Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
drug |
any chemical that affects functions in the body ·include alcohol, nicotine, caffeine ·CNS depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis ·medications ·toxins |
|
addiction |
physical and psychological dependence on a psychoactive substance that cross BBB (blood brain barrier) and temporarily alters the chemical balance of the brain ·complusive, deny there's addiction ·overpowering need and desire ·detrimental to individual and society ·relapse is common |
|
What addictive drugs do to the brain |
·Act on brain circuitry that motivates behavior (dopaminergic activity) ·causes release and prolonged action of DA, 5-HT and other NT's prolonged exposure leads to down regulation of receptors or NT depletion to maintain homeostasis |
|
tolerance |
body's response to the drug decreases (more drug needed) |
|
withdrawal |
opposite effects of the drug resulting from abstinence (physiological and psychological) |
|
abuse |
substance use that has negative consequences |
|
dependence |
use that is compulsive, out of control, has negative consequences, and often includes physical dependence |
|
Risk factors |
·Increase of stress and lack of healthy coping strategies ·availability, access, money ·comorbid personality and mood disorders ·family history and genetics ·culture |
|
sexual dysfunctions |
persistent problems with sexual interest, arousal, orgasm (and pain) |
|
paraphilia |
disordered sexual relationship and abnormal sexual behavior |
|
exhibitionism |
intensely involves exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger that usually leads to arousal |
|
voyeurism |
involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing or engaging in sexual activity |
|
fetishism |
arousal involving nonliving objects ·object becomes necessary for arousal |
|
Transvestic disorder |
type of fetishism where [heterosexual] men become sexually aroused by wearing women's clothing |
|
sadism/masochism |
recurrent need to imagine or act out the infliction of pain on a victim to get sexually aroused ·need for physical or psychological suffering to get sexually aroused |
|
pedophilia |
sexual attraction or acvtivity with prepubescent children ·perpetrator > 16 y/o (and 5+ years older than victim) |
|
Frotteurism |
involving touching and rubbing against a nonconsenting person ·usually male to female |
|
Gender dysphoria |
feeling as if you were born the wrong sex |
|
psychosis |
state of being profoundly out of touch with reality ·impaired sense of reality psychotic symptoms occur in: schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar, substance use/abuse, borderline PD, post-partum psychosis, etc. |
|
hallucinations |
internally generated sensory experiences |
|
delusions |
false beliefs |
|
schizophrenia |
for 1 month showing 2 or more symptoms (most of the time): delusions hallucinations disorganized speech: loose associates, echolalia, echopraxia, word salad very abnormal motor activity (e.g. catatonia) feelings of turmoil decreased: motivation (avolition), emotions (affective flattening), speech (alogia), sense of pleasure (anhedonia), social interaction difficulty functioning in various areas of life ·beyond 1 month, symptoms present for >5 months |
|
delusional disorder |
realistic delusion (>1 month) without other psychotic symptoms |
|
Types of schizo. |
·Jealous: convinced your partner is having an affair ·erotomanic: believes another person is in love with them ·grandiose: believes they have a special talent ·persecutory: believes people are plotting against them ·somatic: concerns about bodily dysfunction schizophreniform: provisional diagnosis schizoaffective: mood cx + schizophrenia—depressive and bipolar type |
|
Etiology of schizophrenia |
·genetics ·pregnancy/birth complications ·neurochemical abnormalities (DA hypothesis) ·brain abnormalities ·environmental/stress ·family dynamics |
|
Treatmeant for schizophrenia |
anti-psychotics cognitive restructuring therapy token economies (behavioral modification) working w/ patients that have psychosis: recognize symptoms and acknowledge them as hallucinations/delusions. Show you genuinely understand its real for them, but let them know that you don't believe it (empathy) |
|
Insanity defense |
legal term could the person tell difference b/w right or wrong at the time of the crime? Do they belong in a prison or mental hospital? is the person competent to stand trial? |
|
personality |
an attempt to describe who you are the way you go about your daily life i.e.: behavior, identity, attitudes OCEAN: Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism |
|
categories of personality disorders |
1. odd, eccentric: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal 2. dramatic, emotional, erratic: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic 3. anxious, fearful: avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive |
|
Paranoid PD |
·Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness in others ·"People are out to get me!" Tend to be: antagonistic, highly guarded, emotionally withdrawn causes: physically abusive family; child is BAD; trust needs not met defenses: projection and denial treatment: earn their trust and help them view world more accurately |
|
Schizoid PD |
Emotionally detached w/ no interest in relationships tend to be: loners, passive, indifferent causes: very abusive and neglectful family; learned that their neediness drives away other people defenses: withdrawal and intellectualization treatment: very difficult, but try to connect and show that its okay |
|
Schizotypal PD |
Eccentric behavior, appearance and thinking tend to be: anxious, suspicious, socially awkward causes: history of massive abuse; chaotic and isolated up-bringing defenses: ideas of reference and magical thinking |
|
Antisocial PD |
·"Psychopath" or "sociopath" ·desregard for others' rights ·lack of remorse tend to be: deceitful (*can be charming*), impulsive, aggressive causes: combination of factors defenses: identification with the aggressor treatment: possibly group therapy |
|
Borderline PD |
Unstable relationships & behavior tend to be: volatile, impulsive, self-destructive, INTENSE emotionally causes: unreliable/inconsistent attachment; sexual abuse; unempathetic parents; stressful and choatic environment, abandonment defenses: splitting, acting out emotions, projection treatment: be a "constant object", DBT; emotional regularion |
|
Histrionic PD |
Need for attention by superficial emotions tend to be: flirtatious/seductive, drama-queens, "damsel in distress" 2 types: 1. appearance 2. somatic complaints causes: insecure attachments, not enough attention defenses: repression treatment: non-reactive engagement and reflection/interpretation of transference |
|
Narcissistic PD |
·Superficial "self-love" ·easily offended ·seemingly unaware of others and their feelings causes: lack of affirmation as a child, they didn't feel special, emotionally neglected by parents or valued for external qualities defenses: grandiosity, idealize self, devalue others treatment: empathize and increase self-awareness |
|
Avoidant PD |
·Pathological shyness ·They want relationships, but are sure they will be rejected and disliked causes: painful childhood experiences involving extreme shame defenses: withdrawal, "escape into fantasy" treatment: be warm and accepting (and patient) |
|
Dependent PD |
·Feel they cannot function on their own tend to be: clingy, needy, incompetent (despite being competent) causes: anxiety over independent, adult role; enmeshed family defenses: regression, identification, idealization treatment: avoid codependence and care-taker role; increase patient's initiative; focus on maladaptiveness of dependency style |
|
Obsessive-compulsive PD |
·"Perfectionism" ·extreme need for order, control and organization ·lack of distress/awareness tend to be: pack-rats, stingy, over-achievers causes: cold parents who coerce child to perform, be correct and follow the rules (punished for imperfection, rarely rewarded for success) punishment=guilt defenses: reaction formation, undoing, isolation of affect treatment: flexibility; you don't have to be perfect; humor |
|
Take-home message? |
·Relating to people with PDs is very difficult, if not IMPOSSIBLE ·Understand where the behavior comes from ·Don't blame yourself ·Working w/ them in therapy requires a lot of empathy and patience |