Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Which of the following can act as an inducer? Pg 25
A. epithelia B. mesenchyme C. both D. neither *epithelial-mesenchymal interactions *epithelial-epithelial interactions |
C. both
|
|
2. Which of the following requires a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the target cell? Pg 25
A. paracrine signaling B. juxtacrine signaling C. both D. neither *Paracrine – diffusable proteins travel short distances to target cell (4 types) *Juxtacrine – acts over short distances; non-diffusable factors; direct transmission of signal b/t cells via gap junctions |
C. both
|
|
3. The epidermis of the skin is derived from: pg 26
A. ectoderm - initially a single layer of ectoderm (2 layers during month 2) B. mesoderm – dermis and arrector pilli muscle are from mesoderm C. both D. neither |
A. ectoderm - initially a single layer of ectoderm (2 layers during month 2)
|
|
4. The periderm is found in the dermis of the skin. Pg 26
A. true B. false *mesoderm is found in the dermis; periderm is found in the epidermis |
B. false
|
|
5. Place the following in order from earliest to latest to appear. Pg 26-27
(1) vernix caseosa (2) periderm (3) hair A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 2, 1 C. 2, 3, 1 D. 2, 1, 3 *periderm , hair , vernix caseosa |
C. 2, 3, 1
|
|
6. The reticular dermis of the skin is derived from the: pg 27
A. corium – upper layer forms dermal papillae B. subcorium – lower layer containing fat deposits; also called hypodermis in adult C. both D. neither |
A. corium – upper layer forms dermal papillae
|
|
7. Sebaceous glands are derived from: pg 28
A. mesoderm B. ectoderm – as well as sweat glands, hair shaft and epidermal root sheath C. both |
B. ectoderm – as well as sweat glands, hair shaft and epidermal root sheath
|
|
8. Sweat glands are derived from: pg 28
A. mesoderm B. ectoderm C. both |
B. ectoderm
|
|
9. The mammary pit is present at birth. Pg 28
A. true B. false |
A. true
|
|
10. Polymastia refers to extra: pg 29
A. nipples – polythelia – extra nipples and inverted nipple – failure of mammary pit to evert B. breast tissue *albinism – melanocytes don’t produce melanin *ichthyosis – excessive keratinization of skin *hair -hypertrichosis – excessive hair; localized or general -atrichia – absense of hair |
B. breast tissue
|
|
11. Skeletal muscle is derived from ______ mesoderm. Pg 30
A. somatic B. splanchnic C. both D. neither *skeletal muscle – derived from paraxial along with preotic myotomes and occipital myotomes |
D. neither
|
|
12. In order for muscle cells to develop into definitive muscles, they must be innervated by motor neurons.
A. true B. false |
A. true
|
|
13. Which of the following is innervated by the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve? Pg 31
A. hypomere – ventral ramus – thorax, abdomen, diaphragm and limbs B. epimere – extensor muscles of neck and back C. both D. neither |
B. epimere – extensor muscles of neck and back
|
|
14. The musculature of the limbs develops from the: pg 31
A. epimere B. hypomere C. both |
B. hypomere
|
|
15. Which of the following develop from preotic myotomes? Pg 30
A. muscles of the tongue – occipital myotomes B. muscles of mastication – occipital myotomes C. muscles of the eye D. muscles of facial expression – occipital myotomes |
C. muscles of the eye
|
|
16. Cardiac muscle is derived from paraxial mesoderm. Pg 30
A. true B. false *cardiac muscle is derived from splanchnic mesoderm *skeletal muscle is derived from paraxial mesoderm |
B. false
|
|
17. Which of the following pairs is incorrect? Pg 32-33
A. sclerotome – vertebrae B. myotome – smooth muscle – smooth muscle is splanchnic (smooth muscle associated with viscera) and is somatic (smooth muscles of blood vessels) C. dermatome – dermis D. all are correct |
B. myotome – smooth muscle – smooth muscle is splanchnic (smooth muscle associated with viscera) and is somatic (smooth muscles of blood vessels)
|
|
18. Most intramembranous ossification occurs in the skull. Pg 33-34
A. true B. false *intramembranous – flat bones of head and face (viscerocranium and vault of neurocranium)) *endochondral – most of skeleton; uses cartilage model (base of neurocranium and limbs) |
A. true
|
|
19. The base of the neurocranium develops by ______ ossification. Pg 34
A. intramembranous B. endochondral |
B. endochondral
|
|
20. The term viscerocranium refers to the bones that surround and protect the brain. Pg 33-34
A. true B. false *viscerocranium – face *neurocranium – surrounds and protects the brain |
B. false
|
|
21. The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) determines the order of the digits. Pg 35
A. true B. false *AER – induced by mesoderm, develops within ectoderm, essential for limb growth (proximal to distal) *ZPA – at caudal tip of plate, determines order of digits (superior to inferior) |
B. false
|
|
22. Vertebra form from ______ mesoderm. Pg 33
A. somatic B. paraxial C. both D. neither |
B. paraxial
|
|
23. Cells that arise from the neuroepithelium of the neural tube include all of the following except: pg 37
A. motor neurons. B. ependymal cells. C. glial cells. D. all of the above arise from the neuroepithelium of the neural tube. |
D. all of the above arise from the neuroepithelium of the neural tube.
|
|
24. All of the following are derived from the diencephalon except: pg 40
A. thalamus B. adenohypophysis C. hypothalamus D. neurohypophysis |
B. adenohypophysis
|
|
25. Motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles arise from neuroblasts in the: pg 38
A. basal plate marginal layer. B. alar plate marginal layer. C. basal plate mantle layer. D. alar plate mantle layer. - dorsal; sensory *marginal layer – becomes white matter |
C. basal plate mantle layer.
|
|
26. Bones of the body are derived from: pg 33
A. paraxial mesoderm - B. somatic mesoderm C. ectoderm D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
|
|
27. pons
28. thalamus 29. superior colliculi 30. medulla oblongata 31. cerebral hemispheres 32. cerebellum A. telencephalon B. diencephalon C. mesencephalon D. metencephalon E. myelencephalon |
27. pons D. metencephalon
28. thalamus B. diencephalon 29. superior colliculi C. mesencephalon 30. medulla oblongata E. myelencephalon 31. cerebral hemispheres A. telencephalon 32. cerebellum D. metencephalon |
|
33. Apoptosis plays a role in the formation of the digits of the hand. Pg 35
A. true B. false |
true
|
|
34. The ____ induces outgrowth of the limb bud from the body wall. Pg 35
A. ZPA B. AER C. both D. neither |
B. AER
|
|
35. The notochord persists in the vertebral body.
A. true B. false |
false
|
|
36. As it develops, the lower limb rotates 90°: pg 35
A. laterally – upper limb B. medially C. it does not rotate |
B. medially
|
|
37. Which of the following describes the premature closure of cranial sutures? Pg 35
A. Klippel-Feil syndrome – reduced # of cervical vertebrae; others fused or abnormal B. microcephaly – small skull due to failure of brain to grow C. cranioscchisis – cranial vault incomplete; anencephaly D. craniosynostosis |
D. craniosynostosis
|
|
38. Place the following in order from earliest to latest to appear: pg 38
(1) spinal nerve (2) mantle layer (3) marginal layer A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 2, 1 C. 2, 3, 1 D. 3, 1, 2 *mantle layer , marginal layer , spinal layer |
C. 2, 3, 1
|
|
39. Neural crest cells can develop into: pg 37
A. neurons B. supporting cells of the nervous system C. coverings of the nervous system D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
|
|
40. Cranial and caudal neuropores normally close during week: pg 37
A. two B. three C. four – cranial day 25 and caudal day 27 D. five |
C. four – cranial day 25 and caudal day 27
|
|
41. Which of the following results from failure of the cranial neuropore to close? Pg 41 & 35
A. Arnold-Chiari malformation – herniation of cerebellar tissue through foramen magnum; frequently associated with spina bifida cystica B. craniosynostosis – premature closure of sutures C. hydrocephalus – abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid due to obstruction of drainage into subarachnoid space D. anencephaly |
D. anencephaly
|
|
42. The flexure that develops in the region of the metencephalon is called the: pg 39
A. cephalic flexure B. mesencephalic flexure C. pontine flexure D. cervical flexure |
C. pontine flexure
|
|
43. The sulcus limitans: pg 38
A. separates the medulla oblongata from the pons B. marks the site of closure of the cranial neuropore C. separates the alar and basal plates D. separates the diencephalon from the telencephalon |
C. separates the alar and basal plates
|
|
44. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle is derived from the ____ plate. Pg 39
A. alar B. basal C. floor D. roof of rhombencephalon |
D. roof of rhombencephalon
|
|
45. Which of the following represent persistence of the lumen of the neural tube in the adult? Pg 37
A. ventricle of the brain B. central canal of the spinal cord C. both D. neither |
C. both
|
|
46. Ossification of all bones in the body is completed at birth.
A. true B. false |
false
|
|
47. Which of the following usually has more severe consequences for the affected individual? Pg 36
A. spina bifida oculta – cleft vertebra – vertebral arches do not form B. spina bifida cystica – accompanied by spinal cord anomalies C. they are equally severe |
B. spina bifida cystica – accompanied by spinal cord anomalies
|
|
48. There are distinct alar and basal plates in all of the following except: pg 40
A. spinal cord B. mesencephalon C. myelencephalon & metencephalon D. telencephalon – plates not evident |
D. telencephalon – plates not evident
|
|
49. Arnold-Chiari malformation is frequently associated with spina bifida cystica. Pg 41
A. true B. false |
true
|