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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The father of modern geology was _________ ________. |
James Hutton |
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James Hutton developed the theory of ___________________, which states that the earth was shaped by the same processes seen today |
Uniformitarianism |
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Scientist ____________ ______________ wrote the paper "Principles of Geology", which rejected catastrophism and popularized Hutton's work. |
Charles Lyell |
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The Law of _______________ states that in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are found on the bottom. |
Superposition |
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The Principle of ___________ _____________ states that layered strata are deposited horizontally and uniformally everywhere. |
Original Horizontality |
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____________ time orders events from oldest to youngest. |
Relative |
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_____________ time expresses time in terms of numbers. (ex: 200 B.C.E) |
Absolute |
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_________________ continuity states that sediment layers extent laterally outwards until pinching out or grading into new sediment types. |
Lateral |
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The cross-cutting relationship states that that which cuts through is _________ than the material that is cut. |
younger |
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The principle of inclusions states that the ____________ rock contains the inclusions, while the inclusion itself is _________. |
1. Younger 2. Older |
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An _________________ in rock is a surface representing a time period with no deposition or heavy weathering. |
Unconformity |
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Fossil species succeeding each other in a predictable manner in sediment layers is called _____________ __________________. |
Faunal Succession |
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The three types of unconformity are _____________, __________________ and _________________ ________________. |
Disconformity, nonconformity and angular uncorformity. |
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_______________ is an unconformity between rock layers representing high weathering or no deposition. |
Disconformity |
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_____________ is an unconformity where sediments are deposited on old igneous or metamorphic rocks. |
Nonconformity |
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______________ unconformity consists of titled rocks overlying younger, flat strata. |
Angular |
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Do radioactive elements that lose one or more neutrons become a new element? |
No |
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Do radioactive elements that lose or gain a proton become a new element? |
Yes |
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_____________ decay involves a mass reduction by 2 and an atomic number decrease of 2. An ___________ particle is released. |
Alpha, alpha |
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__________ decay involves an atomic number increase of one. An _____________ is released. |
Beta, electron. |
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__________ ___________ involves an atomic number decrease of 1 as an electron is gained. |
Electron Capture |
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The __________-_______ is the time required for half of parent atoms to decay. |
half-life |
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The phanerozoic eon occured between ___________ million years ago and the present day. |
543 million |
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The eras of the phanerozoic eon, in order from earliest to present, are: ______________ to _________________ to ______________. |
Paleozoic to Mesozoic to Cenozoic |
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The paleozoic-mesozoic extinction eliminated 95% of species on earth and occurred _____________ years ago. |
241 million years |
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The mesozoic-cenozoic extinction occured ____________ years ago and elimintaed 50% of species on earth. |
66 million years |
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The _________________ era of the phanerozoic eon was dominated by invertebrates. |
paleozoic |
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The __________________ era of the phanerozoic eon was dominated by reptiles. |
mesozoic |
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The ________________ era of the phanerozoic eon was dominated by mammals. |
cenozoic |