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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_____ contractions are those in which the muscle shortens and does work.
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Concentric
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_____ contractions are those in which the muscle lengthens.
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Eccentric
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_____ contractions are more powerful than _____ contractions.
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Eccentric, concentric
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_____ contractions are those in which the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens.
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Isometric
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Smooth muscle contractions are called _____.
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Peristalsis
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_____ contractions are those in which the muscle length changes and moves the load.
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Isotonic
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In _____ contractions, the heavier the load, the _____ the contraction.
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Isotonic, slower
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T/F:
You always have body movement, no matter the contraction. |
FALSE
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_____ muscles have gap junctions, but aren't chemically coupled cells.
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Smooth
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_____ potential defined by charges across the membrane. Outside is negative, inside is positive.
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Resting
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Resting potential has a _____ charge outside and a _____ charge on the inside.
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negative, positive
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_____ respond to light.
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Photoreceptors
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Photoreceptors of the eye contain _____ and _____.
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Rods, cones
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_____ are found in the photoreceptors and are sensitive to light.
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Rods
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_____ are very sensitive to light and are best suited for night vision.
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Rods
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_____ need bright light for activation and allow for color perception.
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Cones
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_____ _____ is where the nerve leaves the eye to the brain.
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Optic disc
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_____ is a transparent mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and folds back over the anterior surface of the eyeball.
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Conjuctiva
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Resting potentials has Na ions _____ and K ions _____ the cell.
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outside, inside
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All taste sensations occur ______.
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On the top of the tongue.
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To be able to taste/smell _____.
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molecules must be soluble in saliva or mucous.
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_____ is fluid inside the membrane of the inner ear.
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Enolymph
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_____ is fluid between the bones and membranes.
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Perilymph
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High frequencies are sensed by _____.
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the base of the cochlea.
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Low frequencies are sensed _____.
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by the top of the cochlea.
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____ is fluid located in the posterior eye.
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Vitreous humor
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_____ is the fluid located in the anterior eye.
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aqueous humor
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Retinal sensitivity ____ and visual activity ____ when first acclimating to light.
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decreases, increases
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_____ _____ is the degeneration of muscles leading to atrophy
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muscular dystrophy
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_____ muscles are the muscles capable of regeneration.
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smooth
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____ and ____ are fibers of muscles.
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myosin and actin
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Intense exercise of short duration produces ____ rapidly, but recovery is _____.
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fatigue, rapid
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Strongest muscle contraction is achieved by _____.
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increasing voltage of stimuli
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During exercise, an _____ of muscle cells cannot occur because skeletal muscles cannot divide.
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increase
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Actin is normally blocked by _____ not allowing an interaction with myosin. _____ binds, allowing an interations.
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troponin, calcium
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_____ stores oxygen inside muscle cells.
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Myoglobin
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_____ reticulum is former _____ reticulum and stores _____.
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Sarcoplasmic, endoplasmic, calcium
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_____ is found between two _____ discs.
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sarcomere, Z
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_____ is the functional unit of skeletal muscle.
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sarcomere
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_____ period is the first few milliseconds following stimulation when excitation-contraction coupling occurs.
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latent
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The level of calcium _____ when action potential is gone.
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drops
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_____, _____, and _____ make striations in muscle cells.
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actin, myosin, and sarcomere
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_____ surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
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endomysium
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_____ surrounds whole muscle cells.
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epimysium
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_____ surrounds fascicles layer of fibrous tissue.
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perimysium
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_____ is the protein that functions as troponin in smooth muscles.
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calmodulin
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Athletes warm up to increase the level of _____ inside of the cells.
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calcium
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During the _____ period, cells cannot be stimulated again until re polarization is completed.
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refractory
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_____, ______, and _____ are the three properties of muscle cells.
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contractibility, excitability, and extensability
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Skeletal muscles are _____ _____ shape and contain _____ nuclei.
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long cylidrical, many
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_____ muscles drive aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
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skeletal
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Cardiac muscles are _____ _____ shaped and contain _____ nuclei
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short branched, 1-2
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_____ muscles cannot drive anaerobic respiration.
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Cardiac
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_____ _____ is a constant state of slight contraction in skeletal muscles.
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muscle tone
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In muscle tone, flexors have ____ tone than extensors.
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more
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_____ are sensitive to light, black and white vision, and are not precise
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Rods
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_____ are not sensitive to light, color vision, and are precise.
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cones
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_____ layer functions as protection to fibrous tissue.
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tunic
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_____ allows light to enter the eye and is part of the light-bending apparatus of the eye.
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Cornea
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_____ is blood vessl-rich, dark brown membrane of the eye. Composed of two tissues: vascular and smooth.
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choroid
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The middle ear is connected to the pharnyx by the _____ _____ tube.
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pharengeal tympanic
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the _____ _____ equalizes the pressure of the inner ear to the pressure of the outside.
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pharengeal tympanic tube
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The _____ _____ is in the middle of the _____ in the inner ear and opens the _____ on the cochlea side.
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oval window, stapes, sala vestibula
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Balance is delivered to the _____ _____ first, then to the _____, and finally to the _____.
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brain stem, thalamus, rest of the cortex
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_____ ______ is a mismatch between visual and equilibrium input to the brain.
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motion sickness
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_____ are stones ontop of hair cells that help with equilibrium.
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otoliths
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_____ deafness occurs when something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear.
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conduction
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Along with conduction deafness, damage to the ____ also causes deafness.
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nerve
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The _____ nerve is the first synapse in the medulla
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vestibularcochlear
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In the US, employees must wear ear protection at _____ db or higher.
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90
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_____ is not a type of taste bud.
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filiform
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_____ is a degeneration disease of the olfactory nerve. causes an inability to smell.
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anosmiasis
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_____ _____ are part of the retina
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cilliary bodies
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_____ muscles are located on the bottom of the eye.
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Inferior
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_____ muscles are located on the top of the eye.
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Superior
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_____ muscles are located on the inside of the eye.
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medial
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_____ muscles are located on the outside of the eye.
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lateral
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