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15 Cards in this Set
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price elasticity of demand
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The ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded of a product or resource to the percentage change in its price; a measure of the responsiveness of buyers to a
change in the price of a product or resource. |
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midpoint formula
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A method for calculating price elasticity of
de mand or price elasticity of supply that averages the two prices and two quantities as the reference points for computing percentages. |
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elastic demand
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Product or resource demand whose price
elasticity is greater than 1. This means the resulting change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price . |
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inelastic demand
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Product or resource demand for which the
elasticity coefficient for price is less than 1. This means the resulting percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price . |
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unit elasticity
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Demand or supply for which the elasticity coefficient
is equal to 1; means that the percentage change in the quantity demanded or supplied is equal to the percentage change in price. |
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perfectly inelastic demand
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Product or resource demand in
which price can be of any amount at a particular quantity of the product or resource demanded; quantity demanded does not respond to a change in price; graphs as a vertical demand curve . |
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perfectly elastic demand
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Product or resource demand in
which quantity demanded can be of any amount at a particular product price; graphs as a horizontal demand curve . |
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total revenue (TR)
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The total number of dollars received by a
firm (or firms) from the sale of a product; equal to the total expenditures for the product produced by the firm (or firms); equal to the quantity sold (demanded) multiplied by the price at which it is sold. |
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total-revenue test
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A test to determine elasticity of demand between
any two prices: Demand is elastic if total revenue moves in the opposite direction from price; it is inelastic when it moves in the same direction as price; and it is of unitary elasticity when it does not change when price changes. |
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price elasticity of supply
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The ratio of the percentage change
in quantity supplied of a product or resource to the percentage change in its price; a measure of the responsiveness of producers to a change in the price of a product or resource. |
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market period
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A period in which producers of a product are
unable to change the quantity produced in response to a change in its price and in which there is a perfectly inelastic supply . |
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short run
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(1) In microeconomics, a period of time in which producers
are able to change the quantities of some but not all of the resources they employ; a period in which some resources (usually plant) are fixed and some are variable. |
(2) In macroeconomics, a
period in which nominal wages and other input prices do not change in response to a change in the price level. |
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long run
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(1) In microeconomics, a period of time long enough to
enable producers of a product to change the quantities of all the resources they employ; period in which all resources and costs are variable and no resources or costs are fixed. |
(2) In macroeconomics,
a period sufficiently long for nominal wages and other input prices to change in response to a change in a nation’s price level . |
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cross elasticity of demand
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The ratio of the percentage
change in quantity demanded of one good to the percentage change in the price of some other good. A positive coefficient indicates the two products are substitute goods; a negative coefficient indicates they are complementary goods . |
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income elasticity of demand
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The ratio of the percentage
change in the quantity demanded of a good to a percentage change in consumer income; measures the responsiveness of consumer purchases to income changes. |
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