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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Portal of entry
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The way a pathogen gets into body;
1)parenteral route:puncture wound, bite 2) mucous membranes:nose,mouth,an 3)skin:microbes go through skin,infect |
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ID50:
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Infectious dose: the number of microbes it takes to cause infection in 50% of a test population; answers amount of risk or how much risk is this?
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Adherence
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Attachment of a microbe or phagocyte to another’s plasma membrane or other surface.
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Capsules
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An outer, viscous covering on some bacteria composed of a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
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M protein
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A heat and acid resistant protein of streptococcal cell walls and fibrils.
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Coagulases
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A bacterial enzyme that causes blood plasma to clot.
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Kinases
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(1) An enzyme that removes a P from ATP and attaches it to another molecule. (2) A bacterial enzyme that breaks down fibrin (blood clots).
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Hyaluronidase
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An enzyme secreted by certain bacteria that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid and helps spread microorganisms from their initial site of infection.
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Collagenase
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An enzyme that hydrolyzes collagen.
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Antigenic Variation
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Changes in surface antigens that occur in a microbial population.
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Invasins
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A surface protein produced by Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli that rearranges nearby actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of a host cell.
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Siderophores
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Bacteria iron-binding proteins.
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Toxins
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Any poisonous substance produced by a microorganism.
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Toxigenicity
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The capacity of a microorganism to produce a toxin.
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Toxemia
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The presence of toxins in the blood.
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Exotoxins
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A protein toxin released from living, mostly gram-positive bacterial cells.
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Endotoxins
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Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid A) of most gram-negative bacteria; released on destruction of the cell.
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Antitoxins
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A specific antibody produced by the body in response to a bacterial exotoxin or its toxoid.
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Leukocidins
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Substances produced by some bacteria that can destroy neutrophils and macrophages.
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Hemolysins
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An enzyme that lyses red blood cells.
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Superantigen
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an antigen (antibody formation; aka immunogen) that activates many different T cells, thereby eliciting a large immune response.
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Lipid A
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A component of the gram-negative outer membrane; endotoxin.
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IL1
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Septic Shock
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TNF
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(tumor necrosis factor) a polypeptide released by phagocytes in response to bacterial endotoxins; induces shock; also called cachectin.
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Lysogenic conversion
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The acquisition of new properties by a host cell infected by a lysogenic phage.
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CPE
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cytophathic effects- the visible effects of viral infection; CPEs are used to diagnose many viral infections.
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Contact inhibition
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The cessation of animal cell movement and division as a result of contact with other cells.
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Portals of exit
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The route by which a pathogen leaves the body, usually the same way it entered.
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CHAPTER 15 VOCABULARY
MICROBIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY |
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