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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
This is the lowest possible point water can flow |
Base level |
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What are the two determining factors for river flow? |
size Climate it flows through |
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What is created when precipitation rate exceeds soil infiltration? What happens to the product of this interaction? |
Surplus It starts overland flow or what's called sheet flow |
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What are the two types of temporary channel created by sheet flow |
Rills Gullies |
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What are the three processes of Fluvial erosion? |
Raindrop impact that picks up and carries sediment Sheetflow Rills/gullies |
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What happens when precipitation rate exceeds soil infiltration rate? |
Sheetflow |
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When Sheetflow occurs where does it drain into? |
rills/Gullies |
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A thin layer of water that moves downslope without being confined to channels |
Sheetflow |
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What is the area occupied by the system of the river and its tributaries called? |
Drainage basin |
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This type of drainage pattern is the most efficient way to move fluid |
Dendritic |
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This type of drainage pattern is found where mountains are sources |
Radial |
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This type of drainage pattern is spuratic and occurs when the landscape got ****** up |
Deranged |
Glaciers make this |
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How does a stream navigate across a resistant rock |
It goes straight through |
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How does stream navigate through a non resistant rock type |
It creates more channels |
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What the **** is a trellis? |
Near right angled streams formed over resistant rock |
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How are canyons formed |
They are formed by streams cutting through resistant rock.l and non resistant rock is eroded through |
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What is a superimposed stream? |
A steam on top of or passing through a mountain |
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What are the 2 types of superimposed mountains? |
One that passes over a buried mountain One that cuts through an emerging mountain range, creating a water gap and eventually a steam valley |
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What are valleys formed from? |
Easily eroded rock |
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What are the 3 ways a river can cut through a geological structure |
Antecedent stream (there first) Cutting across uplifted ridge River keeps pace with uplift |
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What is Q |
The amount of water leaving the steam (discharge) |
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Where does water move slowest? |
On the edges or top |
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How do you calculate stream gradient? |
relief ÷ distance |
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What is the Q for rock river? |
.5 m/km |
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This type of gradient flow is low volume, moderate velocity, and turbulent flow |
Turbulent |
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This type of flow type is high volume, high velocity |
Laminar |
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When erosion = deposition what kind of steam is it? |
Graded steam |
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If a river has decreased erosion what happens to it's base level and sediment load? |
^ base level V sediment load |
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If a river system has decreased base level what does that mean for its erosion and sediment load? |
^erosion V sediment load |
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This is the point in which water drops significantly |
Nickpoint |
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What are the 3 processes that causes a river to erode rock |
Hydraulic action Abrasion Solution |
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Hydraulic action |
Force of the water |
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Abrasion |
Force of impact sediment |
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Solution |
Dissolved sediment |
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What are the 3 things that control Fluvial erosion |
Q Friction on bed and banks Erodibility of bed and banks |
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What does Saltation mean? |
jumping |
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How much is the average dissolved load? |
30% |
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How much is the average suspended load? |
>50% |
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What % is the bed load? |
10-20% |
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What is the suspended load composed of? |
clay and silt |
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What is the bedload composed of? |
sand and gravel |
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What initiates deposition |
Decreased velocity |
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What is Alluvium? |
Fluvial sediments deposited by a river |
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Do large or small pieces of sediment get dropped first? |
large |
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Order these in from first to last dropped Sand/ silt/ gravel |
Gravel, sand, silt |
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What is the gradient and development stage of a V shaped valley |
Steep Early |
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What is the gradient and development stage of a U shaped valley? |
Low Old |
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This type of channel pattern occurs when the load is too great to transport |
Braided |
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This type of channel pattern occurs in a balanced graded steam |
Meandering |
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Which moves faster, the inside of a curve or the outside of a curve? |
Outside |
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How do valleys expand? |
The shifting river shape over time |
Writhing snake |
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Inside or outside, where is the river cut and where does it deposit sediment |
It cuts on the outside Deposits on the inside |
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What is a meander loop? |
A single curve or bend on a stream |
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Watersheds are defined by? |
drainage divides |
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Excess surface water percolates down through the zone of _____ to reach the zone of ______ at and below the water table |
Aeration Saturation |
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When a river reaches base level, it's forward velocity earthly decelerates as it enters a large body of standing water and ______ Is formed |
A delta |
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History seems to teach us that humans are generally unwilling or unable to perceive hazards in a familiar environment. True or False? |
True |
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