Exam 3 Exercise, Activity & Immobility

Front 1

Body alignment

Back 1

Relationship of one body part to another

Front 2

Body balance

Back 2

Achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture

Front 3

Friction

Back 3

Effect of rubbing or resistance when a moving body meets a surface when turning

Front 4

Name 4 things the Nervous system regulates

Back 4

1. movement
2. posture
3. Proprioception
4. Balance

Front 5

Name 4 Pathological influenced conditions w/ example

Back 5

1. Congenital defects e.g.scoliosis
2. Disorders of bones, joints, and muscles e.g. arthritis
3. CNS damage e.g. MS,
4. Musculoskeletal trauma e.g. sprains, and fractures

Front 6

Name 3 things you look for when assessing
body alignment

Back 6

(1) Standing: head erect and midline; body symmetrical; spine straight; abdomen tucked; knees slightly flexed in line of hips and ankles; feet flat
(2) Sitting: head erect; neck straight; weight on buttocks and thighs; feet on the floor; forearms supported
(3) Recumbent: lateral position; vertebrae straight without curves

Front 7

Name 3 techniques for assessing
mobility

Back 7

(1) Range of joint motion - Used to determine limitation/injury to a joint
(2) Gait - Manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed
(3) Exercise/activity tolerance
Physical activity for conditioning body, improving health, maintaining fitness, therapy

Front 8

Name 6 Implementation Lifting Techniques

Back 8

(1) Tighten stomach muscles and tuck pelvis.
(2) Bend at the knees.
(3) Keep weight lifted close to the body.
(4) Maintain trunk erect and knees bent.
(5) Avoid twisting.
(6) Maintain a center of gravity.

Front 9

Back 9

Fowler’s
HOB elevated 45 to 60 degrees, support and align hips and spine

In high-Fowler's position, the head of the bed is 90 degrees. Patients with severe respiratory distress breathe more easily in high-Fowler's position.

Front 10

Back 10

Semi Fowler’s
semi-Fowler's position the head of the bed is at a 30-degree angle; you will use this position for patients who will not tolerate a supine position, such as those with cardiac and respiratory problems.

Front 11

Back 11

Supine
Back lying, support with pillows, trochanter rolls, splints

Front 12

Back 12

Prone
Face down

Front 13

Back 13

Lateral
Side lying with proper spine alignment

Front 14

Back 14

30 degree lateral

Front 15

Back 15

Sims
Semiprone on right or left side with weight placed on ilium, humerus, and clavicle

Front 16

Back 16

Trendelenburg
Head lowered

Front 17

Back 17

Reverse Trendelenburg

Front 18

Back 18

Trochanter roll- external rotation

Front 19

Back 19

Hand roll- clenched fist

Front 20

Back 20

Abduction pillow - internal rotation (hip replacement)

Front 21

Back 21

Trapeze bar - maintain upper body strength and to help nurse move pt in bed

Front 22

Back 22

Foot board- prevent plantar flexion- footdrop

Front 23

Back 23

Footboots -prevent plantar flexion- footdrop

Front 24

Back 24

Footcradle

Front 25

Name 3 Proper Transfer Techniques

Back 25

Maintain patient safety
Protect nurse from injury
Assist patient

Front 26

(def)
AROM

Back 26

Active: patient is able to move his or her joints

Front 27

(def)
PROM

Back 27

Passive: nurse moves the patient’s joints

Front 28

ROM (name type of joint )
Neck, cervical spine

Back 28

Pivotal

Front 29

ROM (name type of joint )
Shoulder

Back 29

Ball and socket

Front 30

ROM (name type of joint )
Elbow

Back 30

Hinge

Front 31

ROM (name type of joint )
Forearm

Back 31

Pivotal

Front 32

ROM (name type of joint )
Wrist

Back 32

Condyloid

Front 33

ROM (name type of joint )
Fingers

Back 33

Condyloid hinge

Front 34

ROM (name type of joint )
Thumb

Back 34

Saddle

Front 35

ROM (name type of joint )
Hip

Back 35

Ball and socket

Front 36

ROM (name type of joint )
Knee

Hinge

Back 36

Hinge

Front 37

ROM (name type of joint )
Ankle

Back 37

Hinge

Front 38

ROM (name type of joint )
Foot

Back 38

Gliding

Front 39

ROM (name type of joint )
Toes

Back 39

Condyloid

Front 40

Discuss cane technique

Back 40

cane on strong side
nurse on weak side

Front 41

Crutch "Four-point"

Back 41

Alternating gait.

Front 42

Crutch "Three-point gait " (Swing through)

Back 42

Weight borne on unaffected leg.

Front 43

Crutch "Two-point gait "

Back 43

Weight borne partially on each foot and each crutch advancing with opposing leg.

Front 44

Crutch Ascending (UP) stairs:

Back 44

Strong leg leads (good goes up)
Cruches and trailing affected leg follow

Front 45

Crutch Descending stairs:

Back 45

Crutches & extended affected (bad goes down) leg lead
Strong leg follows

Front 46

Back 46

Continuous passive motion (CPM)

Front 47

(def)
Pathogens

Back 47

Microorganisms capable of producing disease.

Front 48

(def)
Infection

Back 48

invasion of susceptible host by microorganisms resulting in disease.

Front 49

(def)
Colonization

Back 49

microorganisms are present but not causing disease.

Front 50

(def)
Symptomatic

Back 50

clinical signs and symptoms

Front 51

(def)
Asymptomatic

Back 51

no signs or symptoms

Front 52

Name the stages in Chain of Infection

Back 52

(1) Infectious agent
(2) Reservoir
(3) Portal of exit
(4) Mode of transmission
(5) Portal of entry
(6) Susceptible host

Front 53

(def)
Infectious agent

Back 53

The development of an infection depends on the number of microorganisms present; their virulence, or the ability to produce disease; their ability to enter and survive in the host; and the susceptibility of the host.

Front 54

(def)
Reservoir

Back 54

A place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and wait to transfer to a susceptible host

e.g. Frequent reservoirs for health care–associated infections (HAIs) include health care workers (especially their hands), patients’ body excretions and secretions, equipment, and the health care environment.

Front 55

(def)
Portal of Exit

Back 55

After microorganisms find a site in which to grow and multiply, they must find a portal of exit

e.g.skin, mucous membranes, respiratory , gastrointestinal, urinary tract and reproductive tracts and in blood.

Front 56

(def)
Mode of Transmission

Back 56

How an infectious agent gets into a susceptible host.

Note: by practicing infection prevention and control techniques, such as hand hygiene, you interrupt the mode of transmission

Front 57

(def)
Portal of Entry

Back 57

Organisms are able to enter the body through the same routes they use for exiting. Common portals of entry include broken skin, mucous membranes, genitourinary (GU) tract, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and respiratory tract. For example, obstruction to the flow of urine due to the presence of a blocked urinary catheter allows organisms to ascend the urethra.

Front 58

(def)
Susceptible Host

Back 58

Susceptibility to an infection depends on the individual's degree of resistance to pathogens.

Front 59

(def)
Direct transmission

Back 59

person-to-person or physical contact between source and susceptible host (e.g., touching patient feces and then touching own face or mouth or consuming contaminated food)

Front 60

(def)
Indirect transmission

Back 60

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object (e.g., needles or sharps, dressings)

Front 61

(def)
Droplet transmission

Back 61

Droplet: Large particles that travel up to 3 feet and come in contact with susceptible host (e.g., from coughing, sneezing, talking)
Influenza
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Streptococcus (pharyngitis, pneumonia)
Meningococcal meningitis

Front 62

(def)
Airborne transmission

Back 62

Droplet nuclei, residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air (e.g., from coughing, sneezing, talking)
TB
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Measles
SARS

Front 63

Name 5 Vehicles of transmission

Back 63

(1) Contaminated items
(2) Water
(3) Drugs, solutions
(4) Blood
(5) Food (improperly handled, stored, cooked; fresh or thawed meats)

Front 64

Name two types of Vector's

Back 64

(1) External mechanical transfer (flies)
(2) Internal transmission such as with parasitic conditions between vector and host, for example:
Mosquito, Lice (louse), Tick, Flea

Front 65

(def)
Exogenous

Back 65

pathogens from other people or the environment

Front 66

(def)
Endogenous

Back 66

the client’s own organisms

Front 67

(def)
Health Care- Associated Infection

Back 67

Infection the patient didn’t have when they came into the system. (former term - nosocomial)

Front 68

(def)
Medical asepsis

Back 68

“Clean” technique = Disinfection (low-level)
Hand hygiene, barrier technique, cleaning of environment and surfaces, non-sterile dressing changes, peripheral IV insertion.
Goal: reduce/eliminate pathogens

Front 69

(def)
Surgical asepsis

Back 69

sterile technique =High level disinfection–kills everything
Sterilization-kills all organisms and spores
Goal: eliminate all organisms, prevent introduction of any organisms
--for sterile procedure (sterile dressing change, urinary catheter insertion): sterile gloves, equipment, drapes
--for surgery: surgical hand washing, sterile gown, gloves, mask

Front 70

Donning PPE

Back 70

(1) Gown
(2) Mask
(3) Gloves (last thing on first thing off)

Front 71

Doffing PPE

Back 71

(1) gloves
(2) Gown
(3) mask

Front 72

(def)
Empiric precautions

Back 72

using the appropriate barrier for the suspected diagnosis as indicated by clinical symptoms
(form of standard precaution)

Front 73

(def)
Contact transmission

Back 73

Surface dwellers
Hand to mouth/nose/eyes, hand to contaminated equipment
e.g. Intestinal pathogens (any pt with diarrhea)
MRSA

Front 74

(def)
AIIR

Back 74

airborne infection isolation room (negative air-flow room)