Final Exam

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Hernan cortes

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conquers Aztecs in mexico

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Franscico pizzaro

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CONQUISADOR LED 168 SOLIDERS AND 68 HORSES HIGH INTO ANDES MOUNTAINS OF SOUTH AMERICA AND FOUND THE EMPIRE OF THE INCAS

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Juan ponce de leon

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1ST EUROPEAN TO SET FOOT IN FLORIDA SPANISH EXPLORER AND SOLDIER

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St. augustine-

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first euopean town 1565

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CHristopher Newport

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captian of English who drove the susan constant ,god speed ,and discovery SHIPS

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The starving time

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jameston VA winter no food or supplies

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Silk road-

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PASSED THROUGH THE DOMAINS OF CENTRAL ASIAN TRIBESMAN WHO LIVED BY PREYING ON TRADE

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The crusades

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RELIGION BATTLE BETWEEN MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS

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Marco polo

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Marco Polo is famous for his travels through Asia. He was one of the first Europeans to travel into Mongolia and China

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Northwest passage

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not real passage that Europeans wouldhave went to north pole

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Amerigo vespuuci

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america is named after him; maps Christopher Columbus area founded new lands

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PRINCE henry THE NAVIGATOR

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MADE A SHORT SEA VOYAGE HELP MAKE A PASSAGE OF TRADE TO ASIA FROM PORTUGAL

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Ferdinand mAgellan

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FOUND AN ALL WATER ROUTE TO PACIFIC BY SOUTH AMERICA

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Treaty of tordesillas

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spain got western half Portugal got eastern side ( new world)

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Santa fe

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oldest capital city in us

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Bartholomeu diaZ

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Portuguese navigator who discovered the route to India

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Vasco de gama

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REACHED THE INDIAN PORT OF CALICUT AND RETURN WITH A 2000 PERCENT PROFIT

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Christopher Columbus

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4 TIMES CARRIED LETTERS FROM ISABELLA AND FERINAD TO JAPAN AND CHINA AND HE THOUGHT HE REACHED SOME OF THE 7, 448, ISLANDS THAT MARCO POLO SAID RINGED EAST INDIA

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Caravel-

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type of ships CC

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Protestant reformation

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CHANGE FROM CATHOLIC TO PROTESTANTISM

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MARTIN LUTHER

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WROTE THE 95 THESES

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95 THESES

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WROTE ABOUT CATHOLISM AND SET OFF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

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JOHANNES GUTENBURG

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PRINTING PRESS INVENTOR

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KING HENRY VIII

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BREAKS WTH CATHOLIC CHURCH

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CHURCH OF ENGLAND

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SEPARTION OF CHURCH AND STATE

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QUEEN ELIZABETH

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PROTESTANTKING HENRY THE 8TH'S DAUGHTER

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JOHN CABOT

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1ST PERSON TO LAND IN AMERICA 1497

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SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT

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1ST TO START A COLONY IN NEWFOUNDLAND

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SIR WALTER RALIGH

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FOUND A THE COLNY OF ROANOKE

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ROANOKE

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SIR WALTER RALIGH

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JOHN WHITE

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GOVONOR OF ROANOKE COLONY

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FRANCIS DRAKE

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SEA DOG AND EXPLORER WHO EXPLORED PART OF CALI

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LAW OF PRIMOGENTITURE

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1ST SON OF THE FAMILY INHERITED EVERYTHING

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COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

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OLD WORLD NEW WORLDS TRADE

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ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

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PURCHASURERS OF MONASTARY LANDS OFTEN EXPELLED THE PESANTS WHO HAD WORKED THEM AS TENANTS AND TURNED THE FIELDS INTO PASTURES FOR SHEEP ENCLOSING THE FIELDS WITH HEDGES

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JOINT STOCK COMPANY

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PRIVATE INVESTMENT

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VIRGINA COMPANY

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PROFIT PPL AND SEEK FORTUNES LEADER WAS JOHN SMITH

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JAMESTOWN

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JOHN SMITH

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POWHATAN

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INDIAN CHIEF

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JOHN SMITH

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EXPLORER

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LADY REBECCA

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POCOHAUNTAS

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JOHN ROLFE

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POCAHAUNTAS'S HUSBAND

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HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

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A headright is a legal grant of land to settlers

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STAPLE CROP

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A staple food is a food that can be stored for use throughout the year (or produced fresh any time of the year)

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INDENTURED SERVANTS

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VOUNTARY SERVANTS

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FEUDALSIM

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1.The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection

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VIRGINA HOUSE OF BURGESSES

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MAKING LAWS TO GOVERN THE COUNTRY

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ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

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The Atlantic slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the enslavement and transportation, primarily of African people, to the colonies of the New World that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. It lasted from the 16th to the 19th centuries. ...

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JOHN CALVIN

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BELIEVED THE SAVE OR DAMNED THING

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PURITIANS

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REFORM CHURCH OF ENGLAND

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HAMPTON COURT CONFERENCE

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CALLED ON JAMES THE 1ST COPROMISE TO TO PURTITIANS KING JAMES VERISON OF THE BIBLE

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PILGRIMS

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SEPARITISTS OF CHURCH OF ENGLAND

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WILLIAM BRADFORD

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ONE OF THE PILGRIM LEADERS

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MAYFLOWER COMPACT

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ONE OF THE VERY FIRST CONSTITUTIONS SAID ENTERING A COMPACT WITH EACH OTHER

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GEORGE CALVERT

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LORD BALTIMORE

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MARYLAND

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GEORGE CALVERT ONLY FOR RELIGIOUS PURPOSES IN MIND; SOUTHERN CATHOLIC

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THANKSGIVING

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CELEBRATES SEPARISTS: HOLIDAY DURING CIVIL WAR

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JOHN WITHROUP

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LEADER OF PURITIANS

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ARBELLA

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JOHN WITHROUPES SHIP

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ROGER WILLIAMS

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FINDS RHODE ISLAND

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ANNE HUTCHINSON

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BANNED FROM RHODE ISLAND SMART AND GREAT BRAVE LADY READ BIBLE

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NEW YORK

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NEW NETHERLANDS BECAME NEW YORK

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GEORGE FOX

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FOUNDED QUAKER MOVEMENT

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QUAKER

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PACIFISTS NO CLERGY(PRIEST) NO CATHOLIC NO CHURCH OF ENGLAND

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WILLAM PENN

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FOUNDED PENNSLYVANIA

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JAMES OGLETHROPE

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PUT IN COMMAND OF GEORGIA

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NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

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SUN IS THE SET OF THE UNIVERSE

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ISSACC NEWTON

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GRAVITY

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JOHANNES KEPLER

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ORBIT MAN; KNEW EARTH HAD A SET PATTERN JUST DIDNT KNOW WHAT

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DEISM

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GOD SET A CLOCK AND LET HER RUN SONNY

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BEN FRANKLIN

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VERY FAMOUS FOR CONSTITUION ETC

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ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

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1.The war between Charles I and his Parliamentary opponents, 1642–49

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OLIVER CROMWELL

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LEADER OF THE NEW MODERN ARMY DEFEATED CALVERLIERS KING CHARLES THE 2ND IS PUT TO DEATH

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MERCANTILISM

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STRENGEN ENGLAND (EUROPE) BY INCREASING NATIONS HOARD OF COIN GOLD AND SILVER

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COMMONWEALTH

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1.An independent country or community, esp. a democratic republic

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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange

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JOHN LOCKE

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POLICTICAL PHILOSPHER

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TWO TREATIES

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WROTE BY JOHN LOCKE AND WROTE IT BECAUSE 2. KING DOESNT RULE IN DEVINE RIGHT AND HOW GOV SHOULD BE RUN UNWRITTEN CONTRACT WITH PPL

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GEORGE WASHINGTON

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BATTLE HERO AND IST PRESIDENT

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OHIO COMPANY

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The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the colonization of the Ohio Country. The activities of the company helped to provoke the outbreak of the French and Indian War.

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PONTIAC'S REBELLION

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Pontiac's War was a war that was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory

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FORT NECESSITY

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WASNT A TRUE FORT JUST SOMETHING SLAPPED TOGETHER

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WHIG

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a former political party in the United States; formed in 1834 in opposition to the Democratic Party; advocated a loose interpretation of the Constitution and high protective tariffs

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ACADINS

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The Acadians (Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located in the Canadian Maritime provinces — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and in the US state of Maine

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EDWARD BRADOCK

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A COMMANDER AND GENERAL LED TROOPS TO VIRGINIA

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FORT DUQUENSNE

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FRENCH BUILT THIS

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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

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The French and Indian War is the common U.S. name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. In 1756 the war erupted into the world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War and thus came to be regarded as the North American theater of that war

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KING GEORGE THE 3RD

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George's reign were marked by political instability, largely generated as a result of disagreements over the Seven Years' War.[2

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WRITS OF ASSISTANCE

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BOARD SEARCH WARRENTS EMPOWERING CUSTOMS AGENTS TO ENTER WAREHOUSES AND HOMES ATO SEARCH FOR AND EVIDENCE OF SMUGGLING

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JAMES OTIS

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LED THE WRITS OF ASSISTANCE

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george grenvile

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FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY OVER THE OBJECTIONS OF KING GEORGE IN ENGLAND

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robert walpole

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BRITISH PRIME MINISTER

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period of salutary neglect

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BEST WAY TO MANAGE THE COLONIES WAS TO GOVERN THEM AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE: ROBERT WALPOLE'S IDEA

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sugar act

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CLEAN UP CUSTOMS COLLECTIONS AND TO GENERATE REVENUE TO REDUCE THE NATIONAL DEBT

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vice admiralty court

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(Vice admiralty court) Vice admiralty courts were juryless courts located in British colonies that were granted jurisdiction over local legal matters related to maritime activities, such as disputes between merchants and seamen

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CURRENCY ACT

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The Currency Act is the name of several Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America. The Acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency. The policy created tension between the colonies and Great Britain, and was cited as a grievance by colonists early in the American Revolution.

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QUARTERING ACT

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REQUIRED EACH COLONY TO PROVIDE FOOD DRINK AND SHLETER FOR THE SOLDIERS STATIONED WITHIN THEIR BORDERS; SAVED BRITIAN MONEY

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STAMP ACT

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TAX ON PAPERS BEING PRINTED; NEWSPAPERS ETC

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SONS OF LIBERTY

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ORGANIZATION AND A PHRASE USED TO DESCRIBE AMERICANS BY ONE OF THERI SUPPORTERS IN PARLIMENT ISACC BARE

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SAMUEL ADAMS

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BREWER ANS TAX COLLECTOR; HELP GAIN INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITIAN

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VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION

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In the early stages of the American Revolution, colonists in the Thirteen Colonies rejected legislation imposed upon them by the British Parliament because the colonies were not represented in Parliament

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STAMP ACT CRISIS

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The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. 12) was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America

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DECLARTORY ACT

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REPUBLICATE AMERICAN CLAIMS FOR THE AUTHORITY OF THEIR OWN ASSEMBLIES

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BOSTON MASSACRE

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BRITISH SOLIDERS KILLED 5 AMERICANS BUT THEY GOT A SLAP ON THER WRIST PRETTY MUCH BLAMED THE MOB

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JOHN ADAMS

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COUSIN TO SAMUEL ADAMS REPRESENTED THE SOLIDERS IN COURT

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TEA ACT

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The Tea Act was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain to expand the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade to all British Colonies, selling excess tea at a reduced price

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BOSTON TEA PARTY

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SONS OF LIBERTY1.A violent demonstration in 1773 by American colonists before the American Revolution. Colonists boarded vessels in Boston harbor and threw the cargoes of tea into the water in protest at the imposition of a tax on tea by the British Parliament, in which the colonists had no representation

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COERCIVE ACTS

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Shocked by the Boston Tea Party, Parliament adopted a series of legislative bills, collectively known as the Coercive Acts. They were intended to punish Boston but caused widespread concern in the colonies because they seemed to violate the sanctity of local political institutions.

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CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

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1.Each of the three congresses held by the American colonies (in 1774, 1775, and 1776, respectively) in revolt against British rule. The second Congress, convened in the wake of the battles at Lexington and Concord, created a Continental Army, which fought and eventually won the American Revolution

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SUFFOLK RESOLVES

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THE COERVIVE ACTS WERE NULL AND VOID THROUGH THIS

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Articles of Confederation

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created the "united states" 1st american consittuiton but did not create the nation

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Treaty of Alliance, 1778

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with France, was a defensive alliance between France and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, which promised military support in case of attack by British forces indefinitely into the future.

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Peace of Paris, 1783

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map of the continent was redrawn, great britain took florida from spain and all of canada from france etc

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Land Ordinance of 1785

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The Land Ordinance of 1785 stated that they would separate the Northwest land into something called TOWNSHIPS. This was a 5 by 5 mile land and was sold to settlers and speculators.

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Northwest Ordinance

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selling of ohio indiana michigan illinois wisconison

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Robert Morris

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financier, supported patriot cause

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Newburgh Conspiracy

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among officers of the American Continental Army due to many officers and men of the Army not receiving pay for many years. Commander-in-Chief George Washington stopped any serious talk by appealing successfully to his officers to support the supremacy of Congress.[1] The officers had been promised a lifetime pension of half pay; instead, Congress gave them five years full pay.

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Federalists

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replace a genuinely federated gov with a more centralized one

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Mt. Vernon Meeting (1785)

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was a meeting of delegates from Virginia and Maryland at George Washington's home at Mount Vernon, Virginia in March 1785. It preceded the Annapolis Convention of the following year and was a precursor of the 1787 Philadelphia Convention that saw the drafting of the United States Constitution.

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Shays’ Rebellion

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farmers in west mass. resented the fact that states tax laws favored trade at the expense of arigculture

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Constitutional Convention

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making of constituition in 1787

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John Adams

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2nd pres and a founding father

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Thomas Jefferson

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founding father writer of constitution

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New Jersey Plan

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a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state

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William Paterson

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Paterson, William, 1658-1719, British financier. By the time of the Glorious Revolution (1688-89, which he supported), he had acquired considerable wealth and influence through foreign trade. In 1691, he was the chief projector of the plan to establish the Bank of England, which finally came into being in 1694.

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Virginia Plan

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was a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed National Legislature.

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James Madison

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secretary of state under thomas j and involved in marbury vs madison

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Connecticut Compromise

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The Connecticut Compromise , also known as the Great Compromise , was an essential agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It proposed a bicameral legislature, resulting in the current United States Senate and House of Representatives.
Context

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Roger Sherman

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help write thr constituion poor background

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George Washington

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1st president

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Compact Theory

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theory relating to the development of the Constitution of the United States of America, claiming that the formation of the nation was through a compact by all of the states individually and that the national government is consequently a creation of the states.

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X, Y, Z Affair

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pinckney, marshall and gerry code names

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The Hartford Convention

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Dec. 15, 1814-Jan. 4, 1815, meeting to consider the problems of New England in the War of 1812; held at Hartford, Conn. Prior to the war, New England Federalists (see Federalist party) had opposed the Embargo Act of 1807 and other government measures; many of them continued to oppose the government after fighting had begun

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Aaron Burr

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A brilliant law student, Burr interrupted his study to serve in the American Revolution and proved himself a valiant soldier in early campaigns. In 1779 ill health forced him to leave the army. Upon admission (1782) to the bar, he plunged energetically into the practice of both law and politics. He served as a member (1784-85; 1797-99) of the New York assembly, as state attorney general (1789-91), and as U.S. Senator (1791-97).

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midnight judges”

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epresented an effort to solve an issue in the Supreme Court during the late 18th century. There was concern, beginning in 1789, about the system that required the justices of the Supreme Court to “ride circuit” and reiterate decisions made in the appellate level courts. The Supreme Court justices often took advantage of opportunities to voice concern and to suggest that the judges of the Supreme and circuit courts be divided. The Act reduced the number of seats on the Supreme Court from 6 to 5, effective upon the next vacancy in the Court.

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fire eaters

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extremist pro- slavery politicians from the South who urged the separation of southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America.

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Monroe Doctrine

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principle of American foreign policy enunciated in President James Monroe's message to Congress, Dec. 2, 1823. It initially called for an end to European intervention in the Americas, but it was later extended to justify U.S. imperialism in the Western Hemisphere.

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South Carolina Exposition

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also known as Calhoun's Exposition , was written in 1828 by John C. Calhoun, the Vice President of the United States under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun did not formally state his authorship at the time, though it was known.
The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. The document stated that if the tariff was not repealed, South Carolina would secede. It stated also Calhoun's Doctrine of nullification, i.e., the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law, first introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in their Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

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Martin Van Buren

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8th President of the United States

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war of 1812

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etween the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by Britain's ongoing war with France, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, outrage over insults to national honour after humiliations on the high seas and possible American desire to annex Canada [3].