Fcns Competency Exam 1

Front 1

Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ of the airways.

A. destruction
B. enlargement
C. inflammation
D. missing portions

Back 1

C. Inflammation

Front 2

Piaget believed that between the ages of two and six, it is difficult for children to think:
A. preoperational
B. egocentric
C. operational
D. symbiotic

Back 2

A. Preoperational

Front 3

By age ______, children are convinced certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other.

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

Back 3

B.4

Front 4

Co-sleeping may be harmful to the baby when the mother:
A. sleeps just as much as an infant who sleeps alone.
B. will experience problems sleeping through the night for many years.
C. sleeps more than an infant who sleeps alone.
D. is in a fetal position around the baby.

Back 4

B. will experience problems sleeping through the night for many years

Front 5

Which of the following would be an example of qualitative data collection?
A. Documenting how many hours of television an eight-year-old child watches per week.
B. Observing and documenting the number of aggressive behaviors demonstrated by three-year-olds in a day-care setting.
C. Interviewing all of the siblings of a pair of conjoined twins and asking them about their personal interactions.
D. Measuring the heights and weights of a group of preschoolers.

Back 5

C. Interviewing all of the siblings of a pair of conjoined twins and asking them about their personal interactions.

Front 6

Leila's grandmother was so excited to see her for the first time that s he rushed up, reached for her, and began to smother her with kisses. Unfortunately, Leila started to cry an turned away, but accepted her grandmother's approaches later in the day. Leila is most likely a(an):
A. slow-to-warm baby.
B. baby who is hard to classify.
C. easy baby.
D. difficult baby.

Back 6

A. slow-to-warm baby.

Front 7

Children's “increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control” all contribute to their sense of:
A. autonomy.
B. egocentrism.
C. peer values.
D. conservation.

Back 7

A. autonomy.

Front 8

The process by which thoughts and actions are repeated in sequence enough times to no longer require much conscious thought is called:

A. automatization.
B. habituation.
C. coordination.
D. practice.

Back 8

A. automatization.

Front 9

Which of the following is characteristic of the emotions that develop over the course of the first 2 years of life?
A. They adapt and change according to cognitive maps.
B. They remain purely reflexive.
C. They remain cautious and anticipatory.
D. They are spontaneous and uncensored.

Back 9

D. They are spontaneous and uncensored.

Front 10

The values, assumptions, customs, clothing, technologies, and art that a group of people have developed over the years as a design for living are referred to as their:
A. culture
B. environment
C. cohort
D. ethnicity

Back 10

A. culture

Front 11

In school years, Piaget believed that children are in the period of:
A. latency.
B. concrete operational thought.
C. preoperational thought.
D. metacognitive thought.

Back 11

b. concrete operational thought

Front 12

Behaviorism is also called:

A. analysis theory.
B. emotional theory.
C. learning theory.
D. motivational theory.

Back 12

c. learning theory.

Front 13

The body mass index (BMI) is the lowest of the life span at age:

A. 5.
B. 1.
C. 13.
D. 9.

Back 13

a. 5

Front 14

An apparent (but not actual) drop between one surface and another is called a(an):
A. visual cliff.
B. actual cliff.
C. illusion drop.
D. zone of danger.

Back 14

a.visual cliff

Front 15

An example of antisocial behavior is:

A. Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks.
B. Jamie tries to share his toys with Jill.
C. Courtney helps her mom rake the leaves.
D. Holly watches while other children are playing jump rope.

Back 15

a.Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks

Front 16

Most zygotes with serious chromosomal problems:

A. are stillborn.
B. do not begin to develop or are aborted spontaneously.
C. are born prematurely.
D. are born after a full-term pregnancy.

Back 16

b. do not begin to develop or are aborted spontaneously

Front 17

An individual's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as:

A. foreclosed identity.
B. ethnic identity.
C. gender identity.
D. heterosexual identity.

Back 17

c. gender identity

Front 18

Tammi, age 4 months, and Dawn, age 13 months, are left with a baby-sitter. How will they react?

A. Tammi will be more upset than Dawn.
B. Neither is likely to show distress.
C. Both Tammi and Dawn will be similar in experiencing separation anxiety.
D. Dawn will probably show more distress than Tammi.

Back 18

d. Dawn will probably show more distress than Tammi

Front 19

The inborn differences between people in emotions, self-regulation, and activities are called:

A. temperament.
B. synesthesia.
C. personality.
D. genetics.

Back 19

a. temperament

Front 20

According to Freud, each stage of development involves:

A. a major developmental crisis.
B. potential conflicts.
C. need for cultural adaptation.
D. inappropriate sexual urges.

Back 20

b. potential conflicts

Front 21

Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years is called:

A. phallic pride versus penis envy.
B. the preoperational stage.
C. initiative versus guilt.
D. autonomy versus inferiority.

Back 21

c.initiative versus guilt

Front 22

Make-believe play increases in early childhood. What is make-believe play with peers called?

A. Sociodramatic play
B. Peer-interactive play
C. Peer-centered play
D. Share-play

Back 22

a. sociodramatic play

Front 23

Brain damage, loss of vision, and mental retardation which may be caused by eating undercooked meat and handling cat feces or garden dirt is attributable to:

A. syphilis.
B. toxoplasmosis.
C. lead or mercury pollution.
D. German measles.

Back 23

b. toxoplasmosis

Front 24

Josh is 15 months old. His parents are happy in their marriage and financially stable. Most likely, Josh's attachment type will be:

A. secure.
B. insecure-avoidant.
C. insecure-resistant/avoidant.
D. disorganized.

Back 24

a. secure

Front 25

Within the ecological-systems approach, the customs of the society, as well as the economic and political philosophies of the nation, are all a part of the:

A. exosystem
B. microsystem
C. macrosystem
D. mesosystem

Back 25

c. macrosystem

Front 26

In their attempt to advise parents to minimize children's exposure to media, experts recommend that children under the age of 2 watch no:

A. more than 1 hour of television daily.
B. more than 3 hours of television weekly.
C. television.
D. more than 30 minutes of television daily.

Back 26

c. television

Front 27

The Swiss scientist who emphasized that infants are active learners andt hat early learning is based on sensory and motor skills was:

A. Noam Chomsky.
B. Jean Piaget.
C. Eleanor Gibson.
D. Sigmund Freud.

Back 27

b. Jean Piaget

Front 28

The most common disease of young children in developed nations is:

A. early tooth decay
B. AIDS
C. anemia
D. insomnia

Back 28

a. early tooth decay

Front 29

What is the name of the thick, high-calorie fluid that is secreted by a new mother's breasts for a few days following birth?

A. colostrum
B. collodion
C. breast milk
D. glucose

Back 29

a. collostrum

Front 30

Secondary prevention involves:

A. responding to the first warning signs of a problem.
B. stopping a problem before it begins.
C. removing the second child if the first has been abused.
D. getting children out of abusive situations.

Back 30

a. responding to the first warning signs of a problem

Front 31

The idea that “multiple attentional, social and linguistic cues” contribute to early language learning supports the idea of:

A. a hybrid theory of language learning.
B. social impulse theories of language learning.
C. behavioral theories of language learning.
D. epigenetic theories of language learning.

Back 31

a.a hybrid theory of language learning

Front 32

About what percentage of 3- and 4-year-olds in the United States are enrolled in preschool?

A. 30
B. 10
C. 50
D. 80

Back 32

c. 50

Front 33

A disorder that may result from abnormal development of the corpus collosum is:

A. extreme impulsivity.
B. nearsightedness.
C. hearing impairment.
D. autism.

Back 33

d. autism

Front 34

During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:

A. use senses and motor skills to understand the world.
B. think logically and critically.
C. think of past and future events.
D. learn to use language to express sensations.

Back 34

a. use senses and motor skills to understand the world

Front 35

Katie's 9-month-old son Jason sucks and chews on just about everything he finds-toys, books, fingers, and so forth. According to psychoanalytic theory, Jason is in the:

A. sensorimotor stage.
B. attachment stage.
C. oral stage.
D. anal stage.

Back 35

c. oral

Front 36

Maggie has dyslexia. Most likely, she experiences the most difficulty with the _____ of words.

A. sounding out
B. sight
C. perception
D. spelling

Back 36

a. sounding out

Front 37

One thing bullies and their victims have in common is:

A. false image of maleness.
B. low tolerance for frustration.
C. future involvement in aggression.
D. inadequate emotional regulation.

Back 37

d. inadequate emotional regulation

Front 38

Which of the following best describes the cortex of the brain?

A. It makes up a small percentage of the outer brain and is responsible for movement.
B. It is found in the center of the brain and is responsible for primitive emotions and reflexes.
C. It is the gray matter of the brain where the intersections of dendrites and axons form.
D. It makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing.

Back 38

d. it makes up the outer layers of the brain and is responsible for thinking, feeling, and sensing.

Front 39

Thu is the youngest of four children. She has observed that her older sister is frequently given a treat when she offers to help clear the dinner table. Soon, Thu offers to help to clear the dinner table, even though she has never been asked to do so. What type of learning has taken place?

A. social learning
B. classical conditioning
C. operant conditioning
D. unconscious learning

Back 39

a. social learning

Front 40

Cohort refers to a group of people who:

A. are born within a few years of one another
B. hold the same political beliefs
C. support each other in times of stress
D. participate in a scientific experiment

Back 40

a. are born within a few years of one another

Front 41

The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to the functioning of:

A. high-level business companies.
B. animals.
C. computers.
D. athletic teams.

Back 41

c. computers

Front 42

According to psychoanalytic theories, human development is mainly determined by:

A. the environment in which we are raised.
B. our unconscious motives and drives.
C. The choices we make for ourselves.
D. the way we think about and understand the world.

Back 42

b. our unconscious motives and drives

Front 43

At the end of the second trimester, the fetus begins to develop hair all over called ________

A. Peach fuzz
B. Angel hair
C. Lumbago
D. Lanugo

Back 43

d. Languo

Front 44

Writing your name is a ____, whereas kicking a ball is a(an) ____.

A. coordination skill; inter-coordination skill
B. fine motor skill; gross motor skill
C. physical skill; cognitive skill
D. sensorimotor skill; preoperational skill

Back 44

b.fine motor skill; gross motor skill

Front 45

Studies comparing breast feeding with bottle feeding show that:

A. breast feeding is recommended for all mothers and babies.
B. scientific improvements make bottle feeding a better choice
C. breast fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches.
D. breast feeding should stop when the baby gets the first tooth.

Back 45

c. breast fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches

Front 46

A genome is:

A. the basic unit of heredity for a particular organism.
B. the manufacturer of protein.
C. the full set of genes for a particular organism.
D. a molecule of DNA.

Back 46

c. the full set of genes for a particular organism

Front 47

Which of the following reading and writing skills would be appropriate for a kindergartner?

A. decoding words with common prefixes and suffixes
B. decoding multisyllabic words
C. pronouncing the primary sound for each consonant
D. reading accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words

Back 47

c. pronoucing the primary sound for each consonant

Front 48

Because most traits are polygenic, they are:

A. constantly changing.
B. the result of dominant genes.
C. the result of recessive genes.
D. produced by many genes.

Back 48

d.produced by many genes

Front 49

Parents' beliefs that they mold their children's personalities may be diminished by the finding that:

A. most of the environmental effects may be from the “nonshared” environment.
B. temperament defines personality.
C. half of personality traits may be genetic.
D. half of personality traits may be environmental.

Back 49

a. most of the environmental effects may be from the "nonshared" environment.

Front 50

Erikson's second stage of development is called:

A. pride vs. shame.
B. attachment vs. self-awareness.
C. synchrony vs. attachment.
D. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

Back 50

d. autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Front 51

What percentage of school-age children in the United States live in a single-parent home?

A. 64
B. 28
C. 15
D. 73

Back 51

b.28

Front 52

Han's parents immigrated to the United States from China. While they focused strongly on passing their cultural traditions down to their son, they were distressed to observe Han incorporating some American traditions into their Chinese heritage. It would be helpful for Han's parents to understand that:

A. Han is rejecting his Chinese heritage to fit in with his American friends.
B. Han will want to return to China to experience his heritage purely.
C. Han will experience his culture somewhat differently than his parents did because of moving to the United States.
D. Han is confusing the traditions of two cultures simultaneously.

Back 52

c. Han will experience his culture somewhat differently than his parents did because of moving to the united states

Front 53

Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who are:

A. authoritarian.
B. permissive.
C. abusive.
D. overcontrolling.

Back 53

b. permissive

Front 54

The scientific method:

A. is not generally used in psychology, as it is quite susceptible to researcher bias.
B. is used only for the "hard" sciences, such as physics.
C. requires systematic testing hypotheses.
D. always involves conducting experiments.

Back 54

a. is not generally used in psychology, as it is quite susceptible to researcher bias

Front 55

Which of the following math skills would be expected of a child in fifth grade?

A. measuring the length of an object twice
B. multiplying a fraction by a whole number
C. graphing points on the coordinate plane to solve problems
D. knowing number names

Back 55

c. graphing points on the coordinate plane to solve problems

Front 56

The fetus begins to develop male sex organs if:

A. no biochemical signal is received.
B. the master signal from the Y chromosome overrides the X signal.
C. the Y chromosome sends a biochemical signal.
D. the X chromosome sends a biochemical signal.

Back 56

c. the Y chromosome sends a biochemical signal

Front 57

A friend's child has just been diagnosed with ADHD. Based on what you have learned from the text, you might emphasize to your friend the importance of:

A. accepting that the child will always be a slow learner.
B. keeping sugar and caffeine out of the child's diet.
C. avoiding prescription drugs.
D. finding the proper classroom environment.

Back 57

d. finding the proper classroom environment

Front 58

In Erikson's psychosocial theory, resolutions to developmental crises depend on the interaction between the individual and:

A. her ability to learn from experience.
B. the social environment.
C. her genetic predisposition.
D. the area of the body where sexual urges are centered.

Back 58

b. social environment

Front 59

A fetus whose mother contracts ______ may be born blind, deaf, and brain-damaged.

A. rubella
B. mumps
C. measles
D. chicken pox

Back 59

a. rubella

Front 60

The problem with smaller school classes is that:

A. the research supporting their advantages is mixed.
B. politicians won't support them.
C. they are too costly.
D. evidence supporting their benefit is correlational.

Back 60

a. the research supporting their advantages is mixed

Front 61

The theory that provides a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development is:

A. psychoanalytic.
B. cognitive.
C. developmental.
D. epigenetic.

Back 61

c. developmental

Front 62

According to the New York Longitudinal Study, infants' temperaments can be classified by what age?

A. 3 months
B. 1 year
C. 6 months
D. 1 month

Back 62

a. 3months

Front 63

In the industry vs. inferiority stage, children try to:

A. become toilet trained.
B. figure out who they are.
C. become accepted by important others.
D. master new skills.

Back 63

d. master new skills

Front 64

Identify a major characteristic of human development emphasized in the life-span approach:

A. plasticity
B. reciprocity
C. discontinuity
D. continuity

Back 64

a. plasticity

Front 65

The mental processing of sensory information as it comes into the brain is:

A. input.
B. cognition.
C. sensation.
D. perception.

Back 65

d. perception

Front 66

The Apgar is used one minute and five minutes after birth to:

A. determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care.
B. measure the health of the new mother.
C. help the mother recover from childbirth.
D. measure sensory abilities.

Back 66

a. determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care

Front 67

What did Harlow's research demonstrate about infants' attachments to their mothers?

A. They rarely occur naturally.
B. They are based on food supply.
C. They are genetically programmed.
D. They are based on comfort and touch.

Back 67

d. they are based on comfort and touch

Front 68

Erikson believed that the main crisis during adolescence involved:

A. establishing a sense of self- control.
B. trying to find an intimate relationship.
C. learning to trust others in the world.
D. trying to determine who one is.

Back 68

d. trying to determine who one is

Front 69

A five-year-old might stop herself rom hitting another child, because she has developed:

A. emotional regulation.
B. social referencing.
C. self-esteem.
D. identification.

Back 69

a. emotional regulation

Front 70

Choose the accurate statement.

A. Acquaintances and close friends are equally predictive of emotional health in later life.
B. Being accepted by the entire group is more important than having a close friend.
C. Older children tend to choose friends who are of the same sex, race, and economic background as themselves.
D. Girls wan to have a best friend; boys prefer a group of acquaintances.

Back 70

c. other children tend to choose friends who are of the same sex, race, and economic background as themselves

Front 71

"I catched two mices in a trap" is an example of:
A. egocentric speech.
B. the past imperfect.
C. overregularization.
D. literal translation.

Back 71

c. overregularization

Front 72

Down syndrome, Asperger syndrome, and depression all begin with:

A. attention-deficit.
B. a broken chromosome.
C. a biological anomaly.
D. slowed reaction time in answering questions.

Back 72

c. biological anomaly

Front 73

Children learn best if teaching reflects their:

A. motivation.
B. culture.
C. personal experiences.
D. language.

Back 73

b. culture

Front 74

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child:

A. is allowed to discover the solution to a task on her own.
B. be assisted by an adult until the child can perform the task well done.
C. is told instructions for a task only once.
D. interact with an adult to accomplish the task.

Back 74

d. interact with an adult to accomplish the task

Front 75

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Preoperational thought?

A. Irreversibility
B. Static reasoning
C. Gender inferiority
D. Egocentrism

Back 75

c. gender inferiority

Front 76

The hippocampus is a structure in the brain that processes:

A. memory.
B. body temperature.
C. the execution of small motor skills.
D. language.

Back 76

a. memory

Front 77

Fast mapping explains how children are able to:

A. learn to pronounce new words.
B. follow simple instructions.
C. add words into their vocabulary.
D. understand new words.

Back 77

d. understand new words

Front 78

According to Freud's theory, development in the first six years occurs in three:

A. unconscious progressions.
B. two- year stages.
C. psychosocial stages.
D. psychosexual stages.

Back 78

d. psychosexual stages

Front 79

When we adjust our old ways of thinking in order to include new information, Piaget calls this process:

A. accommodation.
B. equilibration.
C. assimilation.
D. synchrony.

Back 79

a. accommodation

Front 80

If Gillian is a typical 7-year-old, she learns as many as ______ new words per day.

A. 15
B. 20
C. 10
D. 5

Back 80

b.20

Front 81

To find a good preschool, a parent should look for:

A. a desk and a chair for each child; a curriculum geared toward cognitive development.
B. experienced teachers; curriculum that teaches children as a whole group.
C. teachers responsive to children's needs; low teacher-child ratios.
D. a curriculum geared toward behavioral control; experienced teachers.

Back 81

c. teacher responsive to children's needs; low teacher-child ratios

Front 82

Emma's speech at age 3 was difficult to understand, and she did not demonstrate the typical language explosion. Now at age 8, she is experiencing difficulty in school. Her early speech history may have been an early indication for:

A. pervasive developmental disorder.
B. dyslexia.
C. Asperger syndrome.
D. ADHD.

Back 82

b. dyslexia

Front 83

A cleft palate is most likely to develop during which period of gestation?

A. 1–4 weeks
B. 32–36 weeks
C. 7–10 weeks
D. 6–9 weeks

Back 83

d. 6- 9 weeks

Front 84

Children usually prefer to play with:

A. children who are older than they are.
B. their parents.
C. their peers.
D. their older siblings.

Back 84

c. their peers

Front 85

Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting the _______ pattern of parenting.

A. authoritative
B. autocratic
C. authoritarian
D. democratic

Back 85

a. authoritative

Front 86

To teach a child a second language, the most effective approach is to start during:

A. early adolescence, about age 12
B. middle childhood, about age 7
C. infancy
D. adolescence, about age 15

Back 86

b. middle childhood, about age 7

Front 87

When playing with their children, fathers are more likely than mothers to:

A. help them play with their toys.
B. give them food.
C. read stories.
D. engage in physical play.

Back 87

d. engage in physical play

Front 88

If a scientist wanted to use scientific observation to see how frequently school children s hare food at lunch, she could:

A. bring a small group into her laboratory and observe them eating.
B. watch the children from an unobtrusive spot in the school lunchroom.
C. mingle with the children and ask them about sharing.
D. give half of them candy and see how many would share.

Back 88

b. watch the children from an unobtrusive spot in the school lunchroom

Front 89

Full-term pregnancies that are determined at the time of conception last:

A. 36 weeks
B. 34 weeks
C. 38 weeks
D. 40 weeks

Back 89

c. 38 weeks

Front 90

Kohlberg measured morality by:

A. watching how people behave in morally ambivalent situations.
B. analyzing the words people choose when explaining tier answers.
C. determining what people felt was right or wrong.
D. analyzing how people reason about that is right and wrong.

Back 90

d. analyzing how people reason about what is right and wrong

Front 91

The amygdala is a brain structure that registers:

A. emotions.
B. speech perception.
C. handedness.
D. body temperature.

Back 91

a. emotions

Front 92

The ways in which parents can best help their obese child is by:

A. exercising with them.
B. not keeping microwavable food in the pantry.
C. not rewarding their victories with foods.
D. purchasing healthier foods to bring home.

Back 92

a. exercising with them

Front 93

Using kangaroo care in developing nations could reduce infant deaths by up to ______ percent.

A. 30
B. 40
C. 10
D. 20

Back 93

B. 40

Front 94

The problem with smaller school classes is that:

A. evidence supporting their benefit is correlational.
B. they are too costly.
C. the research supporting their advantages is mixed.
D. politicians won't support them.

Back 94

C. the research supporting their advantages is mixed

Front 95

Piaget believed that between the ages of two and six, it is difficult for children to think:

A. egocentrically.
B. pre-operationally.
C. subjectively.
D. abstractly.

Back 95

B. preoperationally

Front 96

The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is:

A. learning when and how to make moral decisions.
B. learning when and how to make friends.
C. learning when and how to express emotions.
D. learning when and how to make decisions.

Back 96

C. learning when and how to express emotions

Front 97

The sense that is least developed at birth is:

A. smell
B. hearing
C. vision
D. taste

Back 97

C. vision

Front 98

The recessive gene for a certain learning disability is X-linked. This means that:

A. males will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents.
B. females are twice as likely as males to have this disability.
C. females will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents.
D. males can carry for the gene but will not have the disability.

Back 98

C. females will have this disability only if they inherit the gene from both parents

Front 99

If we place a dot of rouge on an 18-month-old's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. this shows that the child has some:

A. perceptual constancy.
B. dynamic perception.
C. self- awareness.
D. social referencing.

Back 99

C. self-awareness

Front 100

According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like a:

A. mime who imitates behavior of all kinds.
B. scientist who experiments to see.
C. child in the “terrible twos.”
D. neurotic who cannot take no for an answer.

Back 100

B. scientist who experiments to see