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14 Cards in this Set

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STM failure as the result of physical damage

KF received brain damage from a motorbike accident which dramatically impaired his verbal STM (digit span of ~2)

patient KF

LTM failure as a result of physical damage

patient HM had parts of his temporal lobes ablated, leading to complete anterograde amnesia, & some level of retrograde amnesia (amnesia effects episodic memory)

patient HM

procedural memory failure as a result of physical damage

parkinson’s & huntington’s

memory failure: absentmindedness

Craik et al (1996) used cued recap test, found that dividing ps attention at encoding impacts task performance more than dividing attention at retrieval

Craik et al (1996)

memory failure: inability to rehearse

Patient EA had difficulty learning new words due to a damaged phonological store, preventing maintenance-rehearsal

patient EA

Memory Failure: Failure to elaborately rehearse/ lack of semantic knowledge

memory for the position of chess pieces is much better in experts compared to novices because they have the semantic knowledge to turn it into a meaningful memory

chess

Memory failures: in-group bia

Sangrigoli et al (2005)- ps indicated which of two pictures they thought matched a target face that flashed up a second before, did better with faces of own race

memory failure: short-term consolidation interruption

Yarrell & Lynch (1973) college football players tended to lose the few minutes before a head injury

Memory failure: state-/mood- dependent retrieval

Goddon & Baddeley (1975)- ps learned words either on land or underwater ..

memory failure: interference

Underwood & Postman (1960)- ps were given a list of paired words, first word presented later for cued recall, but one group had received a second list w the same cue words, this group did significantly worse on recalling the first list

memory failure: misleading info

Loftus & Palmer (1974)- smashed vs hit

memory failure: frontal system damage

patients with korsakoff’s amnesia have poor LTM & their recall is considerably worse than their recognition, they also sometimes suffer from confabulations

welath & happiness: correlational longitudinal study

myers (2000)- as americans got richer, happiness stayed roughly the same

americans

wealth & happiness: relative wealth

Boyce et al (2010)- peoples relative-, not absolute-, wealth predicts happiness

relative wealth