Final Exam

Front 1

The units of monomers used to create the polymer called protein are called

Back 1

Nucleic acids

Front 2

Hydrolysis is a ________ reaction.

Back 2

Cleavage

Front 3

In unsaturated fats, fatty acid tail have one or more

Back 3

double covalent bonds

Front 4

The number of different amino acids is

Back 4

20

Front 5

A compound that releases sodium ions when dissolved in water is a

Back 5

salt

Front 6

The positive subatomic particle is the

Back 6

proton

Front 7

Which list of elements is most similar to those elements contained in amino acids

Back 7

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Front 8

The negative subatomic particle is the

Back 8

electron

Front 9

The bond that holds atoms together do so through the sharing or through a transfer of

Back 9

electrons

Front 10

Which of the following terms best describes the process that synthesizes a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Back 10

Anabolism and dehydration

Front 11

Starch and cellulose are compounds consisting of repeating units of

Back 11

simple sugars

Front 12

Which is an example of a polysaccharide?

Back 12

Cellulose

Front 13

Methane

Back 13

is the simplest organic compound

Front 14

All ___ have a rigid backbone of four fused-together carbon rings

Back 14

steroids

Front 15

Long sequence of amino acids

Back 15

protein

Front 16

glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate

Back 16

phospholipid

Front 17

two strands of nucleotide polymers

Back 17

DNA

Front 18

The main energy carrier

Back 18

ATP

Front 19

One or more sugar monomers

Back 19

carbohydrate

Front 20

Peptide bonds link together long chains of

Back 20

amino acids

Front 21

DNA and RNA are examples of

Back 21

nucleotides

Front 22

Sucrose is formed from fructose and glucose by

Back 22

dehydration synthesis

Front 23

Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are composed entirely of ____ subunits

Back 23

glucose

Front 24

A triglyceride is formed from glycerol and ______ fatty acids

Back 24

three

Front 25

A compound that readily releases -OH is a

Back 25

base

Front 26

Which of the following denotes an alcohol?

Back 26

-Ol

Front 27

A triglyceride is formed from glycerol and fatty acids by

Back 27

dehydration reactions

Front 28

The molecule shown above can be linked to others just like it to form a macromolecule or polymer called a

Back 28

protein

Front 29

The smallest organizational unit having a capacity to survive and reproduce on its own is

Back 29

a cell

Front 30

Ions are

Back 30

charged atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons

Front 31

Sodium has eleven protons. How many electrons does it have in its outermost shell?

Back 31

one

Front 32

The two functional groups which are present in all amino acids are

Back 32

-COOH and -NH2

Front 33

All forms of matter are made up of one or more naturally occurring fundamental structures called

Back 33

atoms

Front 34

A scientific theory

Back 34

is an explanation of a broad range of related phenomena based on repeated testing of a hypothesis

Front 35

Isotopes of an element differ from other isotopes of the same element in their

Back 35

number of neutrons

Front 36

NaCl is an example of a molecule that has

Back 36

ionic bonds

Front 37

The most abundant element in your body is

Back 37

oxygen

Front 38

An atom with a unfilled outer shell is

Back 38

likely to bond with another atom

Front 39

Which one of the following is not a polysaccharide

Back 39

fat

Front 40

A triglyceride with a saturated fatty acid

Back 40

is found in lard
is usually an animal fat
has a backbone with no double bonds
is solid at room temp

Front 41

What type of organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Back 41

a carbohydrate

Front 42

What is the most abundant type of lipid in cell membranes

Back 42

phospholipids

Front 43

Which functional group is found in glucose?

Back 43

hydroxyl (alcohol) group

Front 44

All organic compounds contain

Back 44

carbon

Front 45

The control group in an experiment

Back 45

allows a standard of comparison for the experimental group

Front 46

The basic building block molecules that make up the complex (or polymer) carbohydrates are

Back 46

monosaccharides

Front 47

Water molecules tend to stick to each other because of

Back 47

hydrogen bonds

Front 48

Cellulose, glucose and glycogen belong to a group of organic compounds known as

Back 48

carbohydrates

Front 49

Bonds which result from a complete transfer of electrons are called

Back 49

ionic bond

Front 50

The nucleic acid DNA can do only two things, one is to make RNA and the other is to

Back 50

duplicate itself

Front 51

Nucleic acids consist of long chains of repeating units called

Back 51

nucleotides

Front 52

Enzymes are (almost all) composed of

Back 52

protein

Front 53

Which of the following endings denotes an enzyme?

Back 53

-ase

Front 54

Which of the following is characteristic of DNA?

Back 54

Occurs in all cells

Front 55

The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and neutrons. The neutrons each have

Back 55

no charge

Front 56

Which of the following will be the least reactive?

Back 56

an atom with a filled outer energy level

Front 57

When two atoms combine with the sharing of a pair of electrons, the bond is termed

Back 57

covalent

Front 58

The smallest unit of an element that can exist is

Back 58

an atom

Front 59

The word root ending for carb molecules is usually

Back 59

-ose

Front 60

The process where water is removed between two amino acids to build a dipeptide is called

Back 60

dehydration synthesis

Front 61

Atoms join to form

Back 61

molecules

Front 62

An atom with unequal numbers of electrons and protons is called

Back 62

ion

Front 63

Fatty acids having no double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be

Back 63

saturated

Front 64

Which of the following elements is found in proteins but not carbs

Back 64

nitrogen

Front 65

A dipeptide is

Back 65

two sugar molecules joined together

Front 66

Which of the following is least related to the others?

Back 66

Amino acids

Front 67

Glycine and cysteine are two amino acids. At which part of the molecule do they differ?

Back 67

at their R group

Front 68

A fat results from the union of a ___ molecule and three fatty acids

Back 68

glycerol

Front 69

The functional group on an organic acid may be called the

Back 69

carboxyl

Front 70

The joining of smaller organic molecules into larger chains for example, amino acids in proteins, is called

Back 70

polymerization

Front 71

If you were studying enzymes, which of the following macromolecules would you most likely be working with?

Back 71

proteins

Front 72

A molecule is

Back 72

a combination of two or more atoms

Front 73

Which substance is the most common in cells?

Back 73

water

Front 74

During digestion, complex organic foods are divided into simpler compounds by

Back 74

hydrolysis

Front 75

Which of the following will be the most reactive?

Back 75

an atom with an unfilled outer energy level

Front 76

If a lipid has fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule, it is called a

Back 76

phospholipid

Front 77

If a lipid has only fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule, it is called a

Back 77

phospholipid

Front 78

If a molecule is composed of one long fatty acid attached to one long alcohol molecule, it is called a

Back 78

wax

Front 79

A pentose is

Back 79

a monosaccharide with 5 carbons

Front 80

Phospholipids are found in

Back 80

biological membranes

Front 81

The smallest structural unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element is called an atom. The word atom means

Back 81

not cutable

Front 82

Hydrolysis reactions involve

Back 82

the addition of water and are the reverse of condensation

Front 83

The greatest amount of energy is contained in a gram of

Back 83

fat

Front 84

When a protein permanently loses its characteristic three-dimensional structure, it is said to be

Back 84

denaturated

Front 85

Those proteins which act as catalysts for biochemical reactions are called

Back 85

enzymes

Front 86

All carbs have a basic formula of

Back 86

(CH2O)n

Front 87

Maltose may be chemically described as

Back 87

a disaccharide

Front 88

Choose the term which is least like the others

Back 88

Amino acids

Front 89

Which of the following is not a key characteristic of life

Back 89

inability to change

Front 90

A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is termed a

Back 90

hypothesis

Front 91

Polar covalent bonds formed when

Back 91

electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Front 92

The sequence of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins

Back 92

primary

Front 93

Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing

Back 93

water

Front 94

Fatty acid molecules with double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be

Back 94

unsaturated

Front 95

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 95

lipid manufacture

Front 96

What is the purpose of the cell wall

Back 96

support and protection

Front 97

____ can readily diffuse across a lipid bilayer

Back 97

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 98

Inside the nuclear envelope the DNA may be found in the form of fine diffuse strands is called

Back 98

chromatin

Front 99

Lysosomes

Back 99

contain digestive enzymes

Front 100

Which of the following is a type of vesicle produced by the Golgi body

Back 100

lysosome

Front 101

Which of the components of cytoskeleton are used directly for movement?

Back 101

mictrotubules

Front 102

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?

Back 102

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles

Front 103

This organelle is more likely to be found in a plant cell than in an animal cell

Back 103

central vacuole

Front 104

What is a role of proteins found in eukaryotic plasma membranes

Back 104

regulating the flow of materials through the membrane

Front 105

In all cells DNA is located in

Back 105

chromosomes

Front 106

What is the main product of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 106

proteins

Front 107

Scientists demonstrated the fluidity of plasma membranes by

Back 107

fusing the membranes of two different species

Front 108

Which of the following is involved in lipid synthesis and modification?

Back 108

smooth ER

Front 109

Chloroplasts contain disk-like membranous sacs arranged in stacks. The stacks are called

Back 109

grana

Front 110

Not all substances can cross the cell membrane, for this reason, the cell membrane is said to be

Back 110

selectively permeable

Front 111

In a typical cell the substance found in the highest percentage is

Back 111

Water

Front 112

Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?

Back 112

RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins

Front 113

What activity occurs in the nucleolus?

Back 113

Ribosome parts are created

Front 114

We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells, but not animal cells?

Back 114

cell wall

Front 115

The term cell comes from this scientist's work and his description of the compartmentation he saw in thin slices of corks

Back 115

hooke

Front 116

Which organelle below is capable of producing its own protein?

Back 116

Mitochondrium

Front 117

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme

Back 117

is unchanged

Front 118

In a lipid bilayer, _____ of lipid molecules are sandwiched between_____

Back 118

hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads

Front 119

What role does the cytoskeleton play in a living cell?

Back 119

all of these

Front 120

Which of the following are the primary cellular sites for the release or capture of energy from carbs?

Back 120

mitochondria

Front 121

Which of the following organelles is most important in providing energy to the cell?

Back 121

mitochondrion

Front 122

The cell organelle that processes and packages substances produced by the cell is

Back 122

dictyosomes

Front 123

Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis

Back 123

carbon dioxide and water

Front 124

Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?

Back 124

Golgi bodies:packaging

Front 125

What cellular process involves an inward sinking of a small patch of membrane to form a cytoplasmic vesicle?

Back 125

Endocytosis

Front 126

If lysosomes bursts inside a cell, the immediate result is likely to be

Back 126

the cell will be digested from within

Front 127

Which of the following are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth depending on surface structure?

Back 127

endoplasmic reticula

Front 128

The presence of which of the following features distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Back 128

nucleoid

Front 129

Two ____ act as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

Back 129

lipid bilayers

Front 130

Which of these is not found in the nucleus

Back 130

functioning ribosomes

Front 131

The cell organelle that digests molecules, old organelles and foreign substances inside cells is

Back 131

lysosomes

Front 132

This organelle is more likely to be found in an animal cell than in a plant cell.

Back 132

none of the above

Front 133

What are flagella

Back 133

long whip-like projections

Front 134

For diffusion to occur in a given direction, there must be

Back 134

a gradient

Front 135

The outer limit of a living cell is always the

Back 135

cell membrane

Front 136

The fluid-mosaic model represents the modern view of

Back 136

a membrane's structure

Front 137

The cell organelle that organizes protein synthesis is

Back 137

ribosomes

Front 138

The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is described by which of the following?

Back 138

diffusion

Front 139

Which organelle releases oxygen

Back 139

chloroplast

Front 140

What is the smallest thing in the following list

Back 140

Atom

Front 141

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of

Back 141

phagocytosis