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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
biological psychology (biopsychology or psychobiology)
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Specialized branch of psychology that stdies the relationship between behavior and bodily proesses and systems
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neuroscience
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The study of the nervous system, especially the brain.
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neuron
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Highly specialized cell that communicates inormation in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell
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sensory neuron
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Type of neuron that conveys informations
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motor neuron
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Type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract.
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interneuron
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Type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron or the next.
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glial (GLEE-ull) cells
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Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition and removal of cell wastes; manufacture myelin.
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cell body (also called the Soma)
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Processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function' contains the cell's nucleus
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dendrites
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(from a Greek word meaning tree) Multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from others neurons or from sensory receptor cells
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axon
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The long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron's messages to other body areas.
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myelin (MY-eh-lin) sheath
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A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed.
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action potential
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A brief electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron.
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stimulus threshold
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The minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron.
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resting potential
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State in which neuron is praped to activate and communicate its meddage if it receives sufficient stimulus.
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all-or-none-law
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The principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur.
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synapse (SIN-aps)
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The point of communication between two neurons.
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synaptic gap (sin-AP-tick)
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The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron.
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axon terminals
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Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles.
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synaptic vessicles (sin-AP-tick VESS-ick-ulls)
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Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
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neurotransmitters
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Chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron.
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synaptic transmission (sin-AP-tick)
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The process through which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, cross, the sunaptic gap, and affect adjoining neurons.
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reuptake
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The process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again.
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biological psychology (biopsychology or psychobiology)
|
Specialized branch of psychology that stdies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and systems
|
|
neuroscience
|
The study of the nervous system, especially the brain.
|
|
neuron
|
Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell
|
|
sensory neuron
|
Type of neuron that conveys information
|
|
motor neuron
|
Type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract.
|
|
interneuron
|
Type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron or the next.
|
|
glial (GLEE-ull) cells
|
Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition and removal of cell wastes; manufacture myelin.
|
|
cell body (also called the Soma)
|
Processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function' contains the cell's nucleus
|
|
dendrites
|
(from a Greek word meaning tree) Multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from others neurons or from sensory receptor cells
|
|
axon
|
The long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron's messages to other body areas.
|
|
myelin (MY-eh-lin) sheath
|
A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed.
|
|
action potential
|
A brief electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron.
|
|
stimulus threshold
|
The minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron.
|
|
resting potential
|
State in which neuron is prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulus.
|
|
all-or-none-law
|
The principle that either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur.
|
|
synapse (SIN-aps)
|
The point of communication between two neurons.
|
|
synaptic gap (sin-AP-tick)
|
The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron.
|
|
axon terminals
|
Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles.
|
|
synaptic vessicles (sin-AP-tick VESS-ick-ulls)
|
Tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
|
|
neurotransmitters
|
Chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron.
|
|
synaptic transmission (sin-AP-tick)
|
The process through which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, cross, the synaptic gap, and affect adjoining neurons.
|
|
reuptake
|
The process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again.
|