Dtr Exam Practice Questions - Set 3

Front 1

Recommendations for the TLC diet?

Back 1

-- saturated fat intake < 7 % of the total calorie intake

-- cholesterol intake of < 200 mg/day

-- Sodium intake limited to 2400 mg/day

-- total fat intake 25-35% of daily total calories

-- Calorie intake should be kept to a level needed for maintaining healthy weight

-- Physical activity must be maintained regularly along with the diet, i.e. at least 30 minutes of exercise each day.

Front 2

Which of the following is the next step for an individual who does not want to begin medication to lower blood cholesterol but has not had success with the TLC diet?

1. consume <20% total calories from fat, with <10% from saturated sources, & cholesterol <200 mg/day

2. consume <15% total calories from fat, with <8% from saturated sources, & cholesterol <100 mg/day

3. consume <10% total calories from fat, with <5% from saturated sources, & cholesterol <50 mg/day

4. consume <10% total calories from fat, with <3% from saturated sources, & cholesterol <5 mg/day

Back 2

4. consume <10% total calories from fat, with <3% from saturated sources, & cholesterol <5 mg/day

Front 3

What lifestyle change is most beneficial to a person with hypertension?

1. limiting alcohol to 1 oz/day for men or 1/2 oz/day for women

2. lose weight if overweight

3. lower sodium intake to less than 2400 mg/day

4. increase intake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium

Back 3

2. lose weight if overweight

Front 4

A 45 year old woman is following the DASH diet. She is consuming 1800 cal/day. Which of the following sets of nutritional goals is appropriate for her based on the DASH diet guidelines?

1. 60 g total fat, up to 20 g saturated fat, 70 g of protein, 250 g of carbohydrate, 2300 mg sodium, 200 mg cholesterol, 20 g of fiber

2. 50 g total fat, up to 20 g saturated fat, 70 g of protein, 250 g of carbohydrate, 1500 mg sodium, 100 mg cholesterol, 25 g of fiber

3. 90 g total fat, up to 25 g saturated fat, 90 g of protein, 270 g of carbohydrate, 2300 mg sodium, 300 mg cholesterol, 30 g of fiber

4. 55 g total fat, up to 20 g saturated fat, 70 g of protein, 250 g of carbohydrate, 2300 mg sodium, 200 mg cholesterol, 20 g of fiber

Back 4

4. 55 g total fat, up to 20 g saturated fat, 70 g of protein, 250 g of carbohydrate, 2300 mg sodium, 200 mg cholesterol, 20 g of fiber

Front 5

What are the recommendations for the DASH diet?

Back 5

1. sodium -

-- Standard DASH diet. You can consume up to 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium a day

-- Lower sodium DASH diet. You can consume up to 1,500 mg of sodium a day

2. potassium - 90 mEq/day

3. fat - 27% of calories with up to 6% from saturated fat

4. cholesterol - 150 mg/day

5. protein - 18% of calories

6. carbohydrates - 55% of calories

Front 6

Sources of potassium?

Back 6

bananas, OJ, broccoli, cantaloupe, potatoes, spinach, watermelon, sweet potatoes, mushrooms, prunes (dried plums), winter squash

other good sources: dry beans, lentils, peas, milk & yogurt

Front 7

As a dietetic technician, you are assisting a 78 year old man with congestive heart failure with meal selections. He has gained 10 lbs over the past week and is starting Lasix. Which of the following lists reasonable goals for this patient in terms of meal selection?

1. 2000-3000 mg sodium per day, adequate potassium, & mild fluid restriction

2. No added salt diet with 2000 mg potassium & 500 ml fluid restriction

3. 1500 mg sodium, 4000 mg potassium, & 2000 ml of fluid per day

4. 500 mg sodium with 2000 mg potassium, 1000 ml fluid restriction

Back 7

1. 2000-3000 mg sodium per day, adequate potassium, & mild fluid restriction

-- individuals with congestive heart failure should try to limit their sodium to 2000-3000 mg/day. Too much sodium causes fluid retention, & this extra fluid puts additional strain on the heart.

-- Lasix causes the body to excrete potassium as it gets rid of extra fluid, so adequate potassium is essential

Front 8

The main, long-term nutritional priorities for post-cardiac transplant patients long-term likely include all the following except:

1. monitoring & managing glucose intolerance

2. instituting a high protein diet to prevent catabolism due to steroids

3. weight management

4. cholesterol management

Back 8

2. instituting a high protein diet to prevent catabolism due to steroids

-- a high protein diet is more appropriate in the immediate post transplant period due to stress of surgery, catabolism due to high dose steroids, and the need for wound healing. As the patient recovers and the steroids are weaned, the need for a high protein diet is not usually warranted.

Front 9

outcome measures for nutrition intervention for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may include all the following except:

1. improvement in nutritional status

2. improvement in activities of daily living (ADL)

3. improvement in renal function

4. improvement in weight status

Back 9

3. improvement in renal function

Front 10

How much protein does the National Kidney Foundation recommend that a patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who has not yet started to receive dialysis treatments comsume daily?

• 0.5 g/kg
• 0.6 g/kg
• 1 g/kg
• 1.2 g/kg

Back 10

• 0.6 g/kg

Front 11

What are the protein, fat, and carbohydrate amounts in these categories of the American Dietetic Association's Food Exchange List for Meal Planning?

• Starches
• Fruits & fruit juices
• milk & yogurt
• non-starchy vegetables
• meats & meat substitutes

Back 11

Starches -- 15g carb, 3g protein, 0-1g fat, 80 cals

Fruits & fruit juices -- 15g carb, 0g protein, 0g fat, 60 cals

milk, yogurt, & dairy-like foods:

-- fat free & low fat (1%) -- 15g carbs, 8g protein, 0-3g fat, 100 cals

-- reduced fat (2%) -- 15g carbs, 8g protein, 5g fat, 120 cals

-- whole milk -- 15g carbs, 8g protein, 8g fat, 160 cals

non-starchy vegetables -- 5g carbs, 2g protein, 0g fat, 25 cals

meats & meat substitutes:

-- lean selections -- 0g carb, 7g protein, 0-3g fat, 45 cals

-- medium selections -- 0g carb, 7g protein, 4-7g fat, 75 cals

-- high fat selections -- 0g carb, 7g protein, 8g or more fat, 100 cals

Front 12

What is allowed on the NDD level 1 diet?

Back 12

dysphagia pureed - all foods must be pureed and thickened (if necessary) to a pudding-like consistency. It must be lump free and little or no chewing is required.

Front 13

NDD level 2?

Back 13

Dysphagia mechanically altered - all foods are moist, soft-textured, and easily chewed. Meats are ground and served with gravy or sauce. Cooked breakfast cereals and soft pancakes moistened with syrup are included in this diet. Tuna salad and egg salad are allowed. Some chewing is required.

Front 14

NDD level 3?

Back 14

Dysphagia advanced - includes most regular consistency foods but excludes hard, dry, sticky, or crunchy foods. Foods should be moist and in bite-size pieces. Dry breakfast cereals must be well moistened and meats must be tender. Lettuce can be served if shredded.

Front 15

NDD level 4?

Back 15

Regular - no restrictions