Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Causitive agent for Shigellosis?
|
Shigella dysenteria, Shigella toxin, Shigella flexneri.
|
|
What is shigella dysenteria?
|
causes the severe form/most virulent
o Shiga toxin or verotoxin; A/B toxin kills intestinal and renal cells causing decreased absorption in L.intestines, fluid loss, renal failure (HUS – hemolytic uremic syndrome) |
|
signs / symptoms for shigellosis?
|
developing countries
Signs/symptoms: “cardinal” symptoms include abdominal cramps and full blown dysentery |
|
What is the ID:50 for Shgellosis?
|
10-200 rods
|
|
Pathogenesis for shigellosis?
|
organism is ingested > binds and enters GI cells >organisms replicates in GI cells > organism invades neighboring cells & avoids immune system
|
|
Treatment for shigellosis?
|
ampicillin or bactrim
|
|
How to prevent shigellosis?
|
Hand washing.
|
|
What 2 diseases does Salmonella cause?
|
Salmonalosis & typhoid fever.
|
|
Causitive agent for salmonellosis?
|
Salmonella sp.
1. S. enteric & bongari 2. Over 2000 serotypes! (variations w/ in sub species!) |
|
Signs / symptoms for salmonellosis?
|
Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
|
|
Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis?
|
invasion of intestinal epithelial cells using invasions inflammation.
|
|
Transmission of Salmonellosis?
|
i. Oral/fecal transmission via contaminated food!
ii. Poultry, eggs, beef, exotic pets (reptiles) iii. Uncooked or undercooked eggs iv. Raw or “rare” poultry. |
|
treatment for salmonellosis?
|
oral or i.V rehydration.
|
|
Prevention for salmonellosis?
|
1. Proper cooking of eggs, poultry, etc.
2. Children <5 yrs – no pet lizards or turtles!! |
|
Causative agents for typhoid fever?
|
Salmonella enteric enteric typhi and Salmonella enterica enterica paratyphi
|
|
Transmision for typhoid fever?
|
contaiminated water (fecal mater)
|
|
Reservoir for typhoid fever?
|
humans only!
|
|
Who are at right risk for typhoid fever?
|
travelers.
|
|
Symptoms for Typhoid fever?
|
over 100 F fever; malaise; chills (no diarrhea); headaches; rash (“rose colored spots”)
|
|
Causative agent for Giardiasis?
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
Symptoms / signs for Giardiasis?
|
1. Prolonged diarrhea, flatulence (sulfur smell), nausea, abdominal cramps
2. Steatorrhea (excess fat in feces: malabsorption; rapid weight loss. |
|
Transmission for Giardiasis?
|
oral / fecal tranmission ... conaminated water
|
|
Treatment for Giardiasis?
|
Flagyl (treatment for protozoans)
|
|
Prevention for Giardiasis?
|
water sanitation and hand washing.
|
|
Who are the main reservoirs for beaver fever?
|
1. Beavers are the main reservoir (shed cysts in fecal matter)
2. One of the most common waterborne disease in the U.S. |
|
Pathogenesis for Giardiasis?
|
1. People ingest cysts – transform into trophozoites in stomach
2. Trophozoites can attach to villi-adhesive disc 3. They can ferment glucose in GI tract-flatulence. |
|
causitive agent for – Peptic Ulcer Disease?
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
|
Signs and symptoms for peptic ulcer disease - heilobacter gastritis?
|
Abdominal pain, and vomiting.
|
|
Heliobacter pylori makes what enzyme?
|
Urease
|
|
Epidemiology for Peptic ulcer disease?
|
a. Isolated in culture in 1984
b. Gram negative, spiral bacilli, lophotrichous flagella c. Colonizes as many as 45% of healthy adults in U.S. (15% develop ulcers) d. Infects epithelial cells of stomach e. Before 1982: ulcers associated with spicy food, stress, and lifestyle choices. f. Now: H. pylori causes more than 90% of duodenal ulcers and 80% of gastric ulcers! |
|
Transmission for peptic ulcer disease?
|
most likely – fecal / oral
|
|
What are the long term complications for peptic ulcer disease?
|
gastric cancer
|
|
pathogenesis for peptic ulcer disease?
|
Organism is ingested & colonizes the stomach
|
|
Treatment for peptic ulcer disease?
|
a. Extended treatment; 14 days
b. Cocktail treatment: Amoxacillin(acid resistant), Clarithromycin(acid resistant), Prilosec. (reduces acid) |
|
Tape worm causative agents?
|
1. Taenia saginata – beef tape worm
2. Taenia solium – pork tapeworm |
|
Signs and symtpoms for tape worms?
|
nasea, vomiting
1. Abdominal discomfort – may be mild; weight loss 2. Seizures, if brain infected (cystercerosis, T. solium only); if eyes infected patients “see shadows” |
|
Epidemiology for tape worms?
|
1. Mode of transmission: eating larvae in undercooked beef or pork or ingesting eggs from fecal/oral (food, water, yourself!)
2. Cystiercosis can occur with T. Solium only; results from ingesting eggs (fecal / oral) that become invasive larvae in the digestive tract; larvae encyst in muscle, brain, and eyes! |
|
treatment for tape worms?
|
Mebendazole & steroids (reduce swelling); steroids only for cysticercosis
|
|
How to prevent tape worms
|
cook meat!
|
|
Signs of Staphylcoccal "food poisoning"?
|
Rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.
|
|
Pathogenesis for "food poisoning"?
|
1. Enterotoxin activates votimiting reflex
2. “intoxication” - eating food with toxin already in it. |
|
Treatment for "food poisoning"?
|
1. Oral or I.V. rehydration (antibiotics not helpful)
|
|
Causative agent for cholera?
|
Vibrio cholera
|
|
Signs / symptoms for cholera?
|
2. “Rice-water stools”
3. Severe watery diarrhea (20 liters/day!!!) 4. Vomitting and muscle cramps. 5. Severe cases-shock (deadly within hours) |
|
Pathogenesis for cholera?
|
Cholera bacteria produces entertoxin > binds intestinal cells > reverse intestinal absorption. cAMP tells to reverse intestinal abosorption.
|
|
Epidemiology for cholera?
|
: Fecal/oral transmission
1. Contaminated water (human feces) 2. Bacteria can grow in marine estuaries (reservoir) 3. Food – crab, uncooked fish or shellfish |
|
Treatment for cholera?
|
Oral rehydration / IV + antibiotic
|
|
Prevention for cholera?
|
Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) available travelers; not 100% protective
1. Water sanitation 2. Boil it, peel it, or forget it. |