Ch. 5 Human Body, Topographic Anatomy, Directional Terms, Positions Of The Body

Front 1

topographic anatomy

Back 1

Superficial landmarks of the body - identified to perform an accurate assessment. Applies to a body in anatomic position.

Front 2

anatomic position

Back 2

Position of reference - the patient stands facing forward, arm at the side, with the palms of the hands forward. Terms 'right' and 'left' are always referring to the pt's right/left.

Front 3

anatomic planes

Back 3

imaginary straight lines dividing the body. 3 main axes: Coronal plane, Transverse (axial) plane, Sagittal (lateral) plane.

these help to identify the location of internal structures and understand the relationships between and among the organs

Front 4

Coronal plane

Back 4

slice to make a front and back portion. AKA Frontal

Front 5

Transverse (axial) plane

Back 5

slice to make a top and bottom portion.

Front 6

Sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 6

slice to make a left and right portion

* a midsagittal plane (midline) is a special type of sagittal plane where the body is cut in half leaving equal left and right halves. ie. nose and navel found on this line.

Front 7

Directional Terms - definition

Back 7

indicate distance and direction from the midline. terms used when discussing where an injury is located or how a pain radiates in the body. terms are paired as 'opposites'.

Front 8

Anterior (Ventral)

Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 8

Ventral/Anterior: the belly side of the body/The front surface of the body AKA: front

Dorsal/Posterior: the spinal side of the body/The back surface of the patient AKA: Back

Front 9

Right

Left

Back 9

The pt's right

The pt's left

Front 10

Superior

Inferior

Back 10

*Top and Bottom. Also used to describe the rlp of one structure to another.

Superior: Closest to the head AKA: Top, portion nearer to the head from a specific reference point.

Inferior: Closest to the feet AKA: bottom, or part nearer to the feet.

ie. knee is superior to the foot and inferior to the pelvis.

Front 11

Proximal

Distal

Back 11

*used to describe the rlp of any two structures on an extremity.

Proximal: Closest to the point of attachment. AKA closer to the trunk.

Distal: Farthest from the point of attachment. AKA structures further from the trunk, or nearer to the free end of the extremity.

Front 12

Medial

Lateral

Back 12

Medial: Closest to the midline AKA: parts that lie closer to the midline, AKA: middle or inner

Lateral: Farthest from the midline AKA: parts of the body that lie farther from the midline, AKA: side or outer

ie. the knee has medial (inner) and lateral (outer) aspects (surfaces)

Front 13

Superficial

Deep

Back 13

Closest to the surface of the skin AKA in

Farthest from the surface of the skin AKA out

Front 14

Palmar

Plantar

Back 14

Palmar: Front region of the hand AKA palm

Plantar: Bottom of the foot

Front 15

Apex

Back 15

(Plural: apices) the tip of the structure

ie. the apex of the heart is the bottom (inferior portion) of the ventricles in the left side of the chest.

Front 16

MOVEMENT TERMS

Back 16

Flexion and Extension

Adduction and Abduction

Front 17

Flexion

Back 17

Bending of a joint

Front 18

Extension

Back 18

Straightening of a joint

Front 19

Adduction

Back 19

Motion toward the midline

Front 20

Abduction

Back 20

Motion away from the midline

Front 21

Bilateral

Unilateral

Back 21

Bilateral: A body part that appears on both sides of the midline.

ie. feet, eyes, ears, kidneys, lungs

Unilateral: Structures that appear on only one side of the body are side to occur unilaterally.

ie. spleen is on the left side only, liver is on the right side.

*the terms bi- and unilateral can also refer to something occurring on only one side. ie. pain occurring on only one side of the body is unilateral pain.

Front 22

Pt assessment process

Back 22

- palpate the abdomen and report findings

Front 23

Abdomen Quadrants

Back 23

The way to describe the sections of abdominal cavity. Two imaginary lines intersecting at the umbilicus, dividing abdomen into 4 equal parts.

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ.

Front 24

Anatomic Positions

Back 24

terms to describe the position of the pt as you find him or her when you are ready to transport the patient

Prone and Supine

Fowler's Position

Trendelenburg's Position

Shock Position

Recovery Position

Front 25

Prone

Supine

Back 25

lying face down

lying face up

Front 26

Fowlers position

Back 26

semi reclining position with head elevated to help them breathe easier and control the airway. A pt who is sitting up with knees bent is therefore said to be in Fowlers position.

Front 27

Trendeleburgs Postion

Back 27

supine position on an incline with feet higher than their head to keep blood in the core. Pt. is on a backboard or stretcher with the feet 6" to 12" higher than the head.

Front 28

Shock Position

Back 28

AKA modified tendelenburgs position, the head and torso (the trunk without the head and limbs) are supine, and the lower extremities are elevated 6-12" to help increase blood flow to the brain.

Front 29

Midclavicular line

Front 30

Midaxillary

Front 31

Intercostal spaces

Back 31

Spaces between ribs (horizontal lines)

Front 32

PT ASSESSMENT: DISTAL

Back 32

In relationship to injury, we always do CMS (Circulation, Motor, and Sensory) DISTAL to an injury.

Front 33

PT ASSESSMENT: BILATERAL

Back 33

When we oscillate (listen), we always listen to 3 different areas and bilaterally.