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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the 3 ways x-rays are used as diagnostic tests
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radiography
flouroscopy tomography |
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Radiography
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like negatives of photos. X rays go through body and reach film on other side, turning it black. So white on xray = too dense for x-ray to pass through (like bone)
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How would
air fat water bone ....all look on a radiograph |
air = blackish
fat = dark grey water = light grey bone = whitish |
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Fluoroscopy
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x-rays used to obtain real time moving images of internal structures
(e.g. cardiac cath) x-ray tube points at part of body we want moving image of. A continuous x-ray image. |
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Tomogram/computed tomography
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Computed tomography = CT scan
3d cross sectional views of body structures are obtained. X-ray tube moves along with film down part of body we want image of. |
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posteroanterior (PA) CXR
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the conventional CXR. The film is at the patients front.
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The part of the patient that needs to be studied on an x-ray should be next to the ______
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Film
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Anteroposterior (AP) CXR
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The common view for portable bedside CXR's
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The normal heart shadow on a CXR is ____ % or less the width of the thorax
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50%
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In Heart Failure, on a CXR the heart shadow is enlarged to greater than ____ % the width of the thorax
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50%
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The 3 most common abnormalities diagnosed with a CXR are...
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pneumonia
atelectasis pneumothorax |
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The most common cause of infectious death in the elderly is _______ .
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Pneumonia
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KUB
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a radiography that focuses on the kidneys, ureter and bladder
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3 way abdominal radiograph
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obtained with pt flat, sidelying and upright. Often the first step in assessing for a variety of abdominal probems.
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barium swallow
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used for radiographs of the upper GI tract.
Non-water soluble so not absorbed my GI tract. |
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barium swallow can dx. what?
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esophageal varices
swallow problems (with fluoroscopy) stomach - tumors, ulcers |
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small bowel series radiographs
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taken of small bowel as barium swallow passes through
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the definitive test for gastric/duodenal ulcers
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endoscopy
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barium enema
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radiographic examination of lower colon
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lower intesntinal problems that can be visualized on barium enema
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tumor
strictures (narrowing) polyps (abnormal mucous membrane growth) diverticula (outcropping pockets) |
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cholangiogram
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the imaging of the bile duct with xrays, contrast medium is used
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pyelogram
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imaging of renal pelvis and ureter with xrays, contrast medium used
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routine way to detect fractures is ______
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skeletal radiograph
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Baseline mammogram should be performed at what age?
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35-40 yrs old
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myelogram
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xray of subarachnoid space of spinal column (air/dye used as contrast medium)
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4 types of scans that visualize 3d cross sectional views of body
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CT
MRI PET SPECT |
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2 disadvantages of CT scan
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1. Cost
2. time exposed to radiation |
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MRI advantage and disadvantage (compared with CT, PET, SPECT)
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no radiation but costs more than CT scan (can't have implanted devices)
great for CNS system observation |
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Advantages/disadvanges to PET and SPECT (over CT & MRI)
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detail metabolic function rather than structure, require tiny amounts of radioisotopes so minimal exposure
PET=most expensive, not widely available SPECT=costs same as CT brain scan |
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CT scan looks almost all types of tissue except _____
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nerves
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