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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Earthquakes occur because of ______.
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plate tectonics
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The first seismic waves to reach seismograph stations move in a push-and-pull motion. They are called _____.
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primary waves
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After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.
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aftershocks
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Surface waves cause the most damage, but they are ironically called _____.
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love waves
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How did the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake cause so much damage if it occurred in the middle of the Indian Ocean?
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The earthquake caused a tsunami which caused destruction.
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Where a major earthquake has happened in the past, but not in a while, is called a seismic _____.
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gap
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With the help of three seismograph stations, the epicenter of an earthquake can be located by a process called _____.
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triangulation
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Which scale measures the amount of damage after an earthquake?
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Mercalli Intensity scale
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Broad areas of folded rock layers that resemble an upside-down bowl are called _____.
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domes
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Broad areas of folded rock layers that resemble a bowl turned right-side up are called _____.
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basins
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Mountains produced by tensional stress, like the Teton Range in Wyoming, are called _____.
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fault-block mountains
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Mountains that have developed because of compressional stress—colliding plates that force rock layers upward—are called _____.
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folded mountains
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Deep within the earth, the process of mantle _______ drives plate tectonics.
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convection
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To measure the strength of an earthquake, you can use either a ______ scale or ______ scale.
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richter, moment magnitude
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Rock layers are pressed under compressional stress
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Reverse fault
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Rock layers are pressed under tensional stress
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normal fault
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rock layers are pressed under shear stress
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strike-slip fault
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Hanging wall has dropped relative to the footwall
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normal fault
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Haning wall has risen relative to the footwall
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reverse fault
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With today's advanced technology, scientists are able to predict when an earthquake will occur. t/f
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false
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Scientists can identify where earthquakes will most likely occur. t/f
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true
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The Richter scale measures strength while the Mercalli intensity scale measures the effects of an earthquake. Another difference between the Richter scale and the Mercalli intensity scale is _____.
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the Richter scale provides a single measurement while the Mercalli intensity scale can produce multiple measurements depending on the area affected
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What helps form volcanoes? (3)
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plate tectonics, cracks in earth's crust, and built up magma
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The Pacific plate collides with and is subducted under four other crustal plates. The area where this happens has lots of volcanic activity. This area is called the _____.
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Ring of fire
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Which of the following are beneficial products of volcanic activity?
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the hawaiian island, the fertile soil, geothermal energy
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A volcano with basaltic magma would probably _____.
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erupt with a gradual flow
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Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea are the tallest volcanic mountains on Earth. They have broad, shallow slopes. What kind of volcanoes are they?
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shield
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If you look up at the Mayon volcano in the Philippines, you'll notice a very tall, steep, and sleek cone. Apparently, this volcano erupted very violently in the past, spewing out both lava and volcanic rock material. The Mayon is a _____.
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composite
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Mount Paricutin in Mexico is known for its explosive eruptions. It isn't very tall because it's made mostly of volcanic rock and ash that easily erode. Mount Paricutin is a _____.
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cinder cone
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This feature occurs in an area where water is heated under ground to the point of boiling. When the water and steam build, they finally rise through a vent on the surface, spraying water and steam high up into the air. This feature is a _____.
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geyser
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Naturally hot water containing many minerals and found on the surface of the earth is called a _____.
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hot spring
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A natural disaster produced by volcanic activity that has killed more people than lava flows is _____.
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a landslide or mudslide
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To living organisms, the most dangerous debris from tephra is probably _____, because it spreads so widely.
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volcanic ash
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Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted and caused the "Year without a Summer." Over 100,000 people died from starvation because of the resulting _____.
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climate change
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What are warning signs of a volcanic eruption? (3)
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the temperature of a volcano has risen significantly, theres an increase in seismic activity near the volcano, smoke plumes are rising out of the crater
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A tiltmeter is a volcanic monitoring tool that measures _____.
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ground swelling
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If you had to measure the amount of sulfur dioxide coming out of a volcano, what instrument would you use?
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correlation spectrometer
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What are some geological features of volcanic activity? (4)
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intrusive and extrusive igneous rock, volcanic necks, flood basalt plateaus, calderas and craters
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_____ are geological features created by rhyolitic magma. Rhyolitic magma promotes _____ eruptions.
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lava domes, plinian
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_____ magma is a mix between basaltic and rhyolitic magma. The eruption that would most likely result from this magma is a _____ eruption.
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andesitic, strombolian
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As for earthquakes, ___ can be used to monitor tremor activity of volcanoes.
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seismograph
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Plinian eruptions are the most powerful type of eruption. They are usually caused by _____ magma.
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rhyolitic
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A volcanic eruption can be predicted. t/f
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true
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someone who creates maps
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cartographer
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You can tell what type of rock is in an area and its age range by reviewing the area's color and _____ and comparing it to information given in the legend.
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letters
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he distance between contour lines of elevation
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contour interval
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lines of equal elevation that display height, shape, and steepness of ground features
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contour lines
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teeth-like marks on contour lines that indicate a depression or sunken area
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hachure marks
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also known as a contour map; shows shape, steepness, and height of ground features by using contour lines
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topographical map
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Where a contour line crosses a river, it makes a V shape. The open side or mouth of the V indicates _____.
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downstream
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Topographic maps represent an area's physical features by describing _____.
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shape, elevation, and steepness of features
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The upstream of a river can be determined by _____.
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the direction of the points of the V shapes on contour lines
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The capital letter(s) that label a rock unit (e.g., KJk) on a geologic map represents the rock unit's _____.
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age range
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Hachure lines, or lines with teeth, describe _____.
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depressions
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Any place inside a hachure line is a _____ elevation than the hachure line.
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lower
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remember less than 2750 feet
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okey
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