Evolution

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Artificial Selection

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Artificial selection is the intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits.

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Natural Selection

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Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Mimicry

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the action or art of imitating someone or something

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Camouflage

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the disguising of something by covering them or making them blend into its surroundings

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Homologous Structures

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example of an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor.

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Analogous Structures

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Body part in different species that is similar in function but not instructure that evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge

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Vestigial Structure

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A structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function in the course of evolution

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Evolution

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the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth

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Fossil

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the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock

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Adaptation

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the action or process of adapting

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Fitness

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the condition of being physically fit and healthy

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Gene Pool

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the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

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Allelic Frequency

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relative frequency of anallel at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage

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Genetic Equilibrium

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Genetic equilibrium describes the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool

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Genetic Drift

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variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population

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Stabilizing Selection

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type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases and the population mean stabilizes on a particular trait value.

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Directional Selection

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extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype.

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Disruptive Selection

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describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate value

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Specialtion

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the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

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Geographic Isolation

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organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species

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Reproductive Isolation

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different species may live in the same area, but properties of individuals prevent them from interbreeding

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Gradualism

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a policy of gradual reform rather than sudden change or revolution.

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Punctuated Equilibrium

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the hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.

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Adaptive Radiation

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the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.

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Divergent Evolution

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accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species

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Convergent Evolution

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process by which unrelated or distantly related organismsevolve similar body forms, coloration, organs, and adaptations.