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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what we know about group differences among students
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1. There is a great deal of individual variability within any group; 2. there is almost always a great deal of overlap between two groups
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what an IQ score tells you about a student's intellectual ability in comparison with other students
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general measure of current cognitive functioning, used primarily to predict academic achievement; determined by comparing a person's performance with that of others in the same age-group
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relationship of IQ scores to academic achievement
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on average, IQ scores do better on standardized achievement tests, have higher school grades, and complete more years of education
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things to remember about IQ scores
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1. intelligence does not necessarily cause achievement; 2. relationship between IQ scores and achievement is not a perfect one; and 3. IQ scores simply reflect a student's performance on a particular test at a particular time, and that some change is to be expected over the years
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Spearman's concept of "g" in intelligence
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Although various intelligence tests yield somewhat different scores, people who score high on one test tend to score high on others -- the "g" or "general" factor. "G" is a reflection of the speed and efficiency with which people can process information
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Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (optimistic view of human potential)
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there are 8 different abilities or "intelligences" that are relatively independent of each other; manifest themselves differently in different cultures: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
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Intelligent behavior involves an interplay of 3 factors: environmental context in which the behavior occurs; the way in which one's prior experience is brought to bear on a task, and the cognitives processes required of the task
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criteria for creativity
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new and original behavior that yields an appropriate and productive result
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examples of divergent thinking
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creativity often involves divergent thinking -- starting with one idea and taking it in many different directions (adding improvements to a wagon to make it more fun to play with)
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teacher "wait time"
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length of time a teacher pauses, either after asking a question or hearing a comment, before saying something
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individual achievement and competition in Hispanic and Native American communities
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in these cultures, it is neither individual achievement nor competitive achievement that is recognized, but rather group achievement
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results of research examining gender differences on verbal, visual-spatial and mathematical abilities
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researchers have found that gender differences are quite small, and some have found them to be getting smaller in recent years; for all intents and purposes, we should expect boys and girls to have similar academic aptitudes for different subject areas
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