Fcs 2400 Midterm

Front 1

Which of the following is true about the age at marriage today?

a) Age at marriage is declining to 1970s levels

b)It has remained virtually the same since 1890.

c)It is the highest recorded since the 1890 census.

d)Male's age at marriage has increased, but female's remains lower.

Back 1

Male's age at marriage has increased, but female's remains lower.

Front 2

The Census Bureau uses which term to describe a person or a group of people residing together?

Back 2

household

Front 3

Valuing personal happiness and goals and the development of distinct identity is a ________ value.

Back 3

individualistic

Front 4

Family diversity has progressed to the point that there is...

a)a breakdown in communal values and family bonds

b)confusion and distress among sociologists about what to study.

c)ethnic differences in most family members.

d)no typical family form today.

Back 4

no typical family form today.

Front 5

The U.S. Census Bureau defines a family as

Back 5

two or more persons sharing a household and who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Front 6

Today, only __________ percent of American households fit the 1950s nuclear family ideal of a married couple with children, where only the husband is employed.

Back 6

6%

Front 7

Compared to 50 years ago, marriage is not as __________ to Americans.

Back 7

important

Front 8

Same-sex couple households increased by _____ percent between 2000 and 2010.

Back 8

80%

Front 9

People are influenced by the society around them. Societal or structural conditions can negatively limit or positively__________ our options.

Back 9

expand

Front 10

The text points out that the social institutions of marriage and the family have become _________________ since the mid-twentieth century.

Back 10

less predictable

Front 11

Collecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)

Back 11

longitudinal study.

Front 12

__________ posits that during infancy and childhood a young person develops a general style of attaching to others, which persists in adulthood.

Back 12

Attachment theory

Front 13

Which of the following is NOT a style of relating, according to attachment theory?

a)secure

b)avoidant

c)compliant

d)insecure/anxious

Back 13

compliant

Front 14

Family researchers will often generate a __________, or “educated guess” about the way things are, based on their theoretical orientation.

Back 14

hypothesis

Front 15

Language, law, and social and economic systems are all part of the __________ environment.

Back 15

social-cultural

Front 16

The conflict perspective is the opposite of the___________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.

Back 16

structure-functional theory

Front 17

________promote recognition of women's unpaid work and the greater involvement of men in childcare and housework.

Back 17

Feminist perspectives

Front 18

According to the text, a national random sample of approximately __________ persons can validly represent the U.S. population.

Back 18

1,500

Front 19

The __________ perspective once argued for the functionality of specialized gender roles.

Back 19

structure-functional

Front 20

To help accomplish ethical standards, most researchers now must have their research plans reviewed by...

Back 20

an institutional review board (IRB)

Front 21

According to the text, a woman lives with a __________ or a divided awareness that caregiving is most important to her, but it is not highly valued in society.

Back 21

bifurcated consciousness

Front 22

“Chromosomes, hormones, the internal sex structures, the gonads and the external genitalia all vary more than most people realize.” This statement complements a discussion of which of the following?

a)intersexuality

b)transgenderism

c)transsexuality

d)homosexuality

Back 22

transsexuality

Front 23

Among immigrants, males may lose some masculine _______ because of the changing gender roles upon entering the U.S.

Back 23

privilege

Front 24

Evolutionary perspectives stress that stratification and the division of labor in society shape gender roles. In this view, it is __________ that produce the gendered behavior we see.

Back 24

adaptive strategies and skills

Front 25

The importance of the male provider role is a powerful theme in _______

Back 25

all race/ethnic groups

Front 26

While family members increasingly encourage girls to develop instrumental skills...boys are____

Back 26

boys are still discouraged from cultivating tenderness.

Front 27

Confidence, assertiveness, and ambition can be classified as __________ character traits.

Back 27

instrumental

Front 28

The text points out that school-age boys have a greater incidence of all but which of the following problems?

a)teen deaths

b)stress-related illnesses

c)learning and attention-deficit disorders

d)emotional disorders

Back 28

stress-related illnesses

Front 29

Michael is a stay-at-home father and feels pressure from society to watch football on TV, enjoy action movies, play basketball on the weekends, and bring home a bigger paycheck than his corporate executive wife. What is this societal pressure called?

Back 29

gender roles

Front 30

Traditionally, the ideal woman has several stereotypical traits. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a)career ambition

b)not too competitive

c)physically attractive

d)a good listener

Back 30

career ambition

Front 31

According to the text, human beings are sexual beings__________

Back 31

throughout their entire lives.

Front 32

The text reports that, after age, __________ was the second largest predictor of sexual frequency.

Back 32

marital satisfaction

Front 33

Masters and Johnson view sex as a __________ by which partners commit themselves to expressing their sexual feelings with each other.

Back 33

pleasure bond

Front 34

David and Susan have been married for 20 years. Both are less interested in sex than they were at the beginning of their marriage, and their sexual frequency has declined over this period of time. David and Susan’s circumstances reflect what the text refers to as

Back 34

habituation.

Front 35

Pauline is attracted to persons of either sex. Pauline is

Back 35

bisexual.

Front 36

Richard is attracted to same-sex partners. Richard is

Back 36

homosexual.

Front 37

Pediatric researchers have observed children between the ages of 2 and 5 engaging in rhythmic manipulation of their own genitals, they consider this behavior

Back 37

a natural form of sexual expression.

Front 38

According to the text, perhaps the most significant change in sexuality since the sexual revolution, among heterosexuals at least, has been in __________ sex.

Back 38

marital

Front 39

From a(n) __________ perspective, we consider that humans are designed for the purpose of transmitting their genes to the next generation.

Back 39

biosocial

Front 40

Within the scope of __________ sexuality, orgasm is important for women as well as for men, and sex is not only, or even primarily, for reproduction, but is an important means of enhancing human intimacy.

Back 40

expressive

Front 41

Genetic heritage is expressed through __________ processes

Back 41

hormonal

Front 42

On the societal level, __________ is the assignment to men of greater control and influence over society’s institutions.

Back 42

male dominance

Front 43

The text observes that there are three major culturally defined obligations in masculinity. Which of the following is NOT one of those obligations?

a)group leadership

b)portraying emotional openness

c)providing resources

d)protecting group territory

Back 43

portraying emotional openess

Front 44

Latino men are stereotyped as extremely patriarchal, following a cultural ideal of

Back 44

machismo

Front 45

The _______ message is the image of a woman who attained career success and supports her family

Back 45

superwoman

Front 46

A feminine expectation that has emerged over the past twenty years is that of the “__________ woman:” independent, ambitious, and self-confident.

Back 46

professional

Front 47

Consider the statement: “Due to social pressures, firms frequently have to hire underqualified women.” This illustrates __________ sexism.

Back 47

contemporary

Front 48

In Kimmel’s typology of camps within the men’s movement, which group emerged in the 1990s and tends not to focus on patriarchy as problematic?

Back 48

masculinists

Front 49

________ in language and media convey gendered expectations.

Back 49

Cultural images

Front 50

According to the text, employed women earned __________ percent of what employed men did.

Back 50

82%

Front 51

________ is an identity of someone who is attracted to various gender expressions, including those outside the gender-conforming binary.

Back 51

Pansexual

Front 52

In sharing sexual pleasure, each partner assumes ___________, that is, responsibility for his or her own sexual response.

Back 52

a certain role

Front 53

The 1990s saw the emergence of a new brand of marital infidelity—adultery on the net, or __________.

Back 53

cyberadultery

Front 54

Researchers found that engaging in extramarital affairs is _______.

Back 54

a rational decision

Front 55

In a(n) __________ society, sex is defined as a physiological activity, valued for its procreative potential.

Back 55

patriarchal

Front 56

Which major advance in the 1960s made sexual activity more widespread?

Back 56

birth control pill

Front 57

Brad hates homosexuals and has an aversion to homosexual behavior. His orientation is predicated on fear. It is most reasonable to conclude that Brad is

Back 57

homophobic.

Front 58

Early sexual behavior peaks at age five, declining thereafter until __________

Back 58

sexual attraction first manifests itself around age 11 or 12.

Front 59

Jacob has a partner of the opposite sex. This behavior involves Jacob’s

a) gender role

b) gender identity

c) masculinity

d) sexual orientation

Back 59

sexual orientation.

Front 60

The __________ model of sexual satisfaction explores the costs and rewards of a sexual relationship.

Back 60

interpersonal exchange

Front 61

A relative absence of assertiveness and ambition characterizes our expectations of women, who are thought to embody __________ character traits.

Back 61

expressive

Front 62

The _______ of men's and women's roles reflects a dramatic change since the gender roles of 1950s and before.

Back 62

convergence

Front 63

Images of men as instrumental and women as expressive are based on

Back 63

white, middle-class, heterosexuals.

Front 64

Women _____ men in the proportion of the population who are college graduates.

Back 64

surpass

Front 65

Confidence, assertiveness, and ambition can be classified as __________ character traits.

Back 65

instrumental

Front 66

According to the text, more and more women are entering nontraditional occupations such as

a)teaching

b) nursing

c) homemaking

d) the military

Back 66

the military

Front 67

Traditional gender roles cause both men and women

Back 67

to suffer in some way

Front 68

Which term is used by the text to describe societal attitudes and behaviors expected of and associated with the two sexes?

Back 68

gender role

Front 69

Contemporary sexism denies that gender discrimination persists and includes the belief that women

Back 69

are asking for too much.

Front 70

Some bureaucratic forms now include a check box for “____________” as well as those for “male” and “female,” suggesting the beginning of societal accommodation to a more complex sex/gender system.

Back 70

transgender

Front 71

In the exchange perspective, what a person expects out of a relationship is referred to as

Back 71

comparison level

Front 72

The interactionist perspective emphasizes the interpersonal negotiation of relationships in the context of

Back 72

sexual scripts.

Front 73

The text reports that, after age, __________ was the second largest predictor of sexual frequency.

Back 73

marital satisfaction

Front 74

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest percentage of people living with HIV/AIDS?

Back 74

black

Front 75

How many new cases of HIV are diagnosed each year in the U.S.?

Back 75

56,000

Front 76

A sense of one's sexual identity begins in _________

Back 76

childhood

Front 77

Asexuality differs from abstinence in that the latter is a _________

Back 77

conscious choice

Front 78

David and Susan have been married for 20 years. Both are less interested in sex than they were at the beginning of their marriage, and their sexual frequency has declined over this period of time. David and Susan’s circumstances reflect what the text refers to as

Back 78

habituation.

Front 79

Contrary to Internet and media reports, researchers point out that there is no evidence of _______.

Back 79

an infidelity epidemic

Front 80

In sharing sexual pleasure, each partner assumes ___________, that is, responsibility for his or her own sexual response.

Back 80

a certain role

Front 81

Boo-long is a member of Hmong culture and is about to marry. The Hmong practice the custom of a bride price. Which of the following is most likely to occur in preparation for the marriage?

Back 81

Boo-long will give the bride’s family a piece of property so that he can marry her

Front 82

Robert Winch proposed the theory of __________, whereby people are attracted to partners whose needs complement their own.

Back 82

complementary needs

Front 83

Most couples meet for the first time in face-to-face encounters, but more couples today also meet through other means. Which ways were noted by your textbook?

Back 83

online

Front 84

Research has found that cohabitors who marry after having a nonmarital birth experience ___________ marital relationship quality than do non-parent cohabitors who eventually marry.

Back 84

lower

Front 85

Which of the following is NOT one of the “rape myths” discussed in the text?

a)Statutory rape is not a crime.

b) Rapists are mentally ill.

c)The rape was somehow provoked by the victim.

d)Men cannot control their sexual urges.

Back 85

Statutory rape is not a crime.

Front 86

Most dating violence consists of

Back 86

pushing, grabbing, or slapping

Front 87

Date rape is also known as __________ rape

Back 87

acquaintance

Front 88

__________ couples vacillate between commitment and ambivalence and often disagree on how committed they were as well as why they became committed in the first place.

Back 88

Event-driven

Front 89

Of the components of consummate love, which is the most gradual to develop?

Back 89

commitment

Front 90

Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style shun or evade emotional closeness.

Back 90

avoidant

Front 91

Almost __________ percent of American adults said they believed in “one true love.”

Back 91

75 %

Front 92

In Robert Sternberg’s typology, __________ love is composed of all three dimensions of his theory.

Back 92

consummate

Front 93

Despite its growing appeal among college students, __________ has unfortunately been empirically linked to known risky behaviors such as alcohol abuse and engaging in sexual intercourse without using a condom.

Back 93

hooking up

Front 94

Research over the past twenty years has consistently shown that marriages that are preceded by more than one instance of cohabitation are __________ likely to end in separation or divorce than are marriages in which the spouses had not previously cohabited at all.

Back 94

more

Front 95

John Alan Lee classified six...

Back 95

love styles.

Front 96

The text points out that ___________ is closely related to the concept of date rape.

Back 96

sexual coercion

Front 97

Which of the following is NOT an interethnic marriage?

a)Puerto Rican-Cuban

b)African American-Black Caribbean

c) Thai-Chinese

d)African American-non-Hispanic white

Back 97

African American-non-Hispanic white

Front 98

__________ theory suggests that people tend to marry others whose social currency—social class, education, physical attractiveness—is similar to their own.

Back 98

Exchange

Front 99

Exchange Theory

Back 99

suggests that people tend to marry others whose social currency—social class, education, physical attractiveness—is similar to their own.

Front 100

Consider this statement: “If I can get him/her to do what I want done, then I’ll be sure he/she loves me.” This reflects

Back 100

manipulation.

Front 101

Which of the following is NOT one of the early indicators that a dating partner is likely to become violent eventually?

a)He/she grew up in a divorced home

b)He/she is quick to criticize or to be verbally mean

c)He/she handles ordinary disagreements with inappropriate anger or rage.

d)He/she appears unduly jealous, restricting and controlling.

Back 101

He/she grew up in a divorced home

Front 102

Some adults who live with their parents have never moved out, but others — called _________ — have left home and then returned.

Back 102

boomerangers

Front 103

The text indicates that perhaps the most important task for unmarried individuals of both genders is

Back 103

the development of strong social networks.

Front 104

On average, cohabiting relationships are...

Back 104

relatively short term.

Front 105

In 2004, this state became the first to legalize same-sex marriage.

Back 105

Massachusetts

Front 106

Today, between ________ percent of all births occur to a cohabiting mother.

Back 106

10-20%

Front 107

About __________ of all nonmarital births occur to cohabiting couples.

Back 107

half

Front 108

Same-sex couple adoption is explicitly prohibited in only which state?

Back 108

Mississippi

Front 109

A legally or policy-defined relationship between two individuals who live together and share a domestic life but are not married is called a

Back 109

domestic partnership

Front 110

domestic partnership

Back 110

A legally or policy-defined relationship between two individuals who live together and share a domestic life but are not married

Front 111

According to the text, which of the following is NOT used by same-sex couples as commitment markers?

a)hyphenating their last names

b)wearing rings

c)joint estate planning

d)moving to a more accepting area

Back 111

moving to a more accepting area

Front 112

In 2011, __________ percent of young adults aged 18-24 lived with their parents.

Back 112

more than 50

Front 113

________ percent of the never-married tell pollsters that they do want to marry

Back 113

61%

Front 114

Couples are “yoked” together by high expectations for permanence, bolstered by the strong social control of extended kin and community. Which does this describe?

Back 114

the institutional marriage bond

Front 115

the institutional marriage bond

Back 115

Couples are “yoked” together by high expectations for permanence, bolstered by the strong social control of extended kin and community.

Front 116

What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?

Back 116

love and ongoing emotional suppor

Front 117

_____ is a type of polygamy wherein a woman has multiple husbands.

Back 117

Polyandry

Front 118

With a group of other married couples, Melissa and Bobby regularly exchange partners in order to engage in purely recreational sex. This reflects a practice known as

Back 118

“swinging.”

Front 119

Louisiana, Arizona and Arkansas became the first states to

Back 119

enact a covenant marriage law

Front 120

Among Americans age 18 and older, _____ percent of college grads are married.

Back 120

64%

Front 121

The United States is increasingly __________, where romantic love is valued in marriage.

Back 121

individualistic

Front 122

Arranged marriage has characterized __________ societies

Back 122

collectivistic

Front 123

Comparing children’s well-being in married families with that of those in one-parent families, Linda Waite found that children from married families had several strengths. Which of the following is NOT one of her findings?

a)Children were about half as likely to drop out of high school

b)Children had a higher IQ and were more creative.

c)Children were significantly less likely to live in poverty

d)Children had better-quality relationships with their parents.

Back 123

Children had a higher IQ and were more creative.

Front 124

Janet is employed as an executive within a major corporation. When she decided to have a child, she stepped down from this position, thus giving up a six-figure income. Janet’s situation illustrates which of the “costs?”

Back 124

opportunity

Front 125

__________ percent of American women have had an induced abortion at some point in their lives.

Back 125

40%

Front 126

Jimmy is an adoptive child. Before his adoption was finalized, he was returned to the agency that handled his case. What does this reflect?

Back 126

disrupted adoption

Front 127

Of any industrialized country, which nation has by far the highest teen pregnancy, abortion, and birthrates?

Back 127

the United States

Front 128

In 1976, the U.S. total fertility rate dropped to the lowest level ever recorded, which was

Back 128

1.7

Front 129

The average success rate of reproductive technology (resulting in a baby) is __________ percent.

Back 129

27%

Front 130

Which United States Supreme Court decision legalized abortion throughout the United States?

Back 130

Roe v. Wade

Front 131

The text cites a dramatic increase in __________ as one of the striking developments in American women’s fertility patterns in recent years.

Back 131

multiple births

Front 132

Your text lists several disadvantages to having a one-child family. Which of the following is NOT one of these disadvantages?

a)As adults, single children have no help in caring for their aging parents

b)Family passes and discounts are unavailable.

c)Children have the lack of opportunity to develop sibling relationships.

d)Children may face extra pressure from parents to succeed.

Back 132

Family passes and discounts are unavailable.

Front 133

The text offers several explanations for the drop in overall fertility levels. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a)an increase in sexual abstinence

b)a higher incidence of childlessness

c)childbearing having increasingly shifted to later ages

d)waiting longer to have their first babies

Back 133

an increase in sexual abstinence

Front 134

In a 2002 survey, women respondents reported that over one-third of their recent births were __________.

Back 134

unintended

Front 135

The 2000 census indicated that some __________ siblings live together in the U.S.

Back 135

700,000

Front 136

Significant changes have taken place in American childbearing patterns in the decades since World War II. Which is NOT one of these changes discussed by the text?

a)Women are having children at later ages.

b)Childlessness—by choice or circumstance—is more common today.

c)The average number of children an American woman bears has declined.

d)Teen pregnancies are on the rise.

Back 136

Teen pregnancies are on the rise.

Front 137

Unwed birthrates are highest among...

Back 137

young women in their twenties.

Front 138

When parents are interviewed, they report a variety of emotional satisfactions from having children. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

a)the assurance that they would be well cared for in their old age

b)a sense of commitment and meaning in an uncertain social world

c) meaning and purpose in life

d)the identity of parenthood

Back 138

the assurance that they would be well cared for in their old age

Front 139

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest fertility rate in the U.S ?

Back 139

Hispanics

Front 140

Which of the following nations has the highest total fertility rate among developed nations?

Back 140

the United States

Front 141

In American society, having children is taken for granted, whereas not having children seems to need a justification. This reflects a

Back 141

pronatalist bias.

Front 142

About ______ of Artificial Reproductive Technology procedures result in a live birth.

Back 142

one-third

Front 143

From a review of the literature about couples who decided not to have children, which of the following is NOT one of the motives for childlessness?

a)higher marital satisfaction

b) dislike of children

c)monetary advantages

d)freedom from responsibility and opportunity for self-fulfillment

Back 143

dislike of children

Front 144

Us ideal family size

Back 144

2 kids

Front 145

Totalfertility rate (TFR)

Back 145

numberof live births a woman will have in her lifetime

Front 146

Replacementlevel

Back 146

thelevel of fertility necessary for a society to replace its population

Front 147

Pronatalistbias

Back 147

socialpressure to have kids

Front 148

Antinatalist

Back 148

slantedagainst having kids, or not doing all it can to support parents and their kids

Front 149

Value of Kids

Back 149

-purpose to a home

-broadens a parent's role in the world

Front 150

Valuefor children perspective

Back 150

theidea that children bring unique benefits to parents

Front 151

voluntary childlessness

Back 151

7% of women

it's ok to not have kids

Front 152

child spacing

Back 152

best is 3+ yrs

-Moretime and resources available to kids when spaced further

Front 153

only children

Back 153

19-20% of the US

Front 154

Polyamory

Back 154

"many loves"

-sexual relations outside of spouse

Front 155

Swinging

Back 155

exchange of sexual partners for recreational sex

Front 156

o Individualism

Back 156

In these societies one’s own self-actualizationand interests are a valid concern

Front 157

o Collectivism

Back 157

Peopleidentify with and conform to the expectations of their extended kin

-arranged marriages

Front 158

InstitutionalMarriage

Back 158

socialinstitution that follows traditional roles and permanence

o fam organized around economic production,kinship, community connections, father’s authority, marriage as a functionalpartnership

o couples are “yoked” together by high performanceexpectations

Front 159

Companionate Marriage Bond

Back 159

Pridein performing spousal and parenting roles

Front 160

Decline view

Back 160

o Individual caused moral weakening andself-indulgence

Front 161

Change view

Back 161

-believe in inevitable social change

-these types point out that nastalgia feelings may not be accurate truths

Front 162

Defining Family

Back 162

A family is any sexuallyexpressive, parent–child, or other kin relationship in which people—usuallyrelated by ancestry, marriage, or adoption—

(1) form an economic and/orotherwise practical unit and care for any children or other dependents,

(2)consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group, and

(3)commit to maintaining that group over time.

Front 163

3 major functions of a family

Back 163

-Raising children responsibly

-Providing economic and otherpractical support -Offering emotional security

Front 164

ExtendedFamily

Back 164

The extended family of parents,children, grandparents, and other relatives performed most societal functions,including economic production (e.g., the family farm), protection of familymembers, vocational training, and maintaining social order.

-pre-industrial or traditional societies

Front 165

Nuclear Family

Back 165

In industrial or modern societies,the typical family structure oftenbecame the nuclear family (husband, wife, children).

-only 6% of fams today resemble this

Front 166

Post Modern Family

Back 166

familymembers are not necessarily bound to one another by legal marriage, blood, oradoption.

-term postmodern family came intouse in order to acknowledge the fact that families today exhibit a multiplicityof forms and that new or altered family forms continue to emerge and develop.

Front 167

Family Decline Perspective

Back 167

-therelaxation of institutional control over relationships and families as “familydecline” or “breakdown.”

Front 168

Family Change Perspective

Back 168

arguethat change represents the historical evolution of family as a socialconstruct.

Front 169

Habitus

Back 169

formed by a person's racial/ethnic stratification exacerbates issues of social class

Front 170

Family Impact Lens

Back 170

perspective advocates for thinkingabout public policies in terms of how they affect whole family units.

Front 171

familistic values

Back 171

fam as a whole

-togetherness, stability, loyalty

Front 172

individualistic values

Back 172

self worth and self fulfillment

Front 173

Family ecology perspective

Back 173

how a family is influenced by their environment

Front 174

Structural Functional perspective

Back 174

investigates how a given social structure functions to fill basic societal needs

Front 175

Interaction-constructionist perspective

Back 175

focuses on interactions and relationships of individuals who act in awareness of another

Front 176

Exchange theory

Back 176

applies an economic perspective to social relationships

-limit costs=max rewards

Front 177

Family Systems theory

Back 177

the family as a whole is more than the sum of its parts

Front 178

conflict perspective

Back 178

opposite of structure-functional theory

-calls attn to power

-male dominance, possible domestic violence

Front 179

feminist perspective theory

Back 179

focus on gender issues

Front 180

biosocial perspective

Back 180

characterized by "concepts of linking psycho-social factors to physiology, genetics, and evolution

Front 181

attachment theory

Back 181

style established at a young age and influences ones adult relationships

Front 182

theory

Back 182

directs research, questions, and helps interpret data

Front 183

research

Back 183

used to modify, support, or challenge a theory

Front 184

cross sectional research

Back 184

gather data once

Front 185

longitudinal research

Back 185

data collected long term

Front 186

deductive reasoning

Back 186

concrete data research

Front 187

inductive reasoning

Back 187

observational data

Front 188

quantitative data

Back 188

data in numbers

Front 189

qualitative data

Back 189

data in words

Front 190

sex

Back 190

reference to male or female anatomy and physiology

Front 191

gender

Back 191

refers to societal attitudes and behaviors associated with the 2 sexes

Front 192

intersexual

Back 192

one has ambiguous genital anatomy

-1-4% of live births

Front 193

transsexual

Back 193

individuals are uncomfortable with gender society assigned to them

-raised one gender want to be the other

Front 194

gender bending

Back 194

involves explicitly challenging a gender mandate

Front 195

gender differential

Back 195

how society believes a gender should/shouldn't behave

Front 196

instrumental traits

Back 196

more masculine

-confidence, assertiveness, ambition

-accomplish goals

Front 197

expressive traits

Back 197

more feminine traits

-warmth, sensitivity, express feelings, places concerns of others before self interests

Front 198

professional women

Back 198

independent, ambitious, self-confident

Front 199

superwoman

Back 199

good wife/mom, career success, supports family by herself

Front 200

satisfies single

Back 200

woman who is happy and not in a serious relationship with a male

Front 201

bifurcated consciousness

Back 201

aware and troubled by:

1. care-giving is most important for her

2. caregiving is not as highly valued in society as is her success

Front 202

traditional sexism

Back 202

belief that women's roles should be more confined to family and not as fit as men for certain tasks and leadership

Front 203

modern sexism

Back 203

denies that gender discrimination persists and includes the belief that women are asking for too much

Front 204

masculinists

Back 204

work to develop a positive image of masculinity

Front 205

menarch

Back 205

girl's first menstrual cycle

Front 206

heterosexuals

Back 206

opposite sex partners

Front 207

homosexuals

Back 207

same sex partners

Front 208

bisexual

Back 208

attraction to both genders

Front 209

asexual

Back 209

desire intimate relationships but not sexual

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pansexual

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potential for someone to be attracted to various genders

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exchange perspective

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satisfaction depends on costs and rewards

-equality expectations

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interactionist perspective

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-culture determines sexual experiences

-assign meaning to sex

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pleasure bond

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commitment to expressing sexual feelings with each other

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sexual responsibility

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each partner is responsible for their own sexual response

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triangular theory of love

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1.Intimacy – close, connectedfeelings.

2.Passion – drives that lead toromance, physical attraction and sexual consummation.3.Commitment – the decision to lovesomeone and maintain that love.

obtain all 3=consummate love

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secure attachment theory

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style associated with better prospects for a committed relationship

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insecure/anxious attachment theory

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entails fear of abandonment, jealousy and controlling

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avoidant attachment theory

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leads one to pass up or shun closeness and intimacy

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love style: eros

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Characterizedby intense emotional attachment and powerful sexual feelings or desires.

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love style: storge

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Anaffectionate, companionate style of loving focused on deepening mutualcommitment, respect, friendship, and common goals.

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love style: Pragma

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Involvesrational assessment of a potential partner’s assets and liabilities

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love style: Agape

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Emphasizesunselfish concern for the beloved’s needs even when that requires personalsacrifice

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love style: Ludus

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Emphasizesenjoying many sexual partners rather than searching for a serious relationship

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love style: Mania

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Restson strong sexual attraction and emotional intensity. It differs from eros inthat manic partners are extremely jealous and moody, and their need forattention and affection is insatiable

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Martyring

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Bereluctant to suggest what they want.

Allowothers to be constantly late and never protest.

Helploved ones develop talents while neglecting their own.

Besensitive to others’ feelings and hide their own.

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Manipulators

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Askothers to do something that they could do. Assumethat others will happily do whatever they choose.

Beconsistently late.

Want others to help them developtheir talents but seldom think of reciprocating

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Limerance

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People in limerence fantasize aboutbeing with the limerent object in all kinds of situations. Limerence is characterized bylittle, if any, concern for the well-being of the limerent object. Limerence can turn into genuinelove, but more often than not, it doesn’t.

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social exchange

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ideas of bargaining resources and market

-people pick relationships if they're most rewarding

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traditional exchange

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women trade child bearing, domestic duties, sexual accessibility/attractiveness for a man's protection, status, support

-both genders can feel a disadvantage

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homogamy

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people marry people with similar race, age, education, religion, social class

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endogomy

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marrying within one's social group

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exogomy

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marrying outside one's social group

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heterogamy

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marrying someone dissimilar in race, age, education, religion, social class

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experience hypothesis

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cohabitating experiences affect individuals

-once married=more likely to divorce

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selection hypothesis

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individuals that choose serial cohabitations are different than those who don't

-more likely to divorce

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status exchange hypothesis

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someone who exchanges superior status, education, money, etc. and marries someone with a lower status