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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arthritis
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Inflammation of the joints.
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Articulation (joint)
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The junction of two or more bones.
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Appendicular skeleton
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Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.
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Osteon
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System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system.
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Joint (articulation)
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The junction of two or more bones.
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Canaliculus
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Extremely small tubular passage or channel.
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Metatarsal
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One of the five bones between the tarsus and the phalanges of the foot.
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Axis
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(1) the second cervical vertebra; has a vertical projection called the dens around which the atlas rotates; (2) the imaginary line about which a joint or structure revolves.
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Suture
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An immovable fibrous joing; with one exception, all bones of the skull are united by sutures.
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Lacrimal
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Pertaining to tears.
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Vertebral column (spine)
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Formed of a number of individual bones called vertebrae and two composite bones (sacrum and coccyx).
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Cartilaginous joint
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Bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present.
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Fibrous joint
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Bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present.
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Metacarpal
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One of the five bones of the palm of the hand.
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Epiphysis
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The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft.
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Atlas
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The first cervical vertebra; articulates with the occipital bone of the skull and the second cervical vertebra (axis).
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Tendon
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Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone.
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Fontanels
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Fibrous membranes at the angles of cranial bones that accommodate brain growth in the fetus and infant.
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Synarthrosis
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Immovable joint.
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Synovial joint
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Freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity; also called a diarthrosis.
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Osteoclasts
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Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix.
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Hyaline
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Glassy; transparent.
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Reduction
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Chemical reaction in which electrons and energy are gained by a molecule (often accompanied by gain of hydrogen ions) or oxygen is lost.
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Shoulder girdle
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Composite of two bones, scapula and clavicle, that attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton; also called the pectoral girdle.
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Intervertebral discs
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Discs of fibrocartilage between vertebrae.
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Bony thorax (thoracic cage)
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Bones that form the framework of the thorax; includes sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae.
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Diaphysis
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Elongated shaft of a long bone.
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Acromion
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The outer projection of the spine of the scapula; the highest point of the shoulder.
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Osteoblasts
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Bone-forming cells.
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Pelvis
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(1) Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx. (2) Expanded proximal portion of the ureter within the kidney.
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Skull
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Bony protective encasement of the brain and the organs of hearing and equilibrium; includes the facial bones. Also called the cranium.
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Articular capsule
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Double-layered capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane; encloses the joint cavity of a synovial joint.
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Phalanges
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The bones of the finger or toe.
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Pectoral
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Pertaining to the chest.
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Foramen
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Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities.
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Acetabulum
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Cuplike cavity on lateral surface of the hip bone that receives the femur.
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Lacunae
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A small space, cavity, or depression; lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells.
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Haversian system
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See Osteon.
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Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
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Bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton; includes the clavicle and scapula.
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Pelvic girdle (hip girdle)
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Consists of the paired coxal bones that attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
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Sacral
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The lower portion of the back, just superior to the buttocks.
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Diarthrosis
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Freely movable joint.
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Periosteum
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Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.
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Osteoporosis
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Increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation.
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Amphiarthrosis
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A slightly movable joint.
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Osteocyte
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Mature bone cell.
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Axial skeleton
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The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum.
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Palpation
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Examination by touch.
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