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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Jim Sloan's initial experience with cocaine use did not affect him. What triggered his increased cocaine use? |
The continued use of free base crack. He enjoyed the rush then he continued use. |
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According to Conan Kortnetsky, an area of the brain is known to be involved in reward for many behaviors. Which brain area? |
The Nucleus Accumbens is responsible for the pleasure part of the brain. This includes rewards for sex, food and drug use. |
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How is electrical stimulation of the brain different from natural reinforcers? |
No satiation. We do not become full. We keep doing the behavior. |
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What kind of evidence demonstrates that electrical stimulation of the brain is a strong reinforcer? |
because drug addicts will engage in illeagle behavior or painful behavior in order to recieve a high. |
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what other kinds of stimuli act on the nucleus accumbens? |
sex, food, anything pleasurable. |
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Which neurotransmitter is involved in the rewarding effects of drugs and other rewarding stimuli? |
Dopamine. (Why heroin is called "dope") |
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If the nerve cells that release this neurotransmitter are destoryed how are responses to reinforcing stimuli effected? |
the person will loose desire to continue use. No reward. |
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What learning phenomenea may have contributed to vietnam vet nate chambers use of heroin during the war? |
operant conditioning? (ask about this) self-medication |
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what was hans kosterlitz secret idea? |
morphine substance in the brain changing muscle in the brain=heroin effect natural morphine |
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liza harrison became addicted to what kind of tranquilizing drug? |
valium-benzodiasopines |
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what learning phenomenea contributed to liza's continued use? |
pavlovian conditioning? (ask about this) |
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what change in drug receptor populations contribute to symptoms of withdrawl when one abstains from using an addictive drug? |
more receptors bind to the sites as the dosage increases resulting in a reduction of excitability
when one abstains they expierence tolerance and withdrawl from lack of binding. |
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what was the surprise when vietnam vets returned from vietnam? |
several were addicts when they were in vietnam but less than 50% used when they got back and less than 50% of that continued use. |
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What is the relationship of p3 to al groom? what occurres in his offspring? |
deficit of p3 in al groom p3 missing in alcoholic fathers deficits in cognition sensory deficits inherits the p3 deficit and is more likley to become addicted when the child grows older |
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what learning terminology describes jim sloans triggers for cocaine craving? |
see perniphelia (ask about this) |
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the process used to treat sloans triggers were? |
desensitization |
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how did sloans body temp change the first expierament to the current one in the video? |
his body temp dropped to 76 degrees. This time it stayed at 97. |
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Naloxone sensitive |
blocks stress |
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acupuncture |
objectivly reduces pain |
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placebo effect |
not imaginary; mediated by opioid. when one is given a drug and immediately feels the effect or may have not been given a drug and they feel effects. |
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what blocks opioid mediated analgesia? |
naloxone |
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Operant Learning |
attempt to change enviornment controlled by consequences aquisition and maitence |
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Pavlovian conditioning (respondant of operant learning) |
involuntary behavior triggered by external events learned reflxes motivation |
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naloxone |
blocks stress induced analygesia |
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reaquisition |
pair ques with unconditional stimilus |
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unconditional stimulus |
biologically important survival value (food, water, sex) |
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unconditional response |
reflexive response automatic (saliva, stomach growling) |
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conditional stimuli (cs) |
initially neutral becomes a signal/que |
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conditional response (cr) |
learned response elicited by conditional stimuli |
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spontaneous recovery |
passage of time |
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disinhibition |
cs in new context |
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renewal effect |
extinction in different context than aquasition |
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reaquasition |
cr reestablished |
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a process |
physiological disturbance homeostatic disturbance |
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b process |
compensatory response
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observed response |
a+b processes net effects |
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salience |
how important it is in lifes |
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sensitization |
increased drug effects |
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appetitive stimulus |
something you want |
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adversive stimulus |
oppsite of what you want |
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positive reinforcement |
nice effect |
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negitive reinforcement |
subtracting bad |