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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Charles Dickens
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Works: Great Expectations
Basic Idea: The evil influence of money |
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Bei Dao
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Works: All
Basic Idea: Life is hopeless |
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Shu Ting
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Works: Also All
Basic Idea: Hope is a burden all of us shoulder |
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Confucius
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Works: The Analects
Basic Idea: The importance of moral conduct |
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Leo Tolstoy
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Works: Three Questions, How Much Land Does A Man Need
Basic Idea "How Much...": People waste their lives striving for the unneccesary and the downfall of human greed Basic Idea "3 Questions": Art has value only if it takes a strong moral stance. |
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Anton Chekhov
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Works: A Problem
Basic Idea: Honesty, responsibility, and facing consequences - focus on character rather than plot |
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William Butler Yeats
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Works: The Stolen Child
Basic Idea: fascination with folklore |
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Par Lagerkvist
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Works: The Princess and All the Kingdom
Basic Idea: Happiness and responsibility are connected |
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Paragraph Writing
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♦ A topic sentence
♦ Supporting sentences ♦ A summarizing sentence or clincher 1. It forms a visual unit on the page, with the first line indented. 2. It has an expressed topic sentence that explains the theme of the paragraph. All sentences relate to and support the topic sentence. The topic sentence is in the middle of this paragraph in this blue. 3. It has unity (every sentence focuses on the primary subject) and coherence (the sentences connect one with another in a logical manner). 4. It has an effective style. It contrasts the Christmas scene downtown with that in the suburbs. It features repetition of the subject-verb structure (lights flash, crowds gather, horns honk); it uses alliteration to repeat initial consonant sounds (silencing the splashing and sloshing of auto tires); it uses descriptive images to bring to life the two places—downtown and the suburban neighborhood. It has a play on words by changing the cliché “hustle and bustle” to “hustle and tussle” to better de |
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Aphorism
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brief sayings that express a basic truth.
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Parable
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Simple, brief narratives that teach a lesson by using characters and events to stand for abstract ideas or moral qualities.
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Charcters: (static & dynamic)
(How character is revealed) |
Static: do not change during the course of a story. They remain the same no matter what happens to them.
Dynamic: characters change and usually learn something as a result of the events of the story. The changes they undergo affect their attitudes, beliefs or behavior. Revealed: things they do, things they say, things others say about, monologues, asides, soliques |
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Atmosphere
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Atmosphere is the mood or the overall feeling that a story or poem conveys. A writer establishes atmosphere through description and details of the setting or action. In poetry, rhyme, meter, and other sound devices can also create atmosphere.
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Dialect
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a variety of a spoken language peculiar to a geographical
region or community. The chief cause of the development of dialects is geographic isolation or social barriers leading to lack of communication. Cockney is one dialect of the English language. |
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Universality
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Messages that are relevant to
people of almost any place and time—such as courage, love, and honor. Universality has to do with values or human characteristics that do not change with time or place. |
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Author of August Heat
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William Fryer Harvey
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Author of The Lady or the Tiger
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Frank Stockton
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Author of Just Lather, That's All
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Hernando Tellez
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Author of The Ransom of Red Chief
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O Henry
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Author of The Garden Party
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Katherine Mansfield
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What are the criteria for short stories?
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1) Read in one sitting
2) Creates a single effect 3) Contains nothing to detract from that single effect 4) Complete in itself |
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What are the parts of a short story?
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Plot, character, conflict, setting, point of view, theme
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What are the five main parts of a plot?
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Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution
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Flat Characters
Round Characters Stock Characters |
1) One personality trait
2) Many traits, real 3) stereotype |
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Four most common predominant focuses of a short story
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theme, character, plot, setting
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Definition of plot
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A pattern of carefully selected, casually related events that contain conflict
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Conflict can be divided into two main categories and four sub-categories, what are they?
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1) Internal (minds), External (outside)
2) Man against man, Man against himself, Man against God, Man against society/environment/nature |
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Two opposing forces in a story are called?
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The protagonist (with whom we empathiza) and the antagonist (the opposing force)
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What are the seven ways to create suspense?
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(1) through conflict
(2) A precarious situation (3) An apparently un-solvable problem (4) Foreshadowing (5) Delay - something interrupts the action, so the outcome is delayed (6) A seesaw - back and forth, you don't know who is going to win. One side has the upper hand and then the other. (7) A vigil - a waiting period. Like when someone has to sit beside a deathbed or someone in a coma to see if they will make a recovery. |
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Irony:
1) Verbal 2) Sarcasm 3) Situational 4) Dramatic |
1. Verbal Irony – the speaker says one thing, but means another. This includes sarcasm, which is caustic or bitter irony under the guise of praise
intended to hurt. Sarcasm is personal and jeering. 2. Situation Irony – a discrepancy between what actually happens and what would seem appropriate, between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment. 3. Dramatic Irony – the reader or audience is aware of something more than the characters. There is a discrepancy between what a character says or thinks, and what the reader knows to be true. Dramatic irony always involves a character who is actually active in the plot of the story. |
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Coincidence
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is the coinciding of events in such a way that the movement of a plot or fate of a character is determined or significantly altered. There must be TWO events or aspects for coincidence to occur. This happens without a causal relationship – it isn’t planned, there is no mutual motivation behind them.
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Fate
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Fatalism is the theory that certain events must occur in the future regardless of what our present actions or choices may be. Strictly speaking, fatalism removes ethical concerns from human actions, for fate indifferently assigns each person to the predetermined course of events. (That means that people don’t have to worry about making the right choices because what happens is up to fate, no matter what they do).
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Chance
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the event is accidental rather
than part of a design, |
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Topic
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TOPIC is the subject that is being written or talked about. It is the subject matter.
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Theme
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THEME is a statement of the central idea of a work, usually implied rather than directly stated. It is the meaning that inspires the whole story, underlying its content and giving it significance
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Thesis
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THESIS is the main or controlling idea or statement about a topic that a writer proposes and supports in an essay. It is the statement about the topic.
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Dilemma
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when a character has to choose between 2 undesirables,
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Author of Indian Summer
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Wilfred Campbell
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Author of In Flanders Fields
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Col. John McCrae
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Author of A Kite is a Victim
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Leonard Cohen
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Author of Ozymandias & England in 1819
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Percy Bysshe Shelley
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Author of On A stupendous Leg..
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Horace Smith
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Author of My Last Duchess
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Robert Browning
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Author of God's World & The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver
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Edna St. Vincent Millay
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Author of Ode on a Grecian Urn & On First Looking into Chapman's Homer
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John Keats
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Author of The charge of the Light Brigade
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Alfred, Lord Tennyson
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Author of Sonnet 116: Let me Not To The Marriage
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William Shakespeare
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Author of The World is Too Much With US
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William Wordsworth
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Author of How Do I Love Thee
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Elizabeth Barrett Browning
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Couplet
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Has two lines of poetry (called stanza)
Must have a rhyme Can be on any topic/theme |
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Triplet
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Has three lines of poetry (called stanza)
Two or all of the lines may rhyme, or none of the lines have to rhyme Can have any rhythm Any topic/theme |
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Quatrain
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Has four lines of poetry (called stanza)
Usually some of the lines rhyme Any rhythm any topic/theme |
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End Rhyme
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When a word at the end of a line of poetry rhymes with words at the end of other lines of poetry
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Internal Rhyme
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When a word somewhere within the line of poetry rhymes with the word at the end of the same line of poetry
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Rondeau
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a short poem of fixed form, consisting of 13 or 10 lines on two rhymes and having the opening words or phrase used in two places as an unrhymed refrain
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Free Verse
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Verse composed of variable, usually unrhymed lines having no fixed metrical pattern.
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Similie
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a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared
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Metaphor
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something used, or regarded as being used, to represent something else
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Personification
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When an object, animal, ideal or quality is given the attributes or characteristics of a human being
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Hyperbole
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an exaggeration for the sake of emphasis
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Persona
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the person who narrates or speaks. The persona is not the living
person who wrote the poem. In writing the poem, the poet always creates a persona, a speaker who is other than him/herself. They may or may not resemble each other. |
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Image
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to picture or represent in the mind; imagine; conceive
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Alliteration
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the repeated use of the same sounds or combination of sounds in the beginning of a series of words.
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Consonance
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correspondence of sounds; harmony of sounds.
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Assonance
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the repeated use of vowels in a line
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Onomatopoeia
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the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.
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Allusion
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indirect or passing reference to something or someone (historical,
mythological, biblical, literary) |
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Apostrophe
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to address a person or thing that is not present as if it were
present and able to respond. |
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Repetition
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words, phrases or lines repeated to add force
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Rhythm
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metrical or rhythmical form; meter
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Point of View: First Person
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In the first person point of view, the narrator does participate in the action of the story. When reading stories in the first person, we need to realize that what the narrator is recounting might not be the objective truth. We should question the trustworthiness of the accounting.
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Point of View: Third Person
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Here the narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters, but lets us know exactly how the characters feel. We learn about the characters through this outside voice.
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