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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Antecubital Fossa |
Where you draw blood from |
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Anticoagulant |
Helps prevent clotting keeps in a plasma state( liquid) . |
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Aseptic |
Without disease |
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Septic |
With disease |
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Collapsed vein |
The vein cannot contain the vacuum b/c of fragile veins |
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Concentric circles |
: cleaning from central out to prevent bacteria. |
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Ecchymosis |
Medical term for a bruise tissue |
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Edematous |
Fluid accumulation in the tissue |
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Exsanguination |
When you draw too much blood from the patient. Causing anemia / death |
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Hematoma |
Tumor of blood. ( #1 risk factor in phlebotomy) |
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Hemolysis |
Breakdown of blood cells. |
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Hemoconcentration |
Larger amount of fluid compared to the formed elements |
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Iatrogenic anemia |
Specific anemia caused by drawing too much patient blood over a period of time. |
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Lymphostasis |
Stagnation of lymp fluid patients who have cancer. Bcs removing too much tissue causes too much fluid to concentrate |
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Palpate |
The act of touch |
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Petechiae |
Capillaries that burst underneath the skin bcs tourniquet is on too tight. |
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Scelerosis |
Hardening |
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Syncope |
The act of fainting( passing out ) |
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Venous reflex |
Occurs when you draw blood from a patient whose arm is near the heart. |
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Hematocrit |
The separation of blood |
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDA) TEST |
Done every 3 hours on inpatient; blood is drawn 15minuted before the next dose |
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Trough level |
The lowest / active effective amount of the drug. |
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In a routine venipuncture what is the most important step ? |
Positive identification ( ID) making sure the information( name, bday, blood test) provided by patient is correct |
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Requisition |
A set of labels for the collection tubes or both. |
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The phlebotomist uses _____ to determine what type of sample to collect |
Requisition |
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What is the purpose of the requisition? |
Identify patient Determine specimen to be collected Allowing the equipment necessary for collection |
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Micturition |
The act of expelling urine from bladder |
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What is micturition reflex |
When the bladder contains 200-400 ml of urine , stretch receptors in bladder wall triggers micturition reflex |
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Micturition reflex is automic and ______ |
Involuntary response |
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Does the renal pelvis collect urine as it is produced ? |
Yes |
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blood enters the glomerulus through the _____ |
Afferent arteriole |
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The renal tubule carries fluid away from the______ toward a collecting duct |
glomerular capsule |
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Urine PH is |
4.5- 8.0 |
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Neutral urine PH |
7.0 |
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Average Adult urine PH |
6.0-6.5 ( slightly acidic) |
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What is being traded in the medulla ? |
Sodium and water |
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Specific Gravity |
Concentration of all chemical particles in urine. |
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Specific Gravity weight when you wake up |
1.025 ( more dilute ) |
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Specific gravity weight during the day |
1.010 ( most hydrated weight ; more concentrated ) |
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Urine is expelled from the urinary bladder through _____of the detrusor muscle |
Relaxation |
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Regular Specific gravity weight |
1.001- 1.035 |
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Distilled water weight |
1.000 |
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Osteomyelitis |
Bone tissue infection/ inflammation |
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Osteochondritis |
Joint tissue inflammation |
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The functions of the urinary system is |
Rids body of waste products ( results from waste uric acid) Maintains appropriate fluid volume; by regulating amount of water excreted in urine Maintains normal ph of blood Secretes erythropoietin and renin |
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Analyte |
A chemical substance that is the subject of a chemical analysis. |
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Erythropoietin |
Controls red blood production |
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Renin |
Is activated when there is low blood sodium concentration : Helps maintain normal blood pressure Raises blood volume and consequently can cause high blood pressure |
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Kidney |
Produces urine |
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Ureters |
Transport the urine away from kidneys to urinary bladder |
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Urinary bladder |
Stores urine until it is excreted from the body |
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Urethra |
Tubular structure that Carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
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What are the primary organs of the urinary system that filters blood, removes waste in the urine |
Kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder & urethra |
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Name the 3 steps in urine formation |
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion |
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Nephrons |
The functional microscopic unit of the kidney ; responsible for urine. |
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Urine is ___ % water |
95 |
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Renal pelvis |
Center region of kidney ; collects urine as it is produced. |
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Glomerulus |
Cluster of capillaries |
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Glomerular capsule ( bowman’s capsule |
Double layered epithelial cup |
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Is Blood is filtered in glomerulus? |
Yes |
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Blood leaves glomerulus through |
Efferent arteriole |
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Renal tubule: |
Carrie’s fluid away from bowman’s capsule |
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Urine passes from nephrons into collecting ducts into ____ |
Minor calyces |
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Trigone |
Formed by 3 openings in the floor of the urinary bladder Two from ureters and 1 From urethra |
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Internal urethral sphincter |
Regulates involuntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra |
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External urethral sphincter |
Provides voluntary control of urine flow from the bladder to the urethra |
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Voiding : |
The act of expelling urine from urethra to the outside of the body. |
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The extresa muscle is controlled by |
Us. |
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Pyelonephritis |
Inflammation of the kidney due to bacterial infection. ( similar to UTI but worse) |
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Spongy penile urethra is important part of |
Reproduction |
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What is the rate in which Blood flows through kidneys |
1200 ml per minute |
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Filtration membrane |
Acts as a barrier and prevents blood cells and protein molecules from entering capsule. |
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Tubular reabsorption |
180 Liters ( 45 gallons) of filtrate are formed in 24 hr period ; gets reduced to 1-2 Liters of urine. |
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Tubular absorption |
Movement of substance from the filtrate in the kidney tubules -into blood |
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1 % of filtrate is |
Excreted as urine |
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Tubular secretion |
Transport of molecules and ions into the filtration from the blood |
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Aldosterone |
Secreted by adrenal gland : it acts on kidney tubules , increasing reabsorption of sodium , then water follows reducing urine output |
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Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) |
Released from pituitary gland : less water is lost from the body bc water is reabsorbed ; Urine is more concentrated and amount of urine excreted is limited |
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Atrial natriuretic hormone ( atriopeptum) |
Produced by coils in the heart : promotes excretion of sodium and water : decreases blood volume and blood pressure |
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Avg adult produces how many Liters of urine |
750 ml- 2 L |
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Urinary meatus |
The whole where urine leaves our body |
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What is Henry’s loop |
The descending/ ascending in the medulla. Consumes more sodium or reduces water in the body |
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What is normally present in urine ? |
Urea |
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The long tube attached to each kidney that drains urine is |
Ureter |
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What does urine being light yellow mean ? |
It does not contain many dissolved substances |
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What is reservoir ? Give example |
Is a host which allows pathogens to live and possibly grow / multiply Ex: humans / animals / environment |
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What is reservoir ? Give example |
Is a host which allows pathogens to live and possibly grow / multiply Ex: humans / animals / environment |
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Give example of agents that cause diseases |
Bacteria, fungi, a virus and or parasites |
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What is reservoir ? Give example |
Is a host which allows pathogens to live and possibly grow / multiply Ex: humans / animals / environment |
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Give example of agents that cause diseases |
Bacteria, fungi, a virus and or parasites |
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What’s an example of a mode of escape for “agents”? |
Respiratory tract : Coughing or sneezing Gastrointestinal tract: vomiting/ poop Skin : wound drainage or sore on skin Blood |
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What is a susceptible host ? Give example |
The future host, the person who is next exposed to the pathogen Children, old people, sick people, and more. |
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Microorganisms are normally present in |
Distal urethra & urinary meatus |
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Microorganisms are normally present in |
Distal urethra & urinary meatus |
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Aptt test is used to evaluate |
The intrinsic pathway |
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PT is used to evaluate |
Extrinsic pathway |
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Neutrophils comprise _____ % of WBC |
40-60% |
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Lymphocytes comprise about ___% of WBC |
20-40% |
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Monocytes comprise ___ % of WBC |
3-8% |
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Eosinophils comprise ____% of WBC |
1-3% |
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Eosinophils comprise ____% of WBC |
1-3% |
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Basophils comprise ____. % of WBC |
0-1% |
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_____ is a blood clot due to the consequence of applying insufficient pressure after the withdrawal of the needle is called |
Thrombus |
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_____ is a blood clot due to the consequence of applying insufficient pressure after the withdrawal of the needle is called |
Thrombus |
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Thrombophlebitis |
Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot. |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Autonomy |
The patient makes their own decision while knowing alternative methods |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Autonomy |
The patient makes their own decision while knowing alternative methods |
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Negligence |
The failure to exercise the standard of care |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Autonomy |
The patient makes their own decision while knowing alternative methods |
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Negligence |
The failure to exercise the standard of care |
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The four elements of negligence are ? |
Duty of care Derelict: breach of duty of care Direct cause: legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty of care. Damage : wrongful activity must have caused the injury or harm that occurs. |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Autonomy |
The patient makes their own decision while knowing alternative methods |
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Negligence |
The failure to exercise the standard of care |
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The four elements of negligence are ? |
Duty of care Derelict: breach of duty of care Direct cause: legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty of care. Damage : wrongful activity must have caused the injury or harm that occurs. |
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What is battery ? |
The unprivileged touching of one person by another. No consent by patient |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Autonomy |
The patient makes their own decision while knowing alternative methods |
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Negligence |
The failure to exercise the standard of care |
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The four elements of negligence are ? |
Duty of care Derelict: breach of duty of care Direct cause: legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty of care. Damage : wrongful activity must have caused the injury or harm that occurs. |
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What is battery ? |
The unprivileged touching of one person by another. No consent by patient |
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What is invasion of privacy ? |
The release of medical records without the patients Knowledge/ permission |
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Veracity |
Even when your wrong tell the truth. |
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Autonomy |
The patient makes their own decision while knowing alternative methods |
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Negligence |
The failure to exercise the standard of care |
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The four elements of negligence are ? |
Duty of care Derelict: breach of duty of care Direct cause: legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty of care. Damage : wrongful activity must have caused the injury or harm that occurs. |
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What is battery ? |
The unprivileged touching of one person by another. No consent by patient |
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What is invasion of privacy ? |
The release of medical records without the patients Knowledge/ permission |
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Defamation of character is what ? |
Ruining another persons reputation name or character through slander or written words. |
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Polyuria is what ? |
Excessive increase in urine output |
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Polyuria is what ? |
Excessive increase in urine output |
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Oliguria is ? |
Decreased output of urine |
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Anuria |
Failure of the kidneys to produce urine |
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Anuria |
Failure of the kidneys to produce urine |
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Hematuria |
Blood present in urine |
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Diuresis is ? |
When the doctor gives you a medication that causes secretion of large amounts of urine |
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clean catch is required when |
Urine is being examined for bacteria . Ex : detection of a UTI |
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HCG test is for ? |
Pregnancy |
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HCG test is for ? |
Pregnancy |
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What is frequency ? What is urgency ? |
Frequency is the feeling of having to pee constantly but nothing much ever comes out: ppl with UTI experience this . Urgency is the immediate need to urine. |
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