Esm 221 Midterm 2

Front 1

Adaptive Management

Back 1

A plan that provides flexibility so that managers can modify it as changes occur

Front 2

Alpha Diversity

Back 2

The diversity within a particular area or ecosystem. Expressed by species richness or Simpson's Diversity

Front 3

Beta Diversity

Back 3

The change in species diversity between these ecosystems. Expressed by Whittaker

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Buffer Zone

Back 4

Areas with less stringent controls on land use, but that can still meet the requirements of many species

Front 5

Communnity

Back 5

All of the populations of organisms within a given area

Front 6

HIPCO

Back 6

Habitat loss, Invasive species, Pollution, Climate change, Over harvesting

Front 7

Core Habitat

Back 7

The core is untouchable by people in a biosphere reserve. Meant to keep habitat in pristine condition

Front 8

Demographic Transition

Back 8

The transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.

Front 9

Ecosystem Management

Back 9

Conserves major ecological services and restore natural resources while meeting the socioeconomic and cultural needs of future generations

Front 10

Edge Effect

Back 10

The changes in population or community that occur at the boundary of two habitats.

Front 11

Habitat Corridors

Back 11

Linear patches that connect blocks of habitat . Can reduce the effects of fragmentation by preventing isolation of population.

Front 12

Habitat Fragmentation

Back 12

Creates isolated patches of landscape that can have harmful effects on biodiversity. Occurs because of human activities like new roads, housing developments.

Front 13

Habitat Matrix

Front 14

Metapopulation

Back 14

A group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between them

Front 15

Permeability

Back 15

The ability of a substance to allow another substance to pass through it (concrete is not permeable)

Front 16

Rescue Effect

Back 16

A species arriving on an island may already be represented there and so may have the effect of reducing the chance of the extinction of that species from the island.

Front 17

Species-area Curve

Back 17

The relationship between the area of habitat and the number of species found within the area. Calculated with species richness over area

Front 18

Species Evenness

Back 18

The relative proportion of different species in a given area

Front 19

Species Richness

Back 19

The number of species in a given area

Front 20

Survivorship Curve

Back 20

A graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age

Front 21

Stakeholder

Back 21

A person or organization with an interest in a particular place or issue

Front 22

Stepping Stone

Back 22

Smaller, unconnected areas of preserved or restored habitat. Initially used to promote bird or insect movement

Front 23

Simpson's Diversity

Back 23

The probability that two randomly selected individuals belong to different species

Front 24

Shannon's Diversity

Back 24

The relative uncertainty of the species-identity of an individual chosen at random.

Front 25

Whittaker's Formula for Beta Diversity

Back 25

Species turnover along a gradient

Front 26

Nitrogen Cycle Step One

Back 26

Nitrogen is a limiting factor

1) Nitrogen Fixation- organisms convert N2 into ammonia

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Nitrogen Cycle Step Two

Back 27

2) Producers obtain fixed nitrogen, they take it in. Producers and consumers die, and then decompose

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Nitrogen Cycle Step Three

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3) Ammonification: fungal and bacterial decomposers use nitrogen waste as food source and excrete ammonium

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Nitrogen Cycle Step Four

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4) Nitrification: Converted into nitrate

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Nitrogen Cycle Step Five

Back 30

5) Dentrifiying bactera in oxygen-poor soil convert nitrate into nitrous oxide, and eventually nitrogen gas.