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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Herman and Mack proposed the restraint theory which explains what 2 factors? (2) (AO1) |
• disinhibition theory • the boundary model |
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Considering the role of disinhibition, why does not eating results in overrating? (1) (AO1) |
• due to the disinhibition (loss of control) of restraint that is the cause of overrating in restrained eaters |
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How did Wardles and Beales show that dieting actually caused overeating, supporting restraint theory? (3) (AO2) |
• randomly assigned obese women to one of three groups for 7 weeks • restrained eating, exercise or non treatment • women in restrained eating group are more than women in the other two groups |
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What does the boundary model suggest about why dieters overeat? (2) (AO1) |
• takes dieters longer to feel hungry and therefore need more food to reach a state of satiety • in addition, dieters have a self imposed desire intake -> unlike non dieters, when they go over the threshold of desired intake, they experience a 'what the hell' effect and continue to eat until they reach satiety I.e beyond the maxim level imposed as part of their diet |
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What example of eating disorder does Odgen use to argue the relevance of restraint theory? (2) (AO2) |
• limited relevance as the behaviour of restricting anorexics cannot be explained in this way • if trying not to eat results in overrating, claims Odgen, then how do restricting anorexics manage to starve themselves? |
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How does the restraint theory explain why real world applications of obesity treatments fail? (2) (IDA) |
• as the treatments recommends restraint as a way of loosing weight • as a result this leads to overrating, which leads to individuals feeling depressed, feeling failure and unable to control their weight |
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Why do some cultural groups find it more difficult to weight loss? (1) (AO2) |
• some cultural groups appear to find it harder to diet successfully due to a natural inclination to obesity |
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What did Park et al find with Asian adults, and what did Misra et al find with Asian children, to suggest about why these cultural groups fail at dieting? (2) (AO2) |
• Park says Asian adults more prone to obesity than Europeans • Misra says Asian children have a greater central fat mass compared to other ethic groups |
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What are the negatives of relying on anecdotal evidence for success and failure of dieting? (3) (IDA) |
• memory isn't 100% accurate • assessment of success and failure of dieting tends not to be objective • both of these create problems for the reliability of anecdotal accounts |
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The role of denial provides a second explanation, what is suggested by the theory of ironic processes? (2) (AO1) |
• attempting to suppress a though frequently has the opposite effect, making it even more prominent • denial makes good more attractive |
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What does Wegner suggest about the theory of ironic processes? (2) (AO1) |
• any attempt to suppress thoughts of a forbidden foods only increases the dieters preoccupation with the very foods they are trying to deny themselves • as soon as good is denied it becomes more attractive |
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How does Soetens et al support theory of ironic processes? (2) (AO2) |
• ppts who suppressed thoughts about food also showed a rebound effect, and were more likely to think about food after suppression • this might explain why denial of thoughts about food leads to greater rather than less preoccupation with it |
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Some people find dieting ineffective because they are born to have high levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) which means? (2) (IDA) |
• body is more effective at storing calories • therefore it's determined they are fat • free will vs determinism |
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What effects does oestrogen has upon levels of LPL? (2) (AO2) |
• oestrogen inhibits LPL activity which explains why women put on weight after menopause when oestrogen levels are lower
• therefore dieting is harder through restraint of denial due to biological reasons |
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How does Mensink et al highlight that there are individual differences when considering types of restrainer? (1) (IDA) |
• high restrainer are hypersensitive to food cues and therefore quit there diets more easily when exposed to such |
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How does Stirling et al support Mensink et al's findings of the hyper-restrainer? (1) (AO2) |
• those more likely to give in to forbidden chocolates where high restrainers |
