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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Argument
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any set of declarative sentences which a writer states premises for the truth of some other members of the set
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premises
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reasons cited as grounds in an argument
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conclusion
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statement whose truth is supposed to be established by the premises
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inductive argument
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the truth of of premises makes the conclusion probably true
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deductive argument
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the truth of the premises guarantees the conclusion
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valid argument
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deductive argument such that IF the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
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invalid argument
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a deductive argument such that it is possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false
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critique a déductive argument
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either invalid, or one/more false premises
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show an argument is invalid
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true premises with a false conclusion
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descriptive relativism
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different cultures accept different moral principles
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cultural moral relativism
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what is right or wrong for a culture depends on what the culture accepts as right or wrong
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individual moral relativism
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what is right or wrong for an individual depends on what the individual accepts as right or wrong
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meta ethical relativism
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IN CASES OF ETHICAL DISAGREEMENT, THERE IS NO VALID RATIONAL WAY OF JUSTIFYING ONE ETHICAL JUDGMENT OVER ANOTHER
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ethics
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action guide that is to guide everyones actions in those situations in which their actions affect others and its principles which are public principles take into account the interests of the others affected
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assumpetions underlying our conception of ethics
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1. there are objectively valid ethical principles that apply to everyone that we know and use to determine what we ought to do
2. we can act as ethicical principles direct us to act 3. that we have reason to act as thical principles direct us to act |
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folkways
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right way of doing things (etiquette, dress)
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mores
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folkways but to a higher level "don't break promises"
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objectivity
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true regardless of what one things
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subjectivity
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true depending on whether speaker endorses it
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taboos
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the wrong way to do things
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the morality of a group
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the sum of the taboos and prescriptions in the folkways by which right conduct is defined
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