Emt-B Ch.4 Human Anatomy

Front 1

Abomen

Back 1

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphgragm and above the pelvis.

Front 2

Abduction

Back 2

Motion of a limb away from the midline.

Front 3

Acetabulum

Back 3

The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones, join, in which the femoral head fits snugly.

Front 4

Adam's apple

Back 4

The firm prominence in the upper part of the larynx formed by the thyroid cartilage. It is more prominent in men than in women.

Front 5

Alveoli

Back 5

The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Front 6

Anatomic position

Back 6

The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.

Front 7

Angle of Louis

Back 7

A ridge on the sternum that lies at the level where the second rib is attached to the sternum; provides a constant and reliable bony landmark on the anterior chest wall.

Front 8

Anterior

Back 8

The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position.

Front 9

Anterior superior iliac spines

Back 9

The bony prominences of the pelvis (ilium) at the front on each side of the lower abdomen just below the plane of the umbilicus.

Front 10

Aorta

Back 10

The principal artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.

Front 11

Apex (apices)

Back 11

The pointed extremity of a conical structure.

Front 12

Appendix

Back 12

A small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

Front 13

Arteriole

Back 13

The smallest branch of an artery leading to the vast network of capillaries.

Front 14

Atrium

Back 14

Upper chamber of the heart.

Front 15

Autonomic nervous system

Back 15

The part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily.

Front 16

Ball-and-socket joint

Back 16

A joint that allows internal and external rotations as well as bending.

Front 17

Biceps

Back 17

The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus.

Front 18

Bilateral

Back 18

A body part that appears on both sides of the midline.

Front 19

Bile ducts

Back 19

Ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine.

Front 20

Blood pressure (BP)

Back 20

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.

Front 21

Brachial artery

Back 21

The major vessel in the upper extremity that supplies blood to the arm.

Front 22

Brain

Back 22

The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgment.

Front 23

Brain stem

Back 23

The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respirations.

Front 24

Capillary vessels

Back 24

The fine end-divisions of the arterial system that allow contact between cells of the body tissues and the plasma and red blood cells.

Front 25

Carotid artery

Back 25

The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain.

Front 26

Carpometacarpal joint

Back 26

The joint between the wrist and the metacarpal bones; the thumb joint.

Front 27

Cecum

Back 27

The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens.

Front 28

Central nervous system (CNS)

Back 28

The brain and spinal cord.

Front 29

Cerebellum

Back 29

One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the "little brain"; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements.

Front 30

Cerebrum

Back 30

The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the "gray matter"; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality.

Front 31

Cervical spine

Back 31

The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck.

Front 32

Circulatory system

Back 32

The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body.

Front 33

Clavicle

Back 33

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and medial to the scapula.

Front 34

Coccyx

Back 34

The last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tailbone.

Front 35

Connecting nerves

Back 35

Nerves that connect the sensory and motor nerves in the spinal cord.

Front 36

Costal arch

Back 36

A bridge of cartilage that connects the ends of the sixth through tenth ribs with the lower portion of the sternum.

Front 37

Costovertebral angle

Back 37

An angle that is formed by the junction of the spine and the tenth rib.

Front 38

Cranium

Back 38

The area of the head above the ears and eyes; the skull. The cranium contains the brain.

Front 39

Cricoid cartilage

Back 39

A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.

Front 40

Cricothyroid membrane

Back 40

A thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx.

Front 41

Deep

Back 41

Further inside the body and away from the skin.

Front 42

Dermis

Back 42

The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.

Front 43

Diaphragm

Back 43

A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs.

Front 44

Diastole

Back 44

The relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles.

Front 45

Digestion

Back 45

The processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body.

Front 46

Distal

Back 46

Structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity.

Front 47

Dorsal

Back 47

The posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand.

Front 48

Dorsalis pedis artery

Back 48

The artery on the anterior surface of the food between the first and second metatarsals.

Front 49

Endocrine system

Back 49

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.

Front 50

Enzymes

Back 50

Protein catalysts designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions.

Front 51

Epidermis

Back 51

The outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body.

Front 52

Epiglottis

Back 52

A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food or liquid from entering.

Front 53

Esophagus

Back 53

A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; contractions of the muscle in the wall of the esophagus propel food and liquids through it to the stomach.

Front 54

Extend

Back 54

To straighten.

Front 55

Extension

Back 55

The straightening of a joint.

Front 56

Fallopian tube

Back 56

Long, slender tube that extends from the uterus to the region of the ovary on the same side, and through which the ovum passes from ovary to uterus.

Front 57

Fascia

Back 57

A sheet or band of tough fibrous connective tissue; lies deep under the skin and forms an outer layer for the muscles.

Front 58

Femoral artery

Back 58

The principal artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. It supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. It can be palpated in the groin area.

Front 59

Femoral head

Back 59

The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.

Front 60

Femur

Back 60

The thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body.

Front 61

Flex

Back 61

To bend.

Front 62

Flexion

Back 62

The bending of a joint.

Front 63

Floating ribs

Back 63

The eleventh and twelfth ribs, which do not attach to the sternum through the costal arch.

Front 64

Foramen magnum

Back 64

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

Front 65

Fowler's position

Back 65

The position in which the patient is sitting up with the knees bent.

Front 66

Gallbladder

Back 66

A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct.

Front 67

Genital system

Back 67

The male and female reproductive systems.

Front 68

Greater trochanter

Back 68

A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint.

Front 69

Hair follicles

Back 69

The small organs in the skin that produce hair.

Front 70

Heart

Back 70

A hollow muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and propels in into the arteries.

Front 71

Heart rate (pulse)

Back 71

The wave of pressure that is created by the heart's contracting and forcing blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.

Front 72

Hinge joints

Back 72

Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane.

Front 73

Humerus

Back 73

The supporting bone of the upper arm.

Front 74

Hypoxic drive

Back 74

A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood.

Front 75

iliac crest

Back 75

The rim, or wing, of the pelvic bone.

Front 76

ilium

Back 76

One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

Front 77

Inferior

Back 77

The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet.

Front 78

Inferior vena cava

Back 78

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and the abdominal organs into the heart.

Front 79

Inginal ligament

Back 79

The tough, fibrous ligament that stretches between the lateral edge of the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine.

Front 80

Involuntary muscle

Back 80

Muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulating systems of the body.

Front 81

ischium

Back 81

One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

Front 82

Joint (articulation)

Back 82

The place where two bones come into contact.

Front 83

Joint capsule

Back 83

The fibrous sac that encloses a joint.

Front 84

Kidneys

Back 84

Two retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body's salt and water content.

Front 85

Large intestine

Back 85

The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. It helps regulate water and eliminate solid waste.

Front 86

Lateral

Back 86

Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline. Also called outer structures.

Front 87

Ligament

Back 87

A band of the fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones. It supports and strengthens a joint.

Front 88

Liver

Back 88

A large solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm; it produces bile, stores sugar for immediate use by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses.

Front 89

Lumbar spine

Back 89

The lower part of the back, formed by the lowest five nonfused vertebrae of the; also called the dorsal spine.

Front 90

Lumbar vertebrae

Back 90

Vertebrae of the lumbar spine.

Front 91

Mandible

Back 91

The bone of the lower jaw.

Front 92

Manubrium

Back 92

The upper quarter of the sternum.

Front 93

Mastoid process

Back 93

A prominent bony mass at the base of the skull behind the ear.

Front 94

Maxillae

Back 94

The upper lawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate, and lodge the upper teeth.

Front 95

Medial

Back 95

Parts of the body that lie closer to the midline; also called inner structures.

Front 96

Plantar

Back 96

The bottom of the foot.

Front 97

Plasma

Back 97

A sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste material to the organs of excretion.

Front 98

Platelets

Back 98

Tiny, disk-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding.

Front 99

Pleura

Back 99

The serous membrance covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space.

Front 100

Pleural space

Back 100

The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. It is described as "potential" because under normal conditions, the lungs fill this space.

Front 101

Posterior

Back 101

The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position.

Front 102

Posterior tibial artery

Back 102

The artery just posterior to the medial malleous; supplies blood to the foot.

Front 103

Priapism

Back 103

A continuous and painful erection of the penis caused by certain spinal injuries and some diseases.

Front 104

Prone position

Back 104

The position in which the body is lying face down.

Front 105

Prostate gland

Back 105

A small gland that surrounds the male urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory fluid.

Front 106

Proximal

Back 106

Structures that are closer to the trunk.

Front 107

Pubic symphysis

Back 107

A hard bony prominence that is found in the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen.

Front 108

Pubis

Back 108

One of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring.

Front 109

Pulmonary artery

Back 109

The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; it carries oxygen-poor blood.

Front 110

Pulmonary veins

Back 110

The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Front 111

Pulse

Back 111

The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.

Front 112

Quadrants

Back 112

The way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity. Imagine two lines intersecting at the umbilicus dividing the abdomen into four equal areas.

Front 113

Radial artery

Back 113

The major artery in the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side.

Front 114

Radius

Back 114

The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.

Front 115

Rectum

Back 115

The lowermost end of the colon.

Front 116

Red blood cells

Back 116

Cells that carry oxygen to the body's tissues; also called erythrocytes.

Front 117

Renal pelvis

Back 117

A cone-shaped collecting area that connects the ureter and the kidney.

Front 118

Respiratory system

Back 118

All the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts.

Front 119

Retroperitoneal

Back 119

Behind the abdominal cavity.

Front 120

Sacrum

Back 120

One of three bones (sacrum and two pelvic bones) that make up the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae.

Front 121

Salivary glands

Back 121

The glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist.

Front 122

Scalp

Back 122

The thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair.

Front 123

Scapula

Back 123

The shoulder blade.

Front 124

Sebaceous glands

Back 124

Glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharges along the shafts of the hairs.

Front 125

Semen

Back 125

Seminal fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm.

Front 126

Seminal vesicles

Back 126

Storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate.

Front 127

Sensory nerves

Back 127

The nerves that carry sensations of touch, taste, heat, cold, pain, or other modalities from the body to the central nervous system.

Front 128

Shock position

Back 128

The position that has the head and torso (trunk) supine and the lower extremities elevated 6" to 12". This helps to increase blood flow to increase blood flow to the brain; also referred to as the modified Trendelenburg's position.

Front 129

Shoulder girdle

Back 129

The proximal portion of the upper extremity, made up of the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus.

Front 130

Skeletal muscle

Back 130

Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle.

Front 131

Skeleton

Back 131

The framework that gives us our recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs.

Front 132

Small intestine

Back 132

The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Front 133

Smooth muscle

Back 133

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity.

Front 134

Somatic nervous system

Back 134

The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control.

Front 135

Spinal cord

Back 135

An extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It lies inside of, and is protected by, the spinal canal.

Front 136

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

Back 136

The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head.

Front 137

Sternum

Back 137

The breastbone.

Front 138

Striated muscle

Back 138

Muscle that has characteristic stripes, or striations, under the microscope; voluntary, or skeletal, muscle.

Front 139

Subcutaneous tissue

Back 139

Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.

Front 140

Superficial

Back 140

Closer to or on the skin.

Front 141

Superior

Back 141

The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the head.

Front 142

Superior vena cava

Back 142

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.

Front 143

Supine position

Back 143

The position in which the body is lying face up.

Front 144

Sweat glands

Back 144

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

Front 145

Systole

Back 145

The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that of the ventricles.

Front 146

Temporal regions

Back 146

The lateral portions on each side of the cranium.

Front 147

Temporomandibular joint

Back 147

The joint where the mandible meets with the temporal bone of the cranium just in front of each ear.

Front 148

Testicle

Back 148

A male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm.

Front 149

Thoracic cage

Back 149

The chest or rib cage.

Front 150

Thoracic spine

Back 150

The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae.

Front 151

Thorax

Back 151

The chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels (the aorta and the two venae cavae).

Front 152

Thyroid cartilage

Back 152

A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx; the Adam's apple.

Front 153

Tibia

Back 153

The shinbone, the larger of the two bones of the lower leg.

Front 154

Topographic anatomy

Back 154

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.

Front 155

Torso

Back 155

The trunk without the head and limbs.

Front 156

Trachea

Back 156

The windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs.

Front 157

Trendelenburg's position

Back 157

The position in which the body is supine with the head lower than the feet.

Front 158

Triceps

Back 158

The muscle in the back of the upper arm.

Front 159

Ulna

Back 159

The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb.

Front 160

Ulnar artery

Back 160

One of the major arteries of the forearm; it can be palpated at the wrist on the ulnar side (at the base of the fifth finger).

Front 161

Ureter

Back 161

A small, hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Front 162

Urethra

Back 162

The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body.

Front 163

Urinary bladder

Back 163

A sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.

Front 164

Urinary system

Back 164

The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.

Front 165

Vagina

Back 165

A muscular distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva (the external female genitalia); also called the birth canal.

Front 166

Vasa deferentia

Back 166

The spermatic duct of the testicles; also called vas deferens.

Front 167

Ventral

Back 167

The anterior surface of the body.

Front 168

Ventricle

Back 168

Lower chamber of the heart.

Front 169

Vertebrae

Back 169

The 33 bones that make up the spinal column.

Front 170

Voluntary muscle

Back 170

Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will; skeletal, or striated, muscle.

Front 171

White blood cells

Back 171

Blood cells that play a role in the body's immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes.

Front 172

Xiphoid process

Back 172

The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum.

Front 173

Zygomas

Back 173

The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.