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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Head |
extends posteriorly to the end of the pharyngeal slits and includes the laterally placed eyes |
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Spiracle
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openings on the head, allow water to pass through the gills even when the sharks mouth is closed |
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External gill slit
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allows water to move through gills for oxygen
there are 5 gill slits |
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Pectoral fin
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Large paired fins lie anteriorly, slightly behind the gill slits on the ventral side |
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Dorsal fins
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Lies mid way on the trunk and carries a sharp spine anteriorly
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Denticles
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aka Placoid scales these are embedded into the skin of the shark and covered in enamel containing a pulp cavity; no dentine
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Spines
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Found on the anterior and posterior dorsal fins
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Labial fold
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supported by the labial cartilage
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Labial pocket (pouch)
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these lie on either side of the mouth looks like little laugh lines
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Nares (sing. naris)
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these lie ventrolaterally on the snout and are divided into two by a flap of skin divides into incurrent and excurrent apertures leads into blind–ended olfcatory sac
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Olfactory sacs
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Two large bulbous nerve sensors that detect chemicals in the surrounding water.
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Abdominal pores
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one found on each side just past the cloaca on the lateral side these pores extend into the pleuroperitoneal cavity and may allow excess fluids to be removed from the cavity.
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Claspers
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found only in males, found dorsally between the pelvic fin and cloaca grooved clasper can elongate; used in copulation
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Caudal fin
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carried dorsally by the tail extending from cloaca
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Pectoral girdle
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attachment site for fins, a stout, U–shaped cartilage
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Coracoid bar
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part of the pectoral girdle found inbetween each fin
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Pseudobranch
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a reduced first gill arch reason gill arches are named 2–5
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Ampullae of Lorenzini
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electroreceptors found in pores in the underside of the head and snout
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Lateral line canal
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a tube containing sensory nerve endings which leads into the opening of pores these sensory cells respond to pressure changes caused by vibrations in the water
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Ischiopubic bar aka puboischiadic bar
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makes up the pelvic girdle
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Chondrocranium
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the head skeleton of a dogfish shark
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Rostrum
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scoop–like part on the anterior side of the chondrocranium
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Basal plate
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flattened ventral part of chondrocranium refer to a diagram
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Olfactory capsules (or bulbs)
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2 bulgy balls that protrude anteriorly from the brain refer to a diagram
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Orbit
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the area which houses the eyeball found in the chondrocranium
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Postorbital process
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projects ventrally from the posterior side of the orbit post: after
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Supraorbital crest
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found dorsally and posteriorly from the orbit refer to a diagram supra: above
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Otic capsules
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houses the inner ears found behind the orbit refer to a diagram ot: ear
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Vertebral Column
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extends from the chondrocranium to the tail supports all the dorsal fins and caudal fin
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Neural canal
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spinal cord canal found on the dorsal side of the spine (above the centra)
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Neural arch
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the arch which surrounds the neural canal above the centra
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Centrum (sing. centra)
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hourglass–shaped vertebral body of the vertebral column located in the middle of the neural arch and hemal arch
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Hemal arch
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a plate of cartilage that forms the arch around the hemal canal
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Hemal canal
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arteries and veins that lead to the caudal side of the shark passes through the hemal arch
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Visceral arches
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the sum of seven arches found on the splanchocranium mandibular arch hyoid arch and five brancial arches
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Gill arch (or branchial arch)
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each arch supports a gill anterior side should be visible
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Gill rakers
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these project from each slit helps food escaping or damaging gills refer to a diagram
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Gill ray
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cartilage that extend from the branchial arch and support the interbranchial muscle
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Gill lamellae
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not preserved on skeleton as it is not composed of cartilage where gas exchange occurs in the gills
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Mandibular arch
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largest of the visceral arches forms the jaws
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Meckel's cartilage
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the ventral side of the mandibular arch is made up of a pair of Meckel's cartilages
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Palatopterygoqudrate (or palatoqudrate) cartilage
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found inbetween the orbital process on the anterior side and the adductor mandibulae process posterialy
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Hyoid arch
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these are modified to support the mandibular arch |
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Hyomandibular cartilage
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found on the dorsal segment of the hyoid arch on each side
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