Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the small opening just posterior of the umbilical cord that serves as both the genital and urinary systems in the fetus?
|
urogenital opening
|
|
what distiguishes male from female fetal pigs? how to identify?
|
females have urogenital papilla
males have penis under skin |
|
What are the small external ears on the pig?
|
Pinnae
|
|
Most veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart while arteries carry oxygenated blood away. Exeptions?
|
Postnatal Pigs
Pulmonary vein = oxygenated Pulmonary artery = deoxygenated Prenatal pigs umbilical vein = oxy umb art = deoxy |
|
hard palate
|
roof of mouth front
|
|
soft palate
|
roof of mouth back
|
|
pharynx
|
where food and respiratory canals cross. leads to soar throat
|
|
epigolottis
|
directs food to esophagus, blocks larynx
|
|
glottis
|
opening which is the entrance to a passageway to the lungs
|
|
esophagus
|
leads to stomach. DORSAL of the trachea
|
|
larynx
|
the voicebox. protection of the trachea and sound production.
|
|
trachea
|
takes air to lungs. the ridged tube. splits into two bronchi which subdivide into many bronchioles and terminate as alveoli (actual respitory surface). LOOK AT SLIDE FOR LUNG ALVEOLI
|
|
mandibular gland
|
only easily visible salivary gland. just ventral (belly-side) of the pinnae (ears). "used chewing gum."
|
|
Umbilical cord
|
Umbilical vein = nutrients from placentia directly to fetus' LIVER (attaches to liver)
Umbilical artery = carries waste out |
|
Liver
|
Big crazy looking thing.
Many biochemical functions. Inflammation = hepatitis. Bile emulsifies fats. Bile not an enzyme b/c not a protein. hepa- relates to liver. |
|
Gall bladder
|
Underside of right lobe of liver. Greenish, flattened, small sac. Connets liver to the duodenum. Passes liver to duodenum to emulsify fats and neutralize pH.
|
|
stomach
|
dorsal to liver. esophagal sphincter joins stomach and esophagus. pyloric sphincter joins stomach and duodenum (first part of small intestine). HCl and pepsin enzyme.
|
|
spleen
|
attached to the stomach. fisters the blood and supplies white blood cells. relatively small on pig's left
|
|
pancreas
|
Gland. produces many digestive enzymes and pH neutralizing sodium bicarbonate. produces hormones (insulin and glucogon). Light colored and relatively big. dorsal to stomach.
|
|
small intestine
|
three parts (in order) duodenum, jejunum, ilieum. lined with VILLI with MICROVILLI to max surface area for absorption. LOOK AT SLIDE!!!
|
|
large intestine
|
contains LOTS of bacteria that produce vitamins. absorbs them. stores and discards of waste with rectum and anus.
|
|
Thymus
|
gland in chest ventral side heart. produce lymphocytes for immune system. more used chewing gum appearance
|
|
Thyroid
|
secretes hormone thyroxin which regulates metabolic rates. just posterior (towards tail) to the larynx (voicebox) small and purply brown.
|
|
Lungs
|
in fetus, compact and firm instead of spongy.
|
|
diaphragm
|
radial muscles that regulates breathing through contracting. separates thrax from abdomen.
|
|
Kidneys
|
filters waste (like urea) for excretion. also regulates homeostasis by blood pH adjustments. reddesh organs on dorsal walls. NEPHRONS chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
two portions of the kidneys (cortex is outside and medulla is inside). LOOK AT SLIDE FOR KIDNEY |
|
Adrenal gland
|
creates important hormones like adreneline. located right on the kidney.
|
|
renal helium
|
the depression in the kidney where the URETER, RENAL ARTERY and RENAL VEIN enter the kidney.
|
|
Ureters
|
they carry waste from both kidneys to the URINARY BLADDER, the out through the URETHRA
|
|
Ovaries
|
eggs produced. small, light colored structures on females. will be paired.
|
|
Oviduct
|
tiny coils. fertilization of the egg occurs here. and pass to uterus.
|
|
Uterus
|
split into UTERINE HORNS that connect to oviducts. it's where the little piggies hang out as fetuses
|
|
Penis
|
still part of the abdominal wall in fetus
|
|
vasa deferentia
|
connets testes to urethra by passing over the ureters
|
|
testes
|
small reddish structures within a white, long, transparent, bulbous structure. produce testosterone. supplied with blood through spermatic vein.
|
|
epididymis
|
temporary storage of sperm before going to vas deferens
|
|
Cowper's gland, prostate gland and seminal vesicles
|
fluids from these structures combine with sperm to create semen. cg = spongy near penis. pg = small dark at joining of vas diferentia, sv = small ligth near ph
|
|
heart
|
four chambers: R/L ventrical, R/L atrium
collect de-oxygenated blood, in the right atrium, from the body and pump it, via the right ventricle, into the lungs. The left side collects oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium. From the left atrium the blood moves to the left ventricle which pumps it out to the body. |
|
pulmonary trunk
|
devides into pulmonary arteries. large light colored vessel attached to anterior of heart.
|
|
aorta
|
thick light colored vessel attached to middle of heart.
|
|
anterior vena cava
|
thin-walled dark colored vessel on pig's right-anterior of heart. from head and upper torso. empties deox blood into heart.
|
|
posterior vena cava
|
vessel on posterior of heart. from lower torso. empties deox blood into heart.
|
|
ductus arteriosus
|
ONLY in the fetus. closes off after. connects aorta to pulmonary arteries
|
|
foramen ovale
|
Only in the fetus. allows blood to pass from right to left of heart.
|
|
coronary artery
|
first branch from aorta. on surface of heart
|
|
brachiocephalic artery
|
branches from aorta. supplies blood to front legs and head. split into the right and left CAROTID ARTERIES (head), and riight and left SUBCLAVIAN arteries (front legs)
|
|
Iliac arteries / veins
|
arteries branch from the aorta to supply blood to back legs. veins join the posterior vena cava.
|
|
umbilical arteries
|
branch from aorta. carry blood from the fetus to camillaries in the placenta.
|
|
renal arteries
|
branch from the aorta to the kidnies
|
|
anterior mesenteric artery
|
provide pancreas and small intestine with blood. anterior to renal arteries.
|
|
coeliac artery
|
short vessel. branches off aorta to supply stomach, duodenum, liver, and spleen
SEE PAGE 31/32 for diagram for all!!!!! |
|
jugular veins
|
drain the head of blood. empties into anterior vena cava
|
|
subclavian arteries / veins
|
arteries supply front limbs with blood. vein drain front limbs of blood, empties into anterior vena cava.
|
|
hemiazygous vein
|
drains from the chest wall. parellel with aorta.
|
|
large hepatic portal vein
|
does NOT empty into the posterior vena cava. runs parallel to it. straight from LIVER to HEART
|
|
hepatic veins
|
hidden within the liver and empty directly into the vena cava then back to heart. DONT CONFUSE THESE TWO!!
|
|
Pituitary
|
gland. small. base of BRAIN. regulates many bodily functions. The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis. stimulates other endocrine glands. It is functionally connected to the hypothalamus.
|