Earth Moon And Sun Test

Front 1

astronomy

Back 1

the study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space

Front 2

rotation

Back 2

the spinning of the Earth on its axis

Front 3

revolution

Back 3

the movement of one object around another

Front 4

calender

Back 4

a system of organizing tome that defines the beginning, length, and divisions of the year

Front 5

leap year

Back 5

the Romans created the leap year because the earth's rotation around the sun takes 365 and 1/4 days. Every 4 years, February has 29 days instead of 28, and this year is called the leap year.

Front 6

Where does the sun hit most directly?

Back 6

On the equator

Front 7

Why are there seasons?

Back 7

Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from being vertical as it revolves around the sun.

Front 8

solstice

Back 8

When the sun is farthest north or south of the equator. This happens twice a year.

Front 9

equinox

Back 9

When both hemispheres receive the same amount of sunlight. This happens twice a year.

Front 10

orbit

Back 10

the path the Earth takes around the sun

Front 11

ellipse

Back 11

a path that is not quite circular

Front 12

axis

Back 12

an imaginary line that passes through the Earth's center and the north and south poles

Front 13

gravity

Back 13

the force that attracts all objects toward each other

Front 14

Law of universal gravitation

Back 14

states that every object in the universe attracts every other object.

Front 15

weight

Back 15

the force of gravity on an object

Front 16

inertia

Back 16

the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Front 17

Newton's first law of motion

Back 17

states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and and object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force

Front 18

What keeps the moon in orbit?

Back 18

inertia and gravity

Front 19

What two factors effect how much gravity is between two objects?

Back 19

the distance and the mass
(farther = less gravity, smaller = less gravity)

Front 20

mass

Back 20

the amount of matter in an object

Front 21

_________+ _________ on the moon are the same length and why?

Back 21

A day or a year because the moon revolves around the earth in the same amount of time it rotates once on it's axis. Also, the same side of the moon always faces the earth.

Front 22

Why does the moon shine?

Back 22

Because the sun's light reflects off it.

Front 23

phases

Back 23

the different shapes of the moon in the sky that you see from earth, depending on the amount of it that is reflected.

Front 24

new moon

Back 24

moon is not lit because the sun is behind the moon

Front 25

eclipse

Back 25

when an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on that third object, causing an eclipse

Front 26

solar eclipse

Back 26

It is when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from the earth.

Front 27

lunar eclipse

Back 27

It is when the Earth blocks sunlight from the moon.

Front 28

What are tides?

Back 28

Tides are caused mainly by differences in how much the moon's gravity pulls on different parts of the earth.

Front 29

spring tides

Back 29

When there is the greatest difference between a high and low tides.

Front 30

neap tides

Back 30

When there is the least difference between high and low tides.

Front 31

telescope

Back 31

a device built to see far away things. Basic telescopes contain two lenses:
One to bend the light to a focus point
The other to focus on the focus point

Front 32

Name three features of the moon's surface.

Back 32

maria, craters, and highlands

Front 33

maria

Back 33

the dark flat areas on the moon that are formed from hardened lava flow rock

Front 34

craters

Back 34

round pits caused by meteoroids

Front 35

highlands

Back 35

high, flat mountains, like plateaus

Front 36

meteoroids

Back 36

chunks of rocks and dust from space

Front 37

describe the origin of the moon

Back 37

1. universe is very small, about the size of a marker cap and very dense
2. explodes
3. effect so great still expanding
4.universe is filled with debris
5. a planet sized debris crashes into earth
6. the debris from that collects into a sphere and becomes the moon

Front 38

Describe the moon(size, density, temperature, atmosphere, and water)

Back 38

size:
approximately the size of the US
density:
1/8th as dense as earth
temperature:
130 degrees to negative 180 degrees
atmosphere:
no atmosphere because gravity is so weak that the gasses escape
water:
no water on surface and very dry, but traces are found near the moon