is?

Back 513

pipe chase

Front 514

pipe chases are commonly found behind walls in?

Back 514

kitchens and bathrooms

Front 515

which style flat roofs are relatively safe to work on even with heavy fire?

Back 515

older flat roof

Front 516

when looking to ventilate, the seat of the fire is determined by?

Back 516

observing conditions while making your way to the roof or once they have arrived there

Front 517

a kerf cut is how wide?

Back 517

the width of the blade

Front 518

a triangular roof cut is how big

Back 518

8-10"

Front 519

members can begin opening the roof cuts after?

Back 519

the 8x8 outline is cut unless you only have one saw

55' of linear cuttong

Front 520

additional roof cuts should be done how?

Back 520

extend existing cuts by cutting additional bays rather than extending channels

Front 521

pre plans for townhomes should be for what issues?

Back 521

access and water supply

Front 522

in the event of a cock loft fires in townhomes/garden apts ff's should not be committed to ?

Back 522

the roof

Front 523

a true firewall will be made of?

Back 523

brick and extend 3' above the roof line

Front 524

a generic description for all one and two story multi tenant commercial buildings ?

Back 524

taxpayers

Front 525

steel roofs are what kind of metals?

Back 525

thermo plastic

Front 526

a key to success for a building with a metal roof is?

Back 526

a coordinated attack involving ventilation and hose streams

Front 527

a 2.5 in line offer how much reach?

Back 527

75-80'

Front 528

the tactics in old style taxpayers can not be used?

Back 528

in new style

Front 529

the only suitable tactic for newer lightweight style tax payers is?

Back 529

complete evacuation and use of a master stream from outside on ground level

Front 530

what factors require eng companies to use different tactics than they do for house fires?

Back 530

larger areas and heavier fire loads

Front 531

there is little need for speed in commercial fires because?

Back 531

the is rarely a civilian life hazard in a store

Front 532

one of the most beneficial places to spot the pumper on a store fire?

Back 532

is inline with and across the street from the fire store

permits master stream or deck gun use

Front 533

a good 2.5 inch handline delivers between______and______gpm's and has a reach of?

Back 533

250-325 gpm
80' reach

Front 534

the ventilation holes cut in a store basement fire should be near?

Back 534

near the show windows usually opposite of stairs

Front 535

a ppv fan can help do what in a basement fire?

Back 535

aid the advance of hoseline

Front 536

in identifying masonry floors the single most important action to take is to id?

Back 536

mason floors supported by wood joist

Front 537

the discovery of masonry floors above the fire should be relayed to?

Back 537

IC

Front 538

if size up of building indicates a structure is fire resistant and is more than 75' then the masonry floor is more likely to be?

Back 538

reinforced

Front 539

when inside a taxpayer you should bring in what size hooks to pull ceiling the length of the store and 3' wide?

Back 539

10'

Front 540

if a 2" tip with more than 100 psi cant open the ceiling then?

Back 540

hooks wont either

Front 541

if you dont see improvement in a taxpayer fire fairly soon after streams are flowing suspect?

Back 541

streams are hitting main body of fire
flammable liquids

Front 542

dont put the tower ladder, ladder pipe, or other stream onto a fire burning above the roof line of a taxpayer because?

Back 542

that fire is over(protect exposures)

Front 543

check the ceiling in a cockloft fire when?

Back 543

when you enter the door and as you go, listen for hollow sound of ceiling compared to solid sound of roof

Front 544

in search a ceiling area for fire if a TIC is not available you must rely on?

Back 544

pike pole
examine head after poking

Front 545

taxpayer fires require you to skip several stores and surrender them inorder to get ahead enough to complete?

Back 545

pulling ceilings and have 2 or more medium size handlines per store ready

Front 546

taxpayers may require how many personnel?

Back 546

6 or more to pull ceilings
6 to man hose lines in addition to perform ventilation and attack fire

Front 547

a nozzle tip on a tower flowing 800gpm would have what size tip?

Back 547

1 3/4 at 80 psi

1 1/2 tip at 140 psi has farther reach

Front 548

opening soffit with pike poles is difficult. It is better to?

Back 548

open fascia with metal cutting saws

Front 549

entry into a taxpayer with fire in a cockloft should be done after?

Back 549

cooling the steel I beams

Front 550

hi rises typically serve as?

Back 550

hospitals
hotels
apartments
offices

Front 551

strategies used in hi rises?

Back 551

determine specific fire floor
verify location
begin evauation
search fire floor and all floor above
gain control of building systems
confine and extinguish

Front 552

in a class one building those in immediate danger are?

Back 552

those on fire floor and above

Front 553

search what areas of a hi rise?

Back 553

bathrooms
elevators
stairways
small offices with closed doors

Front 554

hvac systems in a hi rise should be in what mode?

Back 554

non recirculation

Front 555

what communication systems are more reliable in hi rise fires?

Back 555

standpipe telephones and warden stations

Front 556

class one building of today should be re classified how?

Back 556

class 1 heavy weight
class 1 medium weight
class 1 light weight

Front 557

old hi rise buildings have windows that can be opened?

Back 557

for horizontal ventilation

Front 558

what key items about the hi rise do you need to know to determine your strategy?

Back 558

what type of contstruction
any trusses in fire area
type of fire proofing applied to steel?

Front 559

the greatest threat to life in a hi rise is ?

Back 559

being unable to perform rapid ventilation

Front 560

if a building doesnt have a smoke detector system in the hvac the ic must have immediate access to?

Back 560

building engineer or maintenance chief

Front 561

using an hvac system to evacuate smoke should only be done?

Back 561

after serious pre fire planning between fire officers, building engineers, qualified smoke control design specialist

Front 562

A reverse stack effect on a fire will require you to wear scba's?

Back 562

from moment you enter the building

Front 563

fire lines on a hi rise fire should be set up?

Back 563

at least one block away

Front 564

when ventilating through a window in a hi rise make a small hole and?

Back 564

pull rest of glass into building

can use pressure sensitive tape
contact paper

Front 565

each team that enters an elevator should have what recorded by a ff at the lobby designated "lobby Control"?

Back 565

car number
unit
destination

Front 566

when entering an elevator face pieces should be?

Back 566

in place and readily available

Front 567

immediately upon entering any elevator car you should hit?

Back 567

call cancel

Front 568

freight or service elevators dont make goo fireman elevators because?

Back 568

they serve every floor in the building

Front 569

when riding up the elevator stop the car every ___floors?

Back 569

every 5 floors
to ensure floors
verify elevator is responding
allow you to shine light up shaft

Front 570

dont stand in elevator car doorway to hold door open, instead?

Back 570

stay in car or put hose across door

Front 571

once you are sure you are at the right location you should return the elevator?

Back 571

to the lobby for refinforcements

Front 572

some fire dept service installations require the car be sent back with a member in it otherwise?

Back 572

the car will be unusable by other units

Front 573

on hi rise fires how many personnel are needed on the fire floor?

Back 573

two ladder companies on fire floor
one truck company on floor above

Front 574

nfpa 14 state fire pumps are only required to discharge their capacity at ?

Back 574

65psi at the highest hose outlet and limits pressure to 125 psi?

Front 575

The preferred method to anchoring a master stream is to use?

Back 575

two steel halligan hooks to span a door opening

Front 576

grouping all non-rentable spaces like stairs, elevators, lobbies, electrical shafts in a central core is called?

Back 576

core construction

>30k square feet

Front 577

areas in excess of _____-square feet of a moderately fuel loaded area diminish the possibility of?

Back 577

success through a direct attack

may have to get above it

Front 578

in core designed buildings it is possible for fire to be driven?

Back 578

around and back on itself

Front 579

scissors stairs are often found in what kind of construction?

Back 579

core construction

Front 580

chief murphy states whos actions determines the outcomes on a hi rise fires?

Back 580

the first alarm companies, particularly the company officers

Front 581

the fire command desk at a hi rise fire provides what information?

Back 581

floor plans
status of hvac systems
fire alarm and ext systems
elevator return panels
public address systems
2 way radio systems
standpipe telephones

Front 582

The ic on a hi rise fire should be assisted by who?

Back 582

senior building engineer
ff or officer to act as coordinator

called "systems unit"

Front 583

one of the major functions of the operations officer on a hi rise is to push what/

Back 583

the advance of the attack teams

Front 584

the operations post is assigned what members?

Back 584

two one a chief and an aide to handle communications

Front 585

that sae team should verify and record what information?

Back 585

the results of searches made on each floors

Front 586

the first activity in a building under construction fire is?

Back 586

clear all personnel from streets below on opposite side of nozzle

Front 587

fires in buildings under construction should be attacked where?

Back 587

on the upper floors first

Front 588

buildings higher than the reach of an aerial ladder usually provide?

Back 588

hoists similar to elevators

Front 589

a people hoist will have a control position where?

Back 589

in the car and operator will ride up with you.

Front 590

the equipment hoist wont have a control position where?

Back 590

in the car

Front 591

an equipment hoist isnt to be ridden due to ?

Back 591

lack of safety features and operated remotely

Front 592

while standpipes must progress within 2 floors of completed construction codes dont specify?

Back 592

that they must be wet

Front 593

the plywood form used to mold concrete is often sprayed with what to keep concrete from sticking?

Back 593

combustible coating

Front 594

fire can cause 100# chunks of concrete to come loose by?

Back 594

spauling

Front 595

spalling concrete occurs from ?

Back 595

direct flame

Front 596

a vacant building with a square box indicates normal operations can take place but how?

Back 596

at a slower pace

Front 597

if a building with one line drawn in the box has a small fire interior ops can be done?

Back 597

only after conducting a careful examination

Front 598

to enter a building with an X on the outside permission must be obtained by?

Back 598

IC

Front 599

1/4# of odorant can treat how much ng?

Back 599

1million cubic feet

Front 600

odorant is added to ng where?

Back 600

at points where the utility hooks up to the pipleline

Front 601

a leak at a odorant site is considered what kind of spill?

Back 601

flamable liquid spill

Front 602

gas is received by local utilities along pipelines called?

Back 602

city gate stations

Front 603

the city gate station reduce the pressure from the pipelines down to what utilities system pressure?

Back 603

60-150psi

Front 604

gas pressures in distribution systems vary according to?

Back 604

type and age

Front 605

when a district regulator fails in open position the pressure on what side is increased?

Back 605

downstream side resulting in overpressuring

Front 606

most gas detectors indicated the concentration of gas in the air expressed as percentage of?

Back 606

lower explosive limit (LEL)

Front 607

when you find a gas leak try to isolate the area where?

Back 607

as close to the leak as possible

use the quarter turn appliance

Front 608

if the natural gas problem cant be solved by turning the quarter turn appliance you should ?

Back 608

move back along the supply line to the point

Front 609

what stops gas flows to all tenants?

Back 609

service entrance cock

Front 610

since the explosive range of NG is 4-14% the mixture must be kept out of this range because 1% of oderant is still___% LEL

Back 610

25% of LEL

Front 611

what devices are safe to use in a ng leak?

Back 611

pagers

Front 612

ng is vented at what levels?

Back 612

upper

Front 613

gas emergencies involve one engine that need to stretch at least one line how long?

Back 613

to cover the length of the building

Front 614

outside leaks are not as common as?

Back 614

inside leaks

Front 615

propane has a wider explosive range than gasoline at________to__________%

Back 615

2.1% LEL and 9.5% upper (UEL)

Front 616

propane turns to gas at ____Degree?

Back 616

44

Front 617

when propane ignites it is called?

Back 617

a vapor air explosion

more dangerous than a bleve

Front 618

lp cylinders contain propane is what state?

Back 618

liquid and gaseous

Front 619

propane compresses to ?

Back 619

1/270th of original volume

Front 620

at 70 degree the pressure in a lp cylinder is_____psi?

at 100 degree

Back 620

100 psi

190psi

Front 621

it isnt usually the pressure rise that causes the bleve most often the cause is?

Back 621

the loss of strength in the cylinder

Front 622

a pressure relief valve in a tank wont always prevent a?

Back 622

bleve

Front 623

the lp absorbs the heat at the bottom of the tank but not?

Back 623

the upper vapor spaces?

Front 624

cylinders with direct flame contact can bleve within?

Back 624

10min

Front 625

what pre heats the fuel oil?

Back 625

unused steam or hot water from the boiler
upto 212degrees

Front 626

the main or primary control features a starting circuit and ?

Back 626

a running circuit that controls the operation of fuel pump, fan, igniter

Front 627

the primary control features a safety circuit that shuts down the pump and fan after?

Back 627

90 seconds if the igniter fails

Front 628

what is the preferred way of interrupting the operation of an oil burner?

Back 628

remote control
emergency switch

Front 629

the stack switch is a bi metallic?

Back 629

strip that senses heat in the smoke pipe

Front 630

the main purpose of a stack switch is to act as a?

Back 630

safe guard by stopping power to the pump and fan if there is no fire in the box

Front 631

in a delayed ignition or kick back fire in the box putting water or dry chemical can?

Back 631

damage the box

Front 632

white ghosts occur more often during?

Back 632

sever cold spells

Front 633

as with any oil burner emergency you should direct the person in charge how?

Back 633

in writing to have it inspected by a qualified repairman

Front 634

the ends of the ballast wire are usually what color?

Back 634

black and white

Front 635

if electrical equipment is on fire use what kind of extinguisher?

Back 635

Non conductive agents
preferably a clean agent that wont damage equipment

Front 636

if smoke comes out of a incinerator fire door when it is opened the fire is located?

Back 636

above
you are below the fire

Front 637

the first co detectors were the ?

Back 637

colormetric detector tubes

Front 638

record all co readings by?

Back 638

ppm,location and time

Front 639

you should begin possible co areas after?

Back 639

taking readings

Front 640

the standard wood frame home is less resistant to collapse than type II construction if?

Back 640

it is built with dimensional lumber

more likely to burn through

Front 641

when heated steel returns to it normal length it will retain?

Back 641

Its distorted shape
if severely twisted it could shrink

Front 642

frame structures collapse is very localized to what areas?

Back 642

between the two supporting members

Front 643

in all structures, the failure of what support is more significant?

Back 643

vertical members is more significant than horizontal

Front 644

the only indication of a possible collapse may be ?

Back 644

the fire itself

Front 645

the most common causes of structural collapse?

Back 645

structural weakness due to shoddy workmanship, illegal,improper renovations
fire damage to wooden structural members
heating of unprotected steel
cooling of highly heated cast iron columns or facades
explosions from fuel, explosives, backdraft
overloading of the floor and expansion of absorbent materials
overloading of the floors and roof
cutting or removing structural members
vibration and impact load
miscellaneous causes

Front 646

cast iron was unsuitable for beams but was used for?

Back 646

columns in loft buildings

Front 647

water or smoke seeping through a solid brick wall means?

Back 647

indicates a buildup of pressure on the interior as well as weakness in the wall construciton

Front 648

the distortion of the door and window frames is a result of being pushed over. this is prevalent in what class construction?

Back 648

class 5

Front 649

in event of building collapse with missing ff put tower ladder where?

Back 649

in line with location of missing ff

Front 650

the standard wood frame home is less resistant to collapse than type II construction if?

Back 650

it is built with dimensional lumber

more likely to burn through

Front 651

when heated steel returns to it normal length it will retain?

Back 651

Its distorted shape
if severely twisted it could shrink

Front 652

frame structures collapse is very localized to what areas?

Back 652

between the two supporting members

Front 653

in all structures, the failure of what support is more significant?

Back 653

vertical members is more significant than horizontal

Front 654

the only indication of a possible collapse may be ?

Back 654

the fire itself

Front 655

in response to a collapse you can use hi expansion foam for?

Back 655

placing a shield between trapped ff and fire while waiting on rescue

Front 656

the fifth stage of collapse rescue plan?

Back 656

general debris removal by contractors

Front 657

the second stage of collapse rescue plan?

Back 657

accounting and removal of surface victims

Front 658

the third stage of collapse rescue plan?

Back 658

searching voids

Front 659

the fourth stage of collapse rescue plan?

Back 659

selected debris removal

Front 660

the first stage of collapse rescue plan?

Back 660

reconnaissance

Front 661

before anyone goes into a building for a collapse rescue the ic needs what answered?

Back 661

what happened
where?
who's missing
where were they last seen
can the be alive
what help do you require
where can you get it
what is the situation with the fire?

Front 662

the person designated to get the information from victims rescued from collapsed buildings?

Back 662

victim tracking coordinator

Front 663

the victim tracking coordinator should make note of what concerning the victims?

Back 663

any injuries
and if they were transported to what hospital and by whom?

Front 664

V shaped voids results in voids that occur due to?

Back 664

overloading or being burned away under load

Front 665

individual voids are found in what type of collapse?

Back 665

any type

more difficult to locate

Front 666

jack hammer
circular saws
torches are needed for what class buildings?

Back 666

class I

Front 667

selected debris removal ceases when?

Back 667

all live victims have been removed

Front 668

street management of a collapse will be hampered by?

Back 668

scope of destruction
crowd of curious spectators
sheer volume of responding rescues

Front 669

the first alarm engine co on a collapse must position themselves how?

Back 669

to protect the occupant and rescuers against the threat of fire/

Front 670

the third and fourth engines should go where on a collapse?

Back 670

similar positions as the first and second eng in the rear

later arriving engines used for manpower

Front 671

keys and drivers of ambulances must remain where on a collapse?

Back 671

with the ambulances in staging

Front 672

a frozen zone during a collapse event is where?

Back 672

all emergency vehicles are not permitted to move due to vibrations triggering secondary collapse

Front 673

rotate collapse responders every?

Back 673

30 min

Front 674

8x8 cut requires how much linear cutting?

Back 674

55'\

Front 675

inverted roofs were common during the?

Back 675

1920's-1960's

Front 676

an inverted roof has rows of uprights ___ft on center with rows spaced ___ft on center?

Back 676

posts 2' on center
rows 4' on center

3x12 joist

Front 677

using a standard wood beam spanning is limited to?

Back 677

25'

Front 678

gussett plates penetrate the wood by?

Back 678

1/4 inc

Front 679

collapse zone on a truss and bearing wall should be?

Back 679

twice the height

Front 680

the biggest drawback to lightweight trusses is?

Back 680

lack of mass

Front 681

parallel cord beam consists of?

Back 681

1 1/2x2 plywood with a web of 3/8 plywood

Front 682

you should not cut a metal deck roof where?

Back 682

over the fire

Front 683

12" circular saw cuts how deep

Back 683

4"

Front 684

20 x 50 steel plate may weigh?

Back 684

8klbs