Dr. Ent's Psychotherapy

Front 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Back 1

• Although psychology is a science, it is a rather inexact science with competing points of view.
• There are many different theories of the etiology of psychopathology and, hence, there are numerous schools of thoughts about treatment and intervention strategies.
• Some research seems to indicate that it is the quality of the client-therapist relationship that is the single best predictor of therapeutic success.
  

Front 2

Psychotherapies: Psychological Approaches to Mental Disorders

Back 2

- Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Therapies

• Goal: to gain insight into the unconscious origins of a disorders and to work through the accompanying feelings.
• Techniques:

- free association

- interpretation of dreams

- interpretation of resistances

- interpretation of transference

Front 3

Psychotherapies: Psychological Approaches to Mental Disorders

Back 3

• Humanistic and Existential Therapies

- Humanistic therapists focus on clients' current conscious feelings and on their taking responsibility for their own growth.

- Existential therapists focus on finding meaning to face life.

Front 4

Psychotherapies: Psychological Approaches to Mental Disorders

Back 4

• Behavior Therapies

- Instead of trying to alleviate distressing behaviors by resolving a presumed underlying problem, behavior therapists apply well-established learning principles to eliminate the unwanted behavior through conditioning and reinforcement.

Front 5

Classical Conditioning Techniques

Back 5

Front 6

Operant Conditioning Techniques

Back 6

Front 7

Psychotherapies: Psychological Approaches to Mental Disorders

Back 7

Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Assuming that unpleasant emotions stem from negative beliefs, cognitive-behavioral therapists encourage their clients to consider the accuracy of their thoughts about themselves, their world, and others.

Front 8

Group and Family Therapy

Back 8

- Rejection of "I.P."

- Sees problems as systemic

- Family hx; group dynamics;

- Move beyond blame to description & alternation

Front 9

Psychotherapy: Is It Effective?

Back 9

Front 10

Psychotherapy: Is It Effective?

Back 10

- Are Some Forms of Therapy More Successful Than Others?

Front 11

BioMedical Therapy

Back 11

• Psychopharmacology
• Psychosurgery
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
  

Front 12

Biological Therapies

Back 12

Psychoactive drugs have been highly successful in reducing in-patient population.

- Mental Hospital Population

Front 13

Antipsychotic Drugs

Back 13

• Neuroleptics -- phenothiazine, butyrophenones

Neuroleptics may cause Tardive Dyskineisia

• Clozapine and Risperidone

Clozapine has a risk of producing blood clots

Front 14

Antidepressants

Back 14

- MAOI's (Monoamineoxidase inhibitors)

• MAO inhibitors can't be taken with certain foods
• Nardil (phenelzine)
• Parnate (tranylcypromine)
  

Front 15

Antidepressants

Back 15

Tricyclics

Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep, Levate, Novotriptyn, Apo-Amitriptyline)

Amoxapine (Asendin)

Clomipramine (Anafranil)

Desipramine (Norpramin, Sinequan)

Imipramine (Norfranil, Tofranil)

Nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor)

Front 16

Antidepressants

Back 16

SSRI’s (Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors)

SSRIs – have fewer side effects

- Fluoxetine (Prozac)

- Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

- Paroxetine (Paxil)

- Setraline (Zoloft)

- Citalopram (Celexa)

Front 17

Mood Stabilizers (For Bipolar Disorder)

Back 17

Lithium Carbonate (Lithiumate, Eskalith) evens out the mood swings of bipolar patients - must be carefully monitored

Other mood stabilizers:

Carbamazepine (Tegretol),

Divalproex (Depakote),

Topiramate (Topamax)

Front 18

Anxiolitics

Back 18

Benzodiazapines (Librium, Valium, Xanax)

Xanax more effective but somewhat addictive

Front 19

Psychosurgery

Back 19

Cingulotomies and other microsurgeries sometimes done today; they were initially developed for the treatment of intractable pain, but have been used in to treat anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and OCD

Front 20

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Back 20

An effective treatment for depression & mania not responsive to drugs

May cause temporary memory loss

Works by altering neurotransmitter balance

Front 21

When you or someone you know could benefit from psychotherapy ...

Back 21

How to Choose a Therapist Recognizing that therapy is appropriate

College Counseling Centers, Referrals

Credentials (e.g., psychiatrist, psychologist, etc.)

Be up front about goals, both in terms of timeframe and issues to be worked on.