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311 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
opioids are __ or pain relieving medications
|
analgesic
|
|
studies have shown that properly managed medical use (taken exactly as prescribed) of opioid analgesics is __.
|
safe
|
|
__ and __ are used to alleviate severe pain, while __ is used for milder pain
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Morphine, fentanyl, codeine
|
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along with pain, opioids can be used to relieve ____
|
severe diarrhea and severe coughs
|
|
an opiate drug that is synthesized from morphine
|
heroin
|
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opioids stimulate the opiate receptors __, __, and __ producing pleasure and pain relief.
|
delta, mu, and kappa
|
|
___ use of opioids can cause nerve cells to lose their ability to carry messages without presence of an opiate.
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long term
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opioids act on the __ system (controls emotions), the __ (controls coughing and breathing), and the __ (transmits pain signals).
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limbic, brainstem, spinal cord
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a pain relieving drug
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analgesic
|
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cough suppressing drug
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antitussive
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drug that stops diarrhea
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antidiarreal
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opioids can treat __ dependence
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narcotic
|
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opioids relieve all kinds of pain by __ the transmission of pain through the spinal cord or brain stem and alters the perception of pain in the pain center of the brain
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blocking
|
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kinds of pain opioids can block
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visceral (internal organs of the body), somatic (skeletal muscles, bone, skin, teeth), the intense pain of cancer
|
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in the past, narcotics were advertised as a cure for __
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addiction to tobacco
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refers to naturally occurring substances derived from the opium poppy (1600's) and their synthetic substitutes
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narcotic
|
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CNS depressants that produce insensibility or stupor, induce sleep, numbing, dull senses, relieves anxiety, dreamlike state, very dependancy producing
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narcotics
|
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give you the feeling of being wrapped in a warm cozy blanket on a cold morning
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narcotics
|
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the poppy (papaver somniferum) is known as the __
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plant of joy or plant that brings sleep
|
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the opium poppy has only __ days to manufacture opium
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10
|
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with the development of the __ and its use during the civil war, heroin addiction became more prevalent and more severe
|
hypodermic needle
|
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1906-opium and its derivatives were found in ___ medicines; bought in local stores, and order through catalogs
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50,000
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in 1906 the rate of opiate use was ___ than today
|
higher proportionally
|
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___ made narcotics illegal without a prescription
|
1914 Harrison Act
|
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in 1980 a $10 bag of heroin was __ pure, by 2000 it was __ pure
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<10%, 60-70%
|
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heroin used during the Vietnam war was inexpensive and 95% pure; led to operation ____ where all soldiers were tested before being allowed to return to the US
|
golden flow
|
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narcotics come to the US from:
|
Southeast Asia, Middle East, South America
|
|
the primary global producers of heroin
|
Afghanistan
|
|
the __ is the main source of of nonsynthetic narcotics
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poppy
|
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raw opium is changed by a __
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heating process
|
|
milky substance from the opium plant is incised out of the __ and air-dried to form brown gummy substance
|
poppy capsule
|
|
___ references opium when the main character Dorothy falls asleep in the midst of a poppy field
|
The Wizard of Oz
|
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opium came to the US in the mid-1800's when ___ came to build railroads and work in mines
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chinese workers
|
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morphine has been used in all wars since ___ to treat pain, dysentery, and fatigue
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civil war
|
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__-the hypodermic syringe boosted the abuse of opium
|
1853
|
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individuals who use narcotics on a occasional or weekend basis
|
chippers
|
|
relapse
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recidivism
|
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eliminating drugs from the body (THE FIRST STEP in most treatments)
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detoxification
|
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condition caused by an allergic reaction to contaminants used to cut or dilute drugs
|
anaphylactic shock
|
|
drugs derived from opium
|
opioid
|
|
combining heroin and cocaine
|
speed balling
|
|
"women's tonic"
|
laudanum
|
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injecting a drug of abuse intravenously
|
mainlining
|
|
these people:
-called chippers -seldom use drug more than once a day -can keep drugs around without using them -avoid drugs when known addicts are present -seldom, if ever binge -know the source and dealer -take fro recreation or relaxation -do not take drug to escape from life's daily hassles -do not use drugs to alleviate depression |
controlled users
|
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natural narcotics
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derived from the opium poppy
|
|
modified natural narcotics
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semisynthetic narcotics
|
|
synthetic narcotics
|
made in a lab
|
|
endogenous opioids
|
originate within the body
|
|
derived from the opium poppy, the pod is slit and allowed to ooze overnight, then scrapped. done since 3000 BC
|
opium
|
|
created in 1803 by Friedrich Serturner of Germany
-used for moderate to intense pain -used medically -the standard that other narcotics are measured by -named after morpheus, the greek god of dream |
morphine
|
|
created in 1832, low potency (12x<morphine), used to treat mild to moderate pain, atitussives, most widely used naturally occurring narcotic
|
Codeine
|
|
stimulant vs depressant, minor component of opium, converted into other compounds
|
theloaine
|
|
opium derivative used uas an antispasmodic
|
papaverine
|
|
created in 1832, low potency (12x<morphine), used to treat mild to moderate pain, atitussives, most widely used naturally occurring narcotic
|
Codeine
|
|
stimulant vs depressant, minor component of opium, converted into other compounds
|
theloaine
|
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opium derivative used uas an antispasmodic
|
papaverine
|
|
opium __x <Morphine
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10
|
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heroin __x > Morphine
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2-3
|
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fentanyl __x > Morphine
|
1000-6000
|
|
semisynthetic narcotics are __ of the synthetic opioids
|
half
|
|
substances that have been derived indirectly from a natural narcotic
|
semisynthetic narcotic
|
|
derived from morphine, 2-8x more potent then morphine
|
hydomorphine
|
|
derived from thebaine, moderate level
|
oxycodone (pecodan)
|
|
strong painkiller, derived from thebaine
|
oxycontin
|
|
derived from thebaine, 1000x potent as morphine, high danger of overdose, used to subdue animals
|
etorphine
|
|
discovered in 1874, derived from German word meaning "herotic"
|
heroin
|
|
derived from morphine, 90% of opioid abuse in the US, illegal, no longer medicinal, 2-3x more potent as morphine and faster, high danger of dependency
|
heroin
|
|
users who __ feel intense immediate reactions; euphoria (rush similar to a sexual orgasm) followed by anesthetizing sensations, then sleep and lethargy
|
inject
|
|
"black tar"
|
40-80% pure
|
|
china white
|
90% pure
|
|
immediate intense euphoria or sense of well being following a hit of heroin
|
heroin rush
|
|
__ depends on how heroin is produced and cut
|
color
|
|
crude heroin is __
|
dark
|
|
purified heroin is __
|
white
|
|
narcotics produced in a lab
|
synthetic narcotics
|
|
created in 2002, mild to moderate narcotic
|
buprenophrine
|
|
derived from morphine, 90% of opioid abuse in the US, illegal, no longer medicinal, 2-3x more potent as morphine and faster, high danger of dependency
|
heroin
|
|
users who __ feel intense immediate reactions; euphoria (rush similar to a sexual orgasm) followed by anesthetizing sensations, then sleep and lethargy
|
inject
|
|
"black tar"'s purity
|
40-80% pure
|
|
china white
|
90% pure
|
|
immediate intense euphoria or sense of well being following a hit of heroin
|
heroin rush
|
|
__ depends on how heroin is produced and cut
|
color
|
|
crude heroin is __
|
dark
|
|
purified heroin is __
|
white
|
|
narcotics produced in a lab
|
synthetic narcotics
|
|
created in 2002, mild to moderate narcotic
|
buprenophrine
|
|
substituted for heroin (detox) in 1943, 3-4 million users, up to 24 hours in duration, same potency as morphine
|
methadone (dolophine)
|
|
used for some heroin addiction treatment, 48-72 hours in duration
|
levo-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM)
|
|
made in 1957, low ptency
|
propoxyphene (darvon)
|
|
made in 1968, 200x more potent than morphine, used in surgery, designer heroins have been formulated (200-3000x more potency of morphine), immediate and short duration, over dosers die with needles in their arms
|
fentanyl
|
|
talwin
|
pentazocaine
|
|
gradual withdrawal from narcotics use
|
detoxification
|
|
clonidine, naltexone, naloxone, methadone
|
drugs used to ween people of of strong narcotics
|
|
naloxone and naltrexone
|
narcotic antagonists, negates the effects of heroin
|
|
constipation, drowsiness, mental clouding, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, itching, inability to urinate, constipation, decrease blood pressure, constricted pupils, abuse potential (heroin), drop in temperature, dilate blood vessels
|
side effects of heroin use
|
|
ways heroin enters the body
|
oral, intramuscular, smoked, sniffed, snorted, subcutaneous (skin popping), intravenous (mainlining)
|
|
over __% of heroin users are also HIV positive
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50
|
|
how heroin is __ and the __ that is taken have a bearing on its effectiveness
|
administered, dosage
|
|
effect of heroin last about __ hours and wears off completely within about 24 hours
|
4-6
|
|
__ people are injecting heroin but __ are smoking it.
|
fewer, more
|
|
the drug used most frequently to treat heroin
|
methadone
|
|
from __ then number of prescription for painkiling drugs has grown dramatically (especially oxycontin)
|
1996
|
|
a natural opioid made in the body
|
endogenous opioids
|
|
naturally occurring neruochemicals, euphoria, painkiller (100x more potent than morphine) (runners high)
|
enkephalins and endorphins
|
|
help moderate your perception of pain
|
endogenous opioids
|
|
__ develops rapidly leading to incredibly large doses, abuse, psychological and physical addiction, severe withdrawal symptoms
|
tolerance
|
|
exaggerated pain, agitation, anxiety, stomach cramps, vomiting, muscle aches, runy nose, flu-like symptoms begins about 12 hours after last use, loss appetite, chills, fever, lasts for 5+ days)
|
severe withdrawal (dope sickness)
|
|
HIV, collapsed veins, blood poison, abscesses, hepatitis, injecting an air bubble
|
problems because of methods of administration
|
|
made in 1960, OTC cough syrup
|
detromethorphan
|
|
made in 1978, antihypertensive
|
clonidine
|
|
nerotransmitter that causes sedation, relaxation, drowsiness, and depression (decreases the normal level of function)
|
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
|
|
the brain and spinal cord
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
|
depressants __ the normal activity that goes on in the brain
|
slow down
|
|
the three groups of CNS depressants
|
barbituates, benzodiazepines, and sleep medications
|
|
sleep inducing, anxiety, nervousness, anestheitc, convulsions, mental disorders, epilepsy, schitzophrenia, back aches, multiple sclerosis, muscle strain, parkinsons
|
medical uses for depressants
|
|
depressants found on the illicit market are usually __ manufactured pharmaceuticals that have been diverted for illegal uses
|
legitamantly
|
|
produce relaxation and sometimes sleep, depending on the dose, inhibits CNS, decreases neural activity, slows down mental and body functions, calms, relaxes muscles, soothes, relieves feelings of tension, anxiety and irritability
|
depressants
|
|
a __ of depressants gives relaxation, calm, tranquility
|
low dose
|
|
relieve anxiety, fear and apprehension
|
sedative
|
|
a __ of depressants induces sleep
|
high dose
|
|
induces drowsiness, encourages sleep
|
hypnotic
|
|
depressants at the __ can cause anesthesia and are used during surgery
|
highest dose
|
|
depressants are __ dependent
|
dose
|
|
developed in germany in 1864, marketed in 1903 and are categorized by how long tehy act and how fast they work
|
barbituaites
|
|
at one point, over __ different barbituates existed. today its about a dozen
|
50
|
|
a derivative of barbituric acid that acts as a sedative or hypnotic
|
barbituites
|
|
-act by depressing the respiratory rate, BP, temperature, CNS
-have a high addictive potential |
barbituites
|
|
-prescribed primarliy for sleep; treatment of convulsions, diabetes, anxiety, anesthetic
-effects are modified by differences in users, previous experience, dosage, set and setting, and how administered -effects coordination, attention span, reaction time and can be fatal because they alter heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration -no longer used by most clinicians because of their severe side effects and high potential for abuse -still used as a general anesthetic |
barbitaits
|
|
-chemically different from barbituates but produce the same effects
-increase sedation and sleep while reducing anxiety -many are no longer used by most clinitians |
nonbarbituates
|
|
chloral hydrate: knockout drops, induces sleep
paraldehyde: used with severely disturbed metal patients, produces horrible smell and bad breath methaqualone" relieves tension and anxiety without barbiturate like aftereffects; but is extremely addictive and has severe withdrawal effects; removed from the market in 1985 meprobamate: nonbarbiturate that is a minor tranquilzer used to treate psychosomatic conditions; low margin of safety; physical dependence; rarely prescribed today |
nonbarbiturates
|
|
currently 14 on the market: valium, ambien, xanax, halcion, librium
|
tranquilizers
|
|
most common and safeset prescribed drug to relieve anxiety, induce sleep, relaxation of muscles and lower back pain, reduce panic attacks and epilepsy and controls seizures
|
tranquilizers
|
|
penzodiazepines are often used as __ medications but certain ones are promoted as hypnotics or as anticonvulsant drugs
|
antianxiety
|
|
drugs used to treat allergies (dihenhydramine, hydroxyzine, promethazine)
|
antihistamines
|
|
nausea, lethargy, vomiting, upset stomach, blurred vision, hangover, fever, skin rash, impaired judgment, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, vertigo, diarrhea, violent behavior, repiratory failure, disruptive personality changes, loss of memory
|
depressant side effects
|
|
profuse sweating, insomnia, muscular twitching, paranoia, vomiting, aches and pains, cramps, quick temper, nightmares, hallucinations, seizures
|
withdrawal symptoms
|
|
__ of patients who are severly dependent on CNS depressants can be very unpleasant and even dangerous
|
detoxification
|
|
LONG TERM USE OF ANY DEPRESSANT WILL LEAD TO ___
|
DEPNDANCE, TOLERANCE, AND WITHDRAWAL
|
|
a plant that contains naturally occurring CNS depressants included in herbal teas
|
kava kava
|
|
ordinairy __ are misused as inhalants
|
household products
|
|
methods of administration for inhalents
|
-squeezed into a bag, on a hankerchifs, socks or rags, placed over teh nose and inhavled
-spraying aerosols directly into the mouth or nose -rapidly absorbed through the lungs and into teh bloodstream and quickly distributed to teh brain and other organs |
|
-used in dental practices
-used in minor surgery -nitrates: diatlate blood vessels and relax muscles -treat for congestive heart failure -antidote for cyanide poisoning |
medical uses for inhalents
|
|
inhalants have __ like properities
|
anesthetic (sedative-hypnotic depressant)
|
|
inhalants are often the __ drugs kids abuse because they are legally obtained, inexpensive, and easy to conceal
|
first
|
|
inhalants are dangerous because a person can die on the first use from serious __
|
cardiac arrhythmia (sudden sniffing death syndrome)
|
|
___: joseph priestly (british chemist) synthesized nitrous oxide (used as an anesthetic)
|
1776
|
|
__: inhalants were highly abused in teh US because you could get a drunkenness without consuming alcohol
|
1800's
|
|
__: inhalants were first used as an anesthetic in dental practice, spread to use in other surgeries
|
1840
|
|
__: OTC nitrates were abused to enhance sexual stamina and pleasure
|
1960
|
|
__: saw an increase of teh use of inhalants in the US
|
1960's
|
|
__: products sold as aromas or incense containing butyl nitrite
|
1968
|
|
__: nitrates were banned in OTC forms
|
1991
|
|
inhalants are the __ leading type of substance abuse among high schools in the US
|
4th
|
|
psychoactive ingredient found in aerosols and solvents
|
toluene
|
|
an early inhalant, dating back to teh 1700's, a volatile, highly flammable liquid
|
ether
|
|
laughing gas, a sweet colorless inorganic gas used as an anesthetic
|
nitros oxide
|
|
brain damage resulting from inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain
|
hypoxia
|
|
inhalant used to treat angia pectoris and congestive heart failure
|
amyl nitrate
|
|
type of nitrate used to treat angina causes vasodilation, flusing, and warmth
|
isobutyl nitrate
|
|
found in perfume and antifreeze
|
butyl nitrate
|
|
readily evaporated at low temperatures
|
volatile
|
|
ability to cause feelings of pleasure and well being
|
euphorigenic
|
|
an irregular heartbeat
|
arrhythmia
|
|
sniffing rags soaked in solvent fluid and held over nose
|
huffing
|
|
inhaling vapors from a bag
|
bagging
|
|
inhaling vapors directly from their origial containers
|
sniffing or snorting
|
|
volatile substances that produce chemical vapors that are inhaled or sniffed
|
inhalant
|
|
dilate blood vessels and relax muscles
|
nitrates
|
|
inhalants are classified by __
|
how they are used
|
|
four classifications of inhalants:
|
-volatile hydrocarbon solvents
-aerosols -anesthetics (gases) -nitrates |
|
-liquids that vaporize at room temp
-adhesives, glues, household solvents |
volatile hydrocarbon solvents
|
|
-sprays that contain propellants and solvents
-spray paints, hair sprays, fabric sprays |
Anesthetics (gases)
|
|
-vasodilators, amyl, butyl, and isobutyl
-used to enhance sex |
nitrates
|
|
short term effects of inhalants. these last about ___
-drooling, hazy, nausea, sneezing, euphoria, gidiness, reduced inhibitions, coughing hypersensitivity, loss of coordination, intoxication, red and watery eyes, haedaches, slurred speech and sniffles |
30-40 min
|
|
two severe reactions and long term effects of inhalants are__, __ and __
|
liver and kidney damage, possible brain damage, and cardiac arrest
|
|
drugs used at all night raves, parties, dance clubs and bars or trance scenes to enhance sensory experience
|
club drugs
|
|
fairly cheap with an intoxicating high
|
club drugs
|
|
called "drug assisted assault" drugs, colorless, odorless, tasteless drugs that leaves victim powerless, helpless, defenseless, vulerable and unable to recall details, affects short term memory
|
date rape drugs
|
|
most date rape drugs are __
|
benzodiazepines
|
|
teh effects of date rap drugs are greatly enhanced when mixed with __
|
alcohol
|
|
increased use of date rape drugs have led to the passage of the __. this increased federal penalties for use of any controlled substance to aid in sexual assult
|
drug induced rape prevention and punishment act of 1996
|
|
gamma y-hydroxybutyrate; (liquid ecstasy, soap, easy lay, vita-G, Georgia home boy) neurotransmitter that produces relaxation and sleepiness, coma and seizures, also found naturally in the body (GABA)
|
GHB
|
|
-euphoric, sedative, availible OTC until 1992, purchased by body builders to aid in fat reduction and muscle building, body builders to stimulate release of growth hormone
-general anesthesia, treatment for insomnia and narcolepsy, treatment for alcohol and narcotic dependence |
GHB
|
|
(benzodiazepine) roofies, roach, and rope, powerful depressant (5-10x more than valium
-incapacitaion, amnesia, can be lethal if dose is high enough, not allowed for sale in US, brought in from other countires |
rohypnol
|
|
dissociative anesthetic; feel sepearated from reality, an out of body experience, an anesthetic that has been approved fro both human and animal used in medical settings since 1970 about 90% legally sold is for veterinary use
|
ketamine
|
|
causes dreamlike states and hallucinations, in high doses can cuase delirium, amnesia, impoaired motor funcitons, high BP, depression and potentially fatal respiratory problems
-frequently used as a general anesthtic for ventrinary procedures |
ketamine
|
|
a synthetic psychoactive drug chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline
|
MDMA (ecstacy)
|
|
__: ecstacy was found on teh streets
|
1912
|
|
characterized by a sharp increase in body temp resulting in liver, kidney, and cardiovascular system failure; leads to changes in brain function affecting cognitive tasks andmemory, leads to bouts of depressoin
-affects neurottransmitter serotonin (possibly depleats is supply semi permenantly) |
MDMA ecstacy
|
|
the dissociative drugs act by altering teh distribution of teh neurotransmitter __ throughout the brain
|
glutamate
|
|
__ is involved in perception of pain, responses to the environment, and memory
|
glutamate
|
|
drugs such as PCP and ketamine which were originally developed as general __ distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment, dissociation from the environment and self.
|
anesthetics
|
|
a widely availibly cough suppressant, when taken in high doses can produce effects similar to those of PCP and ketamine
|
dextrometorphan
|
|
stimulants are drugs that cause __.
|
the heart to beat faster, and BP and metabolism to increase
|
|
-treat asthma, narcolepsy, fatigue, short-term weight loss, ADHD, nasal congestion, depression sometimes used to maintain cancer pain
|
some medical uses for stimulants
|
|
stimulants work on the neruotranmitter
__ |
dopamine
|
|
long term use of stimulnants may __ the amount of dopamine or number of dopamine receptors in the brain.
|
reduce
|
|
when a person stops taking a stimulant they crave the drug because without it he or she can't feel much pleasure. they __
|
dont feel normal
|
|
minors chewed __ a mild stimulant to keep them going during the work day
|
coca
|
|
__ Niemann purified cocaine added to lozenges, teas, wine, and eventually coca-cola (kola nuts and cocaine) and tobacco
|
1859
|
|
cocain re-emerged in teh 1960's-70's to replace __
|
amphetamine
|
|
a combination of tobacco and cociane
|
cocarettes
|
|
a stable compound of cocaine, this is a fine powerder that can be snorted through the nasal passage. it cannot be smoked
|
cocaine hydrochloride
|
|
having contaminating substances mixed in to dilute the drug (sugar, talc, arsenic, liocaine, strychnine, etc.)
|
adulterated
|
|
__ caused more premature births, miscarriages, low birth weight, abnomalities, hyperactivity, and possible brain damage to children of women taking the drug
|
cocaine
|
|
-addiction
-irritability and mood disturbances -resltessness -paranoia -auditroy hallucinations |
long term effects of cocaine
|
|
-increased energy
-decreased appetite -mental alertness -increased heart rate and blood pressure -constricted blood vessels -increased temp -dilated pupils |
short term effects of cocaine
|
|
-cardiovascular disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks
-respiratory pain and failure -strokes -seizures and headaches -abdominal pain and nausea |
medical consequences of taking cocaine
|
|
__ cocaine appears as a white crystaline powder
|
pure
|
|
crack cocaine is the __ form of cocaine and appears as white gravel, slivers, or rocks
|
most addictive
|
|
year that crack cocaine was sythesized
|
1985
|
|
crack cocaine is __ , as opposed to cocaine hydrochloride
|
smokable
|
|
intesnsified form of cocaine now considered one of the most addictive, called poor mans cocaine
-usually smoked in a pipe or mixed with marijuana -feeling is short, intense, electifying, euphoria |
crack
|
|
crack is __ then cocaine
|
cheaper
|
|
made by mixing cocaine with baking soda and water and then heating the mixture
|
crack
|
|
-synthetic, developed as a decongestant
-marketed in 1932 as an inhaler (benzedrine) to treat asthma and congestion |
amphetamines
|
|
amphetamines where synthesized in what year
|
1887
|
|
potent stimulant used to treat narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD
|
amphetamine
|
|
-abuse high in the military, truck drivers, students studying for exams, diet pills high profile individuals
-lasts several hours causes an arousal alertness, elevates mood, incresese HR and BP -cause one to be hypersensitive which turns to anxiety, extreme mood swings -hallucinations, involuntary shaking, severe apprehension, and panic |
amphetamines
|
|
abuse of amphetamines peaked in the __
|
late 60's
|
|
the from an amphetamine has been compared to an intense __
|
"whole body" orgasm
|
|
a more potent amphetamine
-cheaper, high lasts longer -powerfully addictive CNS stimulant even single doses can cause permanent damage to nerve terminals |
methamphetamine
|
|
both crack and meth lead to __
|
binging
|
|
pysical activity skyrockets, loose appetite, loose desire to sleep, paranoi, aggressive behavior, violnce, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle twitches, uncontrolled movments, jow clenching, acne, elevates R, BP, HR, BT, convusions
|
short term effects of meth
|
|
sores, tooth decay, anxiety, paranoia, insomnia, psychotic behavior, violence, homicidal or suicidal thoughts, elevated BP, strokes, heart infections, kidney and liver damage, brain damage similar to alzheimers, increaed risk of HIV and hepatitis, death
|
long term effects of meth
|
|
-caffeine (coffee, cola)
-theophyline (tea) -theobomine (chocolate) |
xanthine family (minor stimulants)
|
|
caffeine's effects peak __
|
30-40 minutes
|
|
bitter tasting, odorless compound -extracted from the fruit of the coffee arabica plant
-found in coffee, cocoa, chocolate, colas, medications, etc |
caffeine
|
|
pysical activity skyrockets, loose appetite, loose desire to sleep, paranoi, aggressive behavior, violnce, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle twitches, uncontrolled movments, jow clenching, acne, elevates R, BP, HR, BT, convusions
|
short term effects of meth
|
|
-increases cellular activity, increases in temp, BP, and general body chemistry, respiration, alertness and mood, opens air passage ways
|
caffeine
|
|
sores, tooth decay, anxiety, paranoia, insomnia, psychotic behavior, violence, homicidal or suicidal thoughts, elevated BP, strokes, heart infections, kidney and liver damage, brain damage similar to alzheimers, increaed risk of HIV and hepatitis, death
|
long term effects of meth
|
|
development of __ aka the consumption of 500-700 mg of caffeine daily led to mood swings, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, laxative/diarrhea, shaking, ned to urinate and cuase hydration, excessive urnation, sweating, feelings of tiredness, irregular HR, changes in BP, stomach pain, and ulcers
|
caffenism
|
|
-caffeine (coffee, cola)
-theophyline (tea) -theobomine (chocolate) |
xanthine family (minor stimulants)
|
|
caffeine's effects peak __
|
30-40 minutes
|
|
caffeine can be __
|
fatal
|
|
bitter tasting, odorless compound -extracted from the fruit of the coffee arabica plant
-found in coffee, cocoa, chocolate, colas, medications, etc |
caffeine
|
|
the impure form of caffeine is __
|
unsafe
|
|
you should keep caffeine consumption to __ mg daily
|
300
|
|
-increases cellular activity, increases in temp, BP, and general body chemistry, respiration, alertness and mood, opens air passage ways
|
caffeine
|
|
development of __ aka the consumption of 500-700 mg of caffeine daily led to mood swings, anxiety, insomnia, headaches, laxative/diarrhea, shaking, ned to urinate and cuase hydration, excessive urnation, sweating, feelings of tiredness, irregular HR, changes in BP, stomach pain, and ulcers
|
caffenism
|
|
caffeine can be __
|
fatal
|
|
the impure form of caffeine is __
|
unsafe
|
|
you should keep caffeine consumption to __ mg daily
|
300
|
|
the solvent used to take the caffeine out of the coffee bean is a potential __
|
carcinogen
|
|
the number one drug of choice for many americans
|
caffeine
|
|
coffee is the __ consumed beverage in the world
|
most
|
|
multiple administratoins of a stimulant every 1-2 hours over a period of days
|
fan
|
|
short intense generalized sensation of total well-being experienced within minutes after intravenous injection racing HR and elevated BP
|
rush or flash
|
|
disturbing period of mental depression when person stops taking a CNS stimulant, ends with prolonged sleep (48 hours)
|
crash
|
|
conversion of cocaine into an alkaline form for smoking, reduces impurities
|
free basing
|
|
__ is a smokable form of methamphetamine
|
ice
|
|
a freebase form of methamphetamine that is smoked in pipe at a temp of around 100 degrees
|
ice
|
|
injectable methamphetamine
|
speed
|
|
injecting combination of cocaine and heroin
|
speedballing
|
|
someone who uses meth over a period of time; goes on binges, shooting up every few hours over the course of several days
|
speed freak
|
|
drugs that suppress appetite for food
|
anoreximants
|
|
regular use of stimulants leads to __, __, and __
|
tolerance, addiction, and withdrawal
|
|
-effects CNS/cardiovascular systems
-depression -sleep abnormalities -cravings -agitaion -mood swings distortions delusions (called a crash) -can last from hours to 8-10 days but depressions that follows can last for weeks, months, or years |
cocaine withdrawal and addiction
|
|
-excessive prolonged use leads to weight loss
-sores and nonhealing ulcers -liver disease and kidney damage -hypertensive disorders, cerebral hemorrhage and heart attack -seizures, aggression, and unpredictable behavior -delusions of extraordinary abilities -violence, reslessness, and agitaion -hallucinations and paranoia |
side effects of using stimulants
|
|
the dose, purity, the method of administration mid set of user and the social and psychological setting
|
what the side effects of stimulants are dependant on
|
|
methods of administration for stimulants
|
-ingestion (swallow, drink tea)
-inhalation (snorting, most common method; peak effects in 10-15 min) -intravenous (peaks effects in 30 sec) -smoked (peak effects in seconds) -absorbion (chewing or rubbing in mouth or around gential area) |
|
the most common method of stimulant administration
|
inhalation (snorting)
|
|
synthetic powerful stimulant the produces a burst of energy and a prolonged euphoria
|
metcathinone (KAT) 1991
|
|
natural extract of shrub, approved as decongestant but used as diet pill, used by athletes to make weight
|
ephedrine
|
|
mild CNS stimulant used for depression, narcolepsy, ADHD (hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention) in children, schedule II drug
|
methylphenidate (Ritalin) 1937
|
|
ADHD is the __ identified childhood psychotic behavior
|
number 1
|
|
hallucinogens affect the neurotranmitter receptor of __ which is an inhibitory leading to rapid emotional swings and altered perceptions delusions and visual hallucinations
|
seratonin
|
|
substance that produces psychological effects that are normally asociated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religous exaltation
|
hallucinogen
|
|
produces changes in perception, thought, and feeling, ranging from distortions of what is sensed (illusions) to sensing objects where none exist (hallucinations)
-highten sensory signals but this is often accompanied by loss of control over what is experienced |
hallucinogens
|
|
hallucinogens have __ medical uses
|
no accepted
|
|
LSD is listed as a Schedule _ drug
|
I
|
|
used in veterinary medicine as an analgesia and tranquilizer
|
LSD
|
|
a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically but not necessarily limited to the physical senses
|
dissociative
|
|
agent which produces a local or general loss of sensation including pain
|
anesthetics
|
|
there is little evidence of physical dependance for these:
|
hallucinogens
|
|
-heavily used in the 60's and declined in the 70's
-"trip" depends on dose, mind set emotional make-up, and expectations |
hallucinogens
|
|
-heightened senses
-loss of sensory control -self-reflection or introspection -loss of identity or sense of cosmic merging |
four major effects of hallucinogens
|
|
__: LSD introduced to US to treat mental illness, used by artists and musicians to enhance creativity, and by government as a mild control agent and truth serum
|
1949
|
|
__ (harvard professor) and league of spirtual discovery attempted to legalize LSD in 1960's
|
timothy leary
|
|
__: FDA appealed LSD as a new drug for investigation for mental illness, especially schizophernia to help them develop personal insight and to recall forgotten or repressed experiences also to treat migrane headaches
|
1953
|
|
__: nonmedical interest to deal with problems of society, social upheaval, vietnam war, the establishment, turn on and tune in
|
1960's
|
|
as popularity of LSD grew, so did the __ effects
|
negative
|
|
__: LSD, peyote/mescaline, muschroom/psilocybin and similar drugs became illegal
|
1963
|
|
used as a sacramental plant by members of the native american church as part of their religious ceremony
|
peyote
|
|
class of drug that induce distortion in time, space, alters sensory processing in the brain, causing changes in thought processing
|
hallucinogen
|
|
term used to describe hallucinogenic drugs, stimulating and inebriating
|
phantasticants
|
|
mind manifesting, mind altering properties of naturally occurring hallucinogenic plant substances, heighten perception and consciousness
|
psychedelic
|
|
refer to drugs that produce psychotic-like symptoms
|
psychotomimetic
|
|
drugs that generate psychosis
|
sychoteogenic
|
|
mingling of senses exaggerated seeing sounds and hearing colors, walk on water and fly through the air
|
synesthesia
|
|
repetitions of teh drugs effect without use of drug, often times called a free trip, days, weeks or months later
|
flashbacks
|
|
ergot poisoning muscle tremors, burning, mania, delirium, hallucinaitons, gangrene, convulsions, death
|
ergotism
|
|
body image is distorted, user becomes one with something or someone else, repressed memories
|
depresonalization
|
|
intense nightmarish loss of emotional control with delusions, panic attacks and catatonic seizures
|
freakout
|
|
intense fear, panic, paranoid, delusions, confusion, depression, bodily disomfort
|
psychotic experience
|
|
lucid or clear thought, ability to view problems from a unique perspective
|
cognitive experience
|
|
fascinating changes in sensations and perceptions, intensificaiton of senses
|
esthetic experience
|
|
emergence of unconscious or forgotten material into ones consciousness, reliving
|
psychodynamic experience
|
|
feeling of unity, joy, peace, reverence, wonder, insight
|
transcendental/mystical experience
|
|
there is __ that supports that psychedelic drugs increases creativity
|
no research
|
|
3 types of psychedelic agents
|
1. LSD types: produce pharmacological effects of tradition psychedelics
2. Phenylethlamines: amphetamine like effects 3. anticholinergics: block receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine |
|
lysergic acid
|
LSD
|
|
derived from ergot fungus,
|
diethylanide
|
|
created LSD in 1938 while trying to synthesize a drug to study psychosis
|
albert hofmann
|
|
-euphoria with crying or laughing: 1-2 hours
-visual hallucinations (2-3 horus) -distortion of time, disintegration, mood swings, panic: 3-4 hours |
stages of LSD
|
|
-sold in form of pellets, gelatin chips, and squares of absorbant paper
-ordorless, colorless, tastless -usually taken orally -no fatal overdose has been documented but people die b/c of their behavior while on the drug |
LSD
|
|
derived from cactus (the fleshy green tips are dried for use, low potency short and less intense
|
Peyote/mescaline
|
|
-derived from "magic mushrooms considered sacred, ingested, short and less intense hallucinogen
-more potent than mescaline and less toxic, unpleasant taste |
mushroom/psilcybin
|
|
-new hallucinogenic drug
-derived from sage family -used spirtiually in mexico -produces psychoactive effect when smoked -when ingested are less intense but but last longer -no illegal yet but may be soon |
salvia divinorum/salvinorin A
|
|
-derived from various plant oils including sassafras, is very similar to both mescaline and amphetamines
-ingested, sniffed, or injected |
MDA....Phenylethylamine?..
|
|
-bitter alkaloid substances
-removed from OTCs in early 1980's -belladonna, mandrake, henbane |
anticholinergic
|